Ezinye izinto ziyinyani yendalo iphela, kwaye enye yezo zinto kukumnandi kwenyama ephilisiweyo. Amazwe kwihlabathi liphela aneentlobo zawo zokutya okunyangekileyo, isinongo sabo asithandayo kunye neendlela zokuzilungiselela, iindlela zabo zokutya. Ukuba yi-foodie kunokuba yinto eqhelekileyo kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, kodwa uphilise inyama? Badibanisa wonke umntu ngendlela engekho enye I-Instagram mkhuba unakho.
Kodwa wazi kangakanani ngokwenene ngento oyityayo? Ngokuqinisekileyo uye wakuva amahemuhemu-eyoyikisayo, eyoyikisayo, amahlebezi- ukuba ukunyanga inyama yenye yezona zinto zimbi unokuzitya, kwaye iyinyani kangakanani loo nto? Sikwazile ukwenza inyama engenanyama, ngokuqinisekileyo, singenza inyama ephilisiweyo isempilweni ... akunjalo? Ngaba kukho iindlela ezilungileyo ezikhoyo phaya? (Kwaye 'ngokulungileyo,' sithetha impilo, kuba masijongane nayo, bonke incasa Kulungile.)
Makhe sithethe ngokunyanga inyama, ke ngexesha elizayo xa ukhetha into yakho esofeni, ngaphambili-kwe-Netflix ipleyiti yetshathi, ubuncinci uyayazi into oyityayo.
Ithetha ukuthini, 'inyama ephilisiweyo'?
Ke nanku umbuzo: Ngaba uyazi ukuba zeziphi na izilwanyana eziphilisiweyo? Ngoku ka IZiko leLizwe lokuGcinwa kokutya kwasekhaya Ukunyanga inyama kuthetha ukuba umxube osekwe ngetyuwa (kunye neswekile kunye ne nitrites / nitrate) usetyenziselwe ukugcina kungekuphela nje inyama uqobo, kodwa nombala kunye nencasa yesiqwengana.
Kutheni le nto abo bahlala nabo bebiza kangaka
Izandi ziqonde ngqo, akunjalo? Kukho impikiswano malunga nala ma-nitrites-kwaye siza kuthetha ngakumbi malunga nalawo-njengoko abanye bengayicingi inyanga ngaphandle kwabo. Iinkqubo ezisebenzisa ityuwa ngamanye amaxesha zibizwa ngokuba kukuphilisa ityuwa, kwaye umphumo wokugqibela ulungile ngokufanayo. Zimbini iintlobo eziphambili zokunyanga: enye yinkqubo emanzi, kwaye enye yomile. Ngamanye amaxesha umanzi ubizwa ngokuba yi-brining okanye i-pickle curing (xa kukho ushukela ochaphazelekayo), kwaye kwenziwa ngokufaka inyama kwi-brine emanzi okanye ukujoba i-brine ngqo kwinyama. Ukunyanga okomileyo kwelinye icala kubandakanya umxube wetyuwa oxutywe nenyama.
Uyakuthi ngamanye amaxesha uve 'ukunyanga' kunye 'nokulungiswa' kuthethwa ngendlela efanayo, ke yintoni umahluko? Iinyama eziphilisiweyo ziluhlobo olunye lwenyama egqityiweyo, njengoko 'ukwenziwa' kubhekisa kuyo nantoni na eyenziweyo kwisiqwenga senyama esikhokelela kubomi beshelfu eyandisiweyo okanye utshintsho kwincasa (nge I-BBC ).
Yintoni ebangela ukuba inyama ephilisiweyo ihlale ixesha elide?
Ifoto nguPierre-philippe Marcou / Getty Izithombe Sonke siyazi ukuba xa ukhupha amabele enkukhu ekrwada kwifriji kwaye uwabeke esitovini ukuze uphazanyiswe yinto ethile, uya Andizukufuna batye xa usenza ukuba ubuyele ekhitshini kwiiyure ezimbalwa kamva. Awunalo ixhala ngokutya okuphilisiweyo, kodwa ngoba?
Ngoku ka I-BBC , konke kuphantsi kokufuma. Xa inyama inyangekile ifakwe ityiwa, kwaye ukukhaba kuqala inkqubo apho wonke umswakama ongaphakathi utsalwa kulusu, apho uphuma khona. Apho kungekho manzi, akukho bume bhakteria ukuba ikhule kwaye ikhule.
Kwiziqwenga zenyama, kukho ingxaki encinci: Ukuba ityuwa ingaphandle nje, ibhaktiriya engaphakathi iya kukhula ngokukhawuleza kunokuba ukufuma kuphume. Kungenxa yoko le nto ukuzingela okukhulu kwenyama, izisombululo zetyuwa zihlala zingeniswa nzulu embindini. Kodwa konke isenzo sokulinganisa-ukuba kwenzeka kancinci, iibacteria ziyakhula. Ukuba kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza okukhulu, umphezulu wenyama uya kumnandi. Xa isenzeka ngokuchanekileyo, nangona kunjalo, okumnandi, inyama enganyangekiyo engenasifo yintsholongwane, yiyo loo nto kudala siyenza.
Kudala siphilisa inyama ixesha elide
Ifoto nguDenis Doyle / Getty Izithombe Ukuthi sinyange inyama ixesha elide ayisiyibaxi-enyanisweni, ayiyenzi inkqubo yobulungisa. Ngoku ka IiLebhu zikaWalden , besiphilisa inyama ukusukela ubuncinci i-40,000 BC. Siyazi ngenxa imizobo emiqolombeni ifunyenwe eSicily, kwaye siyakrokrela ukuba besinokusebenzisa indibaniselwano yetyuwa evela kulwandle oluhwamileyo kunye nothuthu oluvela kwizityalo ukukhuthaza inkqubo yokunyanga neyokomisa. Yinto entle leyo!
Ngelishwa, kuninzi esingaziyo ngembali yethu kunye neenyama eziphilisiweyo. Akukho mntu uqinisekileyo xa sikhubekile sinombono initriti , kodwa i Inkonzo yolwandiso lwentsebenziswano e-Oklahoma ithi yayingamaRoma amandulo aqala ukuqaphela ukuba inyama ephilisiweyo itshintshe njani umbala ukuba ithathe umbala obomvu nzulu yakuba inkqubo igqityiwe. Eso siphumo senzeka ngenxa yenitrites, ke nangona saziqonda ukuba zazinjani ngekhulu lama-20, sasisazi ukuba ikhona into esebenza ngolunye uhlobo lobugqi kwiinkulungwane ngaphambi koko.
Ibhekoni (nayo yonke inyama ephilisiweyo) unxibelelwano lomhlaza
Ngo-2015, umhlaba waba nokudilika ngokudibeneyo xa uMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi wabhengeza ukuba bayifumene inyama eqokelelweyo yayiliqela elinye le-carcinogen, oko kwakuthetha ukuba banobungqina benzululwazi bokuba ukutya kakhulu kunokwandisa umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa iintlobo ezithile. umhlaza, ngakumbi amathumbu. Ngokwenyani babethetha malunga neqela leentlobo ezahlukeneyo zenyama, kodwa umhlaba weva into enye kuphela: ibhekoni ibangela umhlaza.
Oku kusengathandeki, ngakumbi xa uhleli apho uzama ukuthatha isigqibo sokuba uza kwenza i-BLT okanye hayi. Kodwa UMgcini ukubeka ngale ndlela: kwihlabathi liphela, ukubulawa kwabantu abanxulumene nomhlaza abangama-34,000 unyaka nonyaka banxulunyaniswa nenyama eqhubekileyo. Oko kubeka izinto ngendlela efanelekileyo, akunjalo?
Ekugqibeleni i-WHO ikhuphe ingxelo exelela wonke umntu ukuba ayeke ukwenza into engaphaya, kwaye imboni yenyama ikhathalele indlela yolawulo lomonakalo. Kodwa kule minyaka ilandelayo, ezinye izifundo zesayensi ziye zaqhubeka nokufumana amakhonkco phakathi kokutya okunyangiweyo kunye nokunyanga kunye nemingcipheko ephezulu yokuphuhlisa iintlobo ezithile zomhlaza. Kwaye eyona ngxaki inkulu yayiyeyona nto isenza ukuba sifikelele kwipakethi ethile yenyama ephilisiweyo. Ngulo mbala upinki, akunjalo? Olo luphawu lokuba into oyityayo iphathwe ngento ene-nitrites- mhlawumbi i-nitrite yesodium kunye / okanye i-potrite nitrite- yiyo loo nto yenza ukuba inyama ephilisiweyo ibe yingozi ngakumbi kunenyama engacwangciswanga.
Kwimeko apho ungaphakamanga kwisayensi yakho, unokwazi i-potassium nitrate ngelinye igama: i-saltpetre.
Zithini ezi nitrites sihlala siziva ngazo kwiinyama eziphilisiweyo?
Mamela lonke uhanahaniso, kwaye kulula ukukholelwa ukuba iitrate azilunganga. Kodwa ayisiyiyo ethe ngqo, itsho I-BBC , kwaye ngeenxa zonke iipesenti ezingama-80 ze-nitrate esizigcobayo aziveli kwinyama egqityiweyo kodwa zisuka imifuno . Kwaye kwezo meko, ziyinto elungileyo. Umzekelo, ii-nitrate kwii-beet zidityaniswe noxinzelelo lwegazi. Zisebenza kakuhle kangangokuba zisisixhobo esisebenzayo kwamanye amayeza, ke ... yintoni enika, isayensi?
Kwimeko yabo yesiqhelo, ii-nitrate azinabungozi. Xa sizitya, iibhaktheriya zisemilonyeni yethu (kwaye ewe, sonke sinazo), ziguqula ezinye ze-nitrate zibe zii-nitrites, kwaye zahluke kancinane. Nje ukuba bafike esiswini, kulapho iimpendulo ziqala khona yi-asidi apho, kwaye kulapho ke ithuba lokuba bajike babe yinto ebangela umdlavuza. Oko kuyenzeka xa bekho kwesinye iseti yeekhompawundi ezibizwa ngokuba zii-amines. Benza i-nitrosamines, kwaye ezo nitrosamines zikwakhona ekutyeni xa ziphantsi kokupheka kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kakhulu, njengaleyo yenzekayo kuloo bacon. Qhubeka.
Ngamanye amagama, ayizizo ii-nitrate kunye nee-nitrites ngokwazo eziyingozi, konke oko kuya kwiinkqubo ezihamba nazo. Ngelishwa, ziinkqubo ezenzeka kwiinyama ezicwangcisiweyo ezimbi.
Kutheni i-nitrites isasetyenziswa kwiinyama eziphilisiweyo ukuba zimbi kuthi?
Nazi ezinye iindaba zokudakumba. Ingxelo ye-WHO ngo-2015 yayingelolwazi lutsha, kwaye sazi amashumi eminyaka ukuba iitrate kunye nee-nitrites ezikhoyo kwizilwanyana eziphilisiweyo imbi kuthi . Kwiminyaka ye-1950, isibini sabaphandi base-Bhritane safumanisa ukuba iigundane zondla rhoqo ezi zinto zinomdla wokukhula kwamathumba amabi kwizibindi zazo. Izifundo ngee-1970s zixhasa ezo zinto zifunyanisiweyo, kwaye ngo-1976, isazinzulu esidumileyo somhlaza esigama linguWilliam Lijinsky wathi nangona abantu bengenayo ibhayoloji efanayo nezilwanyana, kufuneka sihlale phantsi siqaphele into yokuba ezi zinto ziyaziwa carcinogens.
Ngaba ukumkanikazi wobisi uyasiphakela isidlo sakusasa
Kwaye izifundo zaqhubeka. Embindini we-1990s, enye yayiqhagamshelene nokutya okuqhelekileyo izinja ezishushu kumngcipheko ophezulu womhlaza wobuchopho ebuntwaneni.
Kodwa abavelisi basazisebenzisa, kwaye ngokwe Ingulube Yefama Yengulube , iyavakala ngenxa yombala opinki onqwenelekayo. Kukho utshintsho lwencasa, ubomi obushelfini obandisiweyo (kunye nenkunkuma encinci), kunye namandla e-nitrites okumisa iibhaktheriya ekukhuleni. Kodwa UMgcini ithi ikhona enye into esebenzayo apha, kwaye ibandakanya inzuzo. Isodium nitrite yenza ukuba inkqubo yokuphilisa yenzeke ngokukhawuleza okukhulu, kwaye ngokukhawuleza banokunyanga inyama, ngokukhawuleza banokuzithengisa. Kukho ezinye iindlela apho kodwa bayacotha, kwaye njengoko isazinzulu sokutya uHarold McGee esitsho, akukho mntu uya kufuna ukulinda iinyanga ezili-18 ukuze inyange inja eshushu.
Inyama enganyangekiyo engenayo iNitrite iba yinto
Iifoto ze-Afp / i-Getty Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ayizizo zonke iinyama eziphilisiweyo eziqukethe i-nitrites kwaye enyanisweni, ukutya okunyanga kancinci kunye nokutya okungenayo i-nitrite kuya kusiba ngakumbi nangakumbi.
Thatha iParma ham. Ngo-1993, bonke abavelisi base-Italiya beParma ham baphosa iitriti kwiinkqubo zabo. Ngoku, basebenzisa ityuwa kunye nobudala be-ham nganye kwiinyanga ezili-18, ngendlela efanayo abayenzayo kwiinkulungwane ezidlulileyo. Ngoku ka UMgcini , Abanye abavelisi baseBritane ham nabo baye balahla ii-nitrites, nangona ewe, imveliso yokugqibela iyangcamla okwahlukileyo kancinci ngaphandle kwabo.
Ngo-2018, Ixesha laseIreland uxele ukuba iprosesa eNyakatho yeIreland ekugqibeleni yeza nendlela yokuvelisa iirasher-free rashers kumgangatho wentengiso. Imveliso ibizwa ngokuba yi-Naked Bacon, kwaye inencasa yeresiphi yeziqholo zeMeditera kunye nezicatshulwa zeziqhamo endaweni yee-nitrites eziqhelekileyo.
I-claire bon appetit ishiya
Informa Markets Kukho inani labavelisi abaphonononga ukhetho oluninzi nangaphezulu lwe-nitrite, nanjengoko unjingalwazi wokutya uCorinna Hawkes ovela kwiDyunivesithi yaseLondon ephindaphinde isilumkiso sokuba iziphumo ze-WHO kufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo nangakumbi, kwaye ukutya ukutya kunyangiwe kwaye kwenziwa inyama. rhoqo yayanele ingozi yokuba oorhulumente kufuneka bangenelele kwaye bathathe isigqibo malunga nokuba bangalumkisa njani abathengi.
Umxholo wesodium kwinyama ephilisiweyo uphezulu esibhakabhakeni
Ayizizo zonke inyama eziphilisiweyo ezidalwe zilingana, kodwa inye into abanayo ngokufanayo ngumxholo we-sodium ephezulu. Kubi kakhulu, enyanisweni, ukuba iAmerican Heart Association idwelise inyama kunye nokusika okubandayo kwitshati yabo eyiSalty Six kuzo zombini abantu abadala kwaye abantwana .
Jonga ngale ndlela-i AHA icebisa ukunciphisa umyinge we-sodium yakho ukuba ungadluli kwi-2300 mg, kwaye kufanelekile, kufanelekile ukuba udubule i-1500 mg. UHam, ngokomndilili, une-1117 mg yesodium nge-3-ounce yokukhonza (nge Unyango lwezempilo ).
Ezinye iintlobo zimbi ngokufanayo. I-ounce enye yenkomo yenkomo iqulethe i-620 mg, kunye nee-ounces ezimbini ze-salami ine-1016 mg. Izinja ezishushu zinokuba mandundu ngakumbi, xa inani leesodiyamu lahluka kwaye libetha amanani aphezulu ane-1330 mg. Kuphantse usuku lwakho lwe-sodium yonke inja enye eshushu- ngaphandle kokuthathela ingqalelo nayiphi na into oyifunayo- kwaye loo nto iyodwa inokukwenza ukuba uphinde ucinge ukuba zingaphi iimveliso zenyama oyiphilileyo ozigcina ekhitshini lakho.
Yintoni ebangela ukuba ezi ntlobo zahlukeneyo zenyama inyangiweyo, kulungile, zahluke?
Ifoto ngu-Omar Torres / Getty Izithombe Kukho inani elimangalisayo leentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokutya okuphilisiweyo ngaphandle, kwaye ukuqonda ukuba ukhangele ntoni kunokuba nzima.
Thatha iprosciutto kunye indebe . Zibukeka zintle ngokungathi ziyinto enye, kodwa ngelixa ikopi iphuma entanyeni nakwigxalaba lehagu, yiprosciutto kuphela ukuba ivela emlenzeni (nge Crush ). Kukho ezinye iintlobo ezinje ifsikisi , liverwurst, kunye ne-mortadella, kwaye zonke ezo zinto ziyafana, nazo. Kodwa ngelixa i-bologna iyi-emulsification yenkomo, inyama yehagu, okanye indibaniselwano yezi zibini, i-liverwurst yinyama yehagu, ibhekoni, kunye nesibindi sehagu, ngelixa i-mortadella iyinyama yehagu kunye nentamo (nge Ukutya kwiRiphabliki ).
Ngamanye amagama, kukho izinto eziguquguqukayo kunokuba ungalindela xa kusiziwa ekunyangeni inyama. Kukho umoya owomileyo nophilisiweyo owomileyo, kukho inyama evela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehagu ezinamafutha ahlukeneyo (zikhutshiwe zivela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehagu) kwaye zininzi, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokunonga. Kodwa uninzi lunento efanayo: ubukhulu becala ingulube. Phakathi kwazo zonke, zimbalwa kakhulu ezenziwe ngokupheleleyo kwinkomo yenkomo, kubandakanya ne-bresaola.
Ityala elinomdla wee-hams eziphilisiweyo
I-Instagram Ke, uyazi ukuba iham ephilisiweyo ihlala ixesha elide, kodwa sithetha nje kangakanani?
Ngokwe- I-BBC , Kukho ingxoxo-mpikiswano eqhubekayo malunga nokuba yeyiphi na iqhekeza le-ham ephilileyo yeyona indala. Abaphikisi babandakanya iham eSmithfield, eVirginia Isle yaseWight County Museum, isiqwenga sehagu esaphiliswa okokuqala nguGwaltney Foods emva phaya ngo-1902. IAtlas Obscura Iingxelo zokuba isekhona ikakhulu ngenxa yokuba ilahlekile iminyaka, kwaye emva kokuba ifunyenwe kwakhona, umntu owayenethamsanqa wabeka ikhola yobhedu kuyo, waqala ukuyibiza ngokuba 'sisilwanyana sasekhaya,' kwaye wayibonisa kwilizwe lonke njengomzekelo omangalisayo ubungqina bexesha lemveliso yakhe.
Kodwa kukho enye imbangi, kwakhona, ham kwathiwa iyaphiliswa ngo-1892 eyathengwa kwifandesi phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-1990 yaza yafudukela kwivenkile yevenkile yaseOxford.
Ngaba badala ngokwenene? Ngaba zisatyiwa? Ngokobuchwephesha, ewe, iingcali zithi. Ukusika iqhekeza nokuba uzihlabe kuyo akuyi kukubulala, kodwa kuya kuba yomile ngokumangalisayo, ngokungathandabuzekiyo, kwaye ngekhe kungcamle okuhle. Kodwa kunjalo, ungathi uyenzile, akunjalo?
Kukho uhlobo olunye lwenyama ephilisiweyo enokuthi ibize ngobuhlanya
Ifoto ngu-Oscar Del Pozo / i-Getty Izithombe Ayisiyiyo yonke inyama ephilisiweyo eyenziweyo ilinganayo, kwaye ngokwe Incwadi yeGuinness yeeRekhodi zeHlabathi , Olona hlobo lubiza kakhulu nguManchado de Jabugo Iberian ham. Ewe iyafumaneka ngentengiso, kodwa ukuba ufuna ukuyifumana iya kukubiza malunga ne- $ 4,620 ngomlenze. Ngenxa yoko, bathi, uyayifumana kwibhokisi yokubonisa entle eyenziwe ligcisa lendawo ngomthi ovela kwakuloo mmandla waseSpain owakhuliswa yihagu, kwaye kungcono ube nesaphetha segolide esiqinileyo kuyo, ngaloo xabiso.
Inkqubo ye- I-BBC ithi ukuze ithathelwe ingqalelo njengomzekelo osemthethweni wejameri yase-Iberia, inyama kufuneka ivele kwihagu emnyama yase-Iberia ephakanyiswe emadlelweni amatsha kunye nee-acorn kwimithi yom-oki yaseJabugo eAndalucia.
Kodwa lo mlenze ubiza kakhulu u-ham wahluke kancinane, kwaye uvela kwiihagu eziphakanyisiweyo, ezifuyiweyo, nezenziwa yinkampani ebizwa ngokuba yi-Dehesa Maladua. Abasebenzisi mahomoni okukhula okanye amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, kwaye bebekhona kwi-biz okoko u-Eduardo Donato wathenga iihagu ezili-10 ezinqabileyo, ezinamabala e-Iberia ngo-1995. Namhlanje, bakhuliswe kumhlaba okhuselweyo we-Unesco owaziwayo kwimithi emikhulu evelisa ngokwaneleyo ii-acorn zokondla iihagu, ezixhelwayo kuphela xa zineminyaka emi-3 ubudala. Emva koko, inyama ingcwatywa ngetyuwa kangangeeveki ezininzi, ixhonywe kwivenkile evulekileyo yonyaka onesiqingatha, emva koko inyangeke kwigumbi elingaphantsi komnye iminyaka emine okanye emihlanu.
Ezinye izikhokelo zenyama enganyangekiyo ekufuneka uyitya
Inyama ephilisiweyo ayinakuba yeyona ilungileyo kuwe, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo iyathandeka. Kwaye zikho iindaba ezimnandi: ngaphandle kwezilumkiso zabo, uMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi uthi (nge Umnxeba ) Akunyanzelekanga ukuba uyiyeke ngokupheleleyo ..., ubukhulu becala.
Ngaba i-panda ibonisa impilo
Batsho ukuba iigram ezingama-50 zenyama egqityiweyo yonke imihla yanele ukonyusa umngcipheko womhlaza, kwaye malunga nesixa senyama esesoseji eqhelekileyo. Cinga ngalo njengonyango nje ngamanye amaxesha kunokutya okuqhelekileyo, kwaye akukho nto iphosakeleyo ngokuzonwabisa ngamanye amaxesha.
Kwaye zikho ezinye iindlela ezingcono onokukhetha kuzo. Khangela i-nitrite-free version yeenyama eziphilisiweyo, kwaye ukhetha i-sausage yenkukhu endaweni yengulube iya kuba yinto enempilo, nayo. Kuthiwani ngebhodi ye-charcuterie? Ngaba kukho iindlela zokukhetha into encinci ye-pepperoni kunye ne-chorizo, kodwa isencasa? Ngokuqinisekileyo! Yiya ngakumbi kukutya okune-tangy brined njengokutya kweminquma kunye neepilele, ukongeza iziqhamo kunye nemifuno eyomileyo kunye nexesha, ukhethe amandongomane, ipate kunye nehummus, kunye nokutya? Kukho okuninzi ukutya okungafakwanga ngaphandle phaya. Jonga ngale ndlela: ufuna amathumbu aphilileyo, akunjalo? Sicinga njalo.
