Inyama yenkomo yenye yeemveliso zenyama engaziwayo phaya. Kule mihla, intle ukutya okuqhelekileyo kwesikhululo segesi Ipakishwe ngeplastiki kwaye ithengisiwe ilungele ukutyiwa. Ukuya kude nokusika okubandayo, ayisiyiyo eyona ilungileyo- kodwa inokwenza isinekhi esifanelekileyo kwisipinki; Nokuba unayo isuntswana lodumo njengokutya okungekho mpilweni .
Mhlawumbi uluhlobo lomntu olungenakukunceda kodwa uzifake kwijerky encinci rhoqo. Okanye, mhlawumbi unikezele kwisilingo esibuhlungu kanye nje kwaye ufuna ngamandla ukwazi into oyenzileyo. Nokuba yeyiphi indlela, unokufuna ukukhangela ukuba zenziwa njani na ezi zinto. Inyaniso kukuba, i-jerky ayifani nezinye iinyama-ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ukusuka kwimbali yayo ende emangazayo, ukuya kwi-ins-and-outs yenkqubo yokuvelisa kunye neendlela onokuthi uzenze ekhaya, nantsi indlela eyenziwe ngayo inyama yenkomo.
Inyama yenkomo sele ijikeleze amawaka eminyaka
Inyama yenkomo - okanye, ubuncinci, eyandulelayo-inembali ende kakhulu kunokuba ucinga. Uhlobo lokutya oluye ekugqibeleni lwaba lujijayo yavela eMelika kumakhulu eminyaka eyadlulayo. Kuxhomekeka ekubeni ubuza kubani, uCh'arki, eligama lesiInca elithi Quechuan elithi 'inyama eyomileyo,' yaqala ukwenziwa nokuba ngexesha Ubukhosi beInca okanye izizwe zaseMntla Melika zaseIndiya, ezazisebenzisa inyama yenyathi kwiiresiphi zazo. Nokuba yeyiphi na indlela, i-jerky yayiludidi lwenyama edibeneyo, ehanjiswa ngokulula engenziwa kuso nasiphi na isilwanyana kwaye ilungele uhambo olude. Kwizizwe ezaziphumelele eMelika ngaphambi kokuba ikoloni ithathe indawo, yayiyindlela efanelekileyo yokugcina inyama.
Ukufika kwabantu baseYurophu kumazwe aseMelika, bafundiswa ngabantu baseMelika ngendlela yokwenza uluvo lwabo, kwaye kungekudala yaba sisidlo esithandwa kakhulu ngoovulindlela baseYurophu. Ngexesha lokwandiswa ukuya eNyakatho Melika, kwaxabiswa njengenye yeendlela zokupheka ezibaluleke kakhulu kubahloli bamazwe kunye nabakholoniyali- kuba bekufuneka benze ngaphandle kokutya okutsha. Kwiinkulungwane ezimbalwa ezizayo, iinkampani zokutya zaqala ukuvelisa i-jerky kwinqanaba lezemizi-mveliso, kwaye namhlanje ziyatyiwa ngamashumi ezigidi zabantu baseMelika minyaka le .
Eyona nyama isikiweyo yeyona nyama yenkomo ilungileyo
UJoe Raedle / Getty Izithombe Into yokuqala ekufuneka uyenzile xa ulungiselela inyama yenkomo kukufumanisa ukuba yeyiphi inyama oza kuyisebenzisa. Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba, kule meko, inkomo yimbatyisi yakho - kuba zonke iintlobo zokusika zinokusetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokuvelisa. Iindaba ezimbi zezokuba ivenkile oyithengileyo ivenkile uyifumene ngakwidola elingaphantsi kwedola mhlawumbi ayizisebenzisi ezona zisiki zikhethiweyo.
Umgaqo wegolide onenyama erkyuku uphepha ukutyeba kangangoko, kuba ukusebenzisa inyama enamafutha kubeka umngcipheko wokonakalisa ijeerky yakho. I-leaner ingcono, ngokusisiseko. Olunye lwezona nyama zisikiweyo ze-jerky zibandakanya iliso leenxa zonke, esisisihlunu se-oval kumlenze wangasemva. Oku kunqunyulwa kunamafutha angaphandle angaphandle okanye angaphakathi okwenza ukuba ilungele i-jerky. Umjikelo osezantsi, okwangoku, uyancipha ngokulinganayo kwaye, ngaphandle kokuba uyithenda encinci yemijikelo, uvelisa ezinye zejerikisi ezinencasa onokuzifumana. Umjikelo ophezulu kunye nesirloin tip zombini zilungile kwimveliso yejerky, nangona eyokugqibela ihlala ibiza kakhulu kunangaphambili. Kwiindidi eziqinileyo zejerky, ungasebenzisa kwakhona iflank steak; okanye inyama yenyama, ukuba ufuna ukuhamba ngenye indlela kwaye wenze i-jerky ethambileyo ekulula ukuhlafuna.
Ngokuphathelele kwivenkile ethengwe ngevenkile, ngakumbi Iindidi ezibizayo zejerky kunokwenzeka ukuba usebenzise ukusikwa okungcono kwenkomo. Ilula ngoluhlobo.
Inyama yenkomo ayisiyiyo yodwa inyama eyenziwe ukuba ibe yirky
Nangona i-jerky yenkomo ngokuqinisekileyo ingukumkani weejerkies ngokubhekisele kukuthandwa, ungasebenzisa intle kakhulu nayiphi na inyama oyithandayo ukuyenza. Ezinye zezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zibandakanya idada elijerky, elinencasa emnandi kwaye eswiti kancinci kwaye lihlala lihlanjwa kwisosi yesoya. Kukwakho ne-turkey jerky, eyona nto inyangiweyo ngexesha lokubonga kunye neentlanzi, ezihlala zineeprotein kunye ne-Omega-3 fatty acids. Ezi, nangona kunjalo, zihamba ngeenyawo ngokuthelekiswa nezinye zeejezi abantu abazenzileyo kule minyaka idlulileyo.
Thatha iarigator jerky, umzekelo. Ihlala yenziwe kwi-alligator tenderloin (yum!), Le jerky inencasa emnene kunye nokuqina okuqinileyo. Kukho i-alpaca jerky, kuye nakubani na othanda isilwanyana esinokwenza inyama yokutya ephilileyo kwaye Ijezi ze-mohair. Okanye uthini malunga nekhangaroo jerky? Iphezulu kwizondlo kwaye ihlala inongwe nge-pepper flavour. Kwaye ukuba awuqapheli, ikwanjalo yenziwe nge kangaroo yokwenyani . Ikhangaru!
Kodwa naleyo ayinanto kwi-rattlesnake jerky. Ibhlog ye-PBFY Flexible Packaging's blog icebisa ukuzisa i-rattlesnake jerky kwindawo yakho elandelayo, ethi, masinyaniseke, isenokuba yintlekisa ekhohlakeleyo okanye isohlwayo esihlekisayo.
Nokuba yeyiphi indlela - ngubani ofuna iinkomo?
Ukwenza inyama yenkomo kunokuba yinkqubo ende
Makhe siye ezantsi kubhedu, emva koko: yenziwa njani inyama yenkomo? Inkqubo ngokucacileyo iyahluka ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni ukhona inkampani enkulu evelisa ubunzima ngobunzima , okanye uyenzela ekhaya. Masiqale ngezinto zeshishini.
Kuqala, inyama inyangwa ukuze kususwe nawaphi na amathambo okanye izicwili ezinokubakho ngaphambi kokuba ikhutshwe. Enye indlela yokwenza oku kubandakanya ukuyijikeleza kwi-centrifuge enkulu ukuze amaqatha alulwelo ahlukane nenyama. Ungacinezela inyama ukuba ucofe amanqatha ngaphandle. Kwangaxeshanye isisombululo sokunyanga siveliswa. Amanzi, ityuwa, isinongo, kunye nezinye izongezo zithunyelwa kwitanki enkulu, apho isisombululo sifudunyezwa kwaye sixutywe kunye.
Okulandelayo, inyama ikhenkcisiwe kwaye isikwe ibe ziinqumka okanye inyongwe kusetyenziswa umatshini wokucheba. Kungoko kungenziwa nkxu kwisisombululo sokuphilisa ixesha elide ngokwaneleyo ukuba ulwelo lunokungena ngokupheleleyo, okanye inyama itofelwe kwisisombululo. Nokuba yeyiphi na indlela, inyama enyangiweyo ibekwa kwisixhobo esiwayo esihambisa inyama kwaye yongeza inani lesisombululo. Emva kokuba le nkqubo igqityiwe, inyama iyaxonxwa kwiibhloko kwaye ipholile. Okokugqibela, inyama iyasikwa ibe yimicu, kwaye ezi ziqwengana zibekwe kwiitreyini zocingo, zifudunyezwe zome. Oku kufinya ubuncinci iipesenti ezingama-20 zomswakama wenyama kwaye ekugqibeleni, i-presto-jerky.
Ioksijini lutshaba lwenkomo yenkomo xa kusiziwa ekupakisheni
Ifoto nguAlex Wong / Getty Izithombe Emva kokuba yenziwe inyama yenkomo, emva koko ipakishwe. Eyona ndlela yokugcina ijeerky kungenxa yokupakisha , eqinisekisa ukuba i-jerky igcinwa isemtsha kangangoko kunokwenzeka ixesha elide. Umzekelo, omnye umenzi ubeka le nyama kwingxowa yesithintelo kathathu, ayigcwalise nge-nitrogen, emva koko ayitywine. Inkqubo ye-oxidation yintoni eyenza ukuba i-jerky ihambe kakubi, ngoko ukususa i-oksijeni kugcina i-jerky entsha. Kuba ukupakisha okungafunekiyo kunokuyishwabanisa ibhegi, nangona kunjalo (kwaye ngenxa yokuba kungekho mntu uyithandayo imveliso ecekeceke) iinkampani ezininzi zisebenzisa izifunxi zeoksijini ukususa ioksijini, kunokuba ususe umoya kwaye wenze i-vacuum kwangoko. Ezi absorbers zibalulekile iipakethi ezincinci ezinomgubo wentsimbi . Umgubo uphendula ngeoksijini kwaye uqala ukurusa, okunciphisa inani leoksijini esemoyeni. Iimpawu ezininzi ze-oxygen absorber zinokunciphisa inqanaba leoksijini epakethini ukuya kuthi ga ngaphantsi kwepesenti ye-0.1.
Kule mihla, kunokwenzeka ukuba uthenge i-jerky kwiphakheji enokuphinda ithengiswe, evaliweyo-evaliweyo ekuqaleni kodwa inokuvulwa iphinde ivulwe nge-ziplock. Ucocekile, huh?
I-nitrosamine conundrum yenkomo yenkomo
Ayothusi into yokuba inyama yenkomo ithanda ukuba nezongezo kunye neekhemikhali- kwaye ayothusi into yokuba ezinye zazo kunokuba kuhle kuwe .
Eyona iphambili kwezi ziitrate. IiNitrate zisetyenziswa kakhulu ekulondolozeni iinyama eziphilisiweyo ezinje ngeerky, izinja ezishushu kunye nesalami. Zongezwa kwezi nyama ukuze zibanike umbala ongaphezulu kwaye bandise ubomi babo beshelfu . Ngelixa ii-nitrate ezikhuselekileyo zibonakala ngokwendalo kukutya okuninzi, izinto ezenziweyo zinxulunyaniswa nokubulawa kweengxaki zempilo ezinokubakho. Kungenxa yokuba baseta ukusabela kweekhemikhali okukhokelela ekwenziweni kwee-nitrosamines, uhlobo lwekhompiyutha ye-carcinogenic Oko kwenzeka xa udibanisa iitrate kunye neeproteni ezaphukileyo ngokwendalo ezaziwa ngokuba ziiamine. Kwaye ezi khemikhali zinokuba yingozi kakhulu.
Ngaba ikhitshi le-cutthroat libanjiwe
Umzekelo, uphononongo lwango-2018 lukaJohn Hopkins lucebise unxibelelwano olunokubakho phakathi kokusetyenziswa kwee-nitrate ezingezizo kunye nokuphazamiseka kwemood okubizwa ngokuba yi-mania. Abantu abalaliswe esibhedlele ngenxa ye-mania babephindwe kathathu ngokunokwenzeka ukuba batye inyama ephilisiweyo ngexesha elithile ebomini babo kunabo babengenayo imiba yengqondo. IiNitrosamines zidityaniswe ne imihlaza eyahlukeneyo.
Sukucinga ukuba iijerkie zobugcisa ezibhalwe 'i-nitrate-yasimahla' ziya kukunceda kakhulu, nokuba. Ezi jerkies khange zisebenzise izongezo zesodium nitrite okanye isodium nitrate ukunyanga inyama. Ngexesha elithile, ii-nitrate okanye ii-nitrites zazisongezwa. Ngapha koko, oku kufuneka kwenzelwe inyama ukuba ithathelwe ingqalelo inyangeke.
Inyama yenkomo igcwele iiprotheyini, kodwa inzima kwisodiyam
Ke, ngaphaya kwayo yonke loo nitrate imbi, ingaba imbi kangakanani kuwe yinkomo yenkomo? Ewe, kukho iindaba ezimnandi kunye neendaba ezimbi, apha. Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba inyama yenkomo inyani umthombo omkhulu weprotheni . I-USDA ithi ikomityi enye yeqhekeza lenyama yenkomo iqulethe iproteni engama-30g, eza malunga ne-7g kwisiqwenga ngasinye. Iindaba ezimbi kukuba zintle kakhulu apho iindaba ezimnandi ziphela khona.
Inxalenye enye yenkomo yenkomo equlathe i-5g yamafutha, edla ngokuba ngumxube wamanqatha ahluthisiweyo nalawo angaxutywanga. UJerky akaboneleli kakhulu ngendlela yeevithamini okanye iiminerali nokuba, kukho kuphela isixa se potassium kunye ne-zinc ekhoyo enyameni. Kodwa unokuba ngumthombo ohloniphekileyo wensimbi, i-magnesium, i-vitamin B12 kunye ne-choline.
Njengoko uyazi, i-jerky nayo igcwele i-chodium. Ikomityi enye inokuqulatha ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1870mg yesodiyam- kwaye ithathele ingqalelo Isikhokelo sokutya yonke imihla Isodiyam ingaphantsi kwe-2300mg ngosuku, ekushiya ujongeka umbi kakhulu ngaphambili. Nawuphi na ugqirha uza kukuxelela ukuba isodiyam inokubangela uxinzelelo lwegazi, inyuse umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo, ukusilela kwentliziyo, ukubetha, isifo sezintso nokungaboni. Akukho mntu ukuxelelayo ukuba ungatyi i-jerky, ewe- musa nje ukuhanjiswa, kwaye uyakulunga.
Mininzi imigaqo kunye nemigaqo xa kufikwa ekwenzeni inyama yenkomo
E-United States, ukuveliswa kwenkomo yenkomo akuxhomekekanga kwezona zinzima imimiselo yi-FDA . Kodwa inkqubo yemveliso ibekwe iliso liSebe lezoLimo ngoKhuseleko loKutya kunye neNkonzo yokuHlola kuzo zonke izityalo ezihlolwe ngumanyano, kwaye urhulumente unezikhokelo zokugcina inkqubo ikhuselekile.
Ngaphantsi kwezi zikhokelo, umzekelo, i-jerky kufuneka ifudunyezwe ukuya kwi-160 degrees ngaphambi kwenkqubo yokuphelisa amandla emzimbeni ukuqinisekisa ukuba naziphi na iintsholongwane ziya kubulawa bubushushu obumanzi. Kungenxa yokuba, ngokwe-FDA, 'uninzi lwemiyalelo yokuhambisa amanzi emzimbeni ayilibandakanyi eli nyathelo, kwaye i-dehydrator ayinakufikelela kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu ngokwaneleyo ukufudumeza inyama iye kwi-160 ° F okanye kwi-165 ° F.' Ingozi apha kukuba ukuba inyama ayiphekwanga kubushushu obaneleyo ngokwaneleyo ngaphambi kokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, iibhaktheriya aziyi kutshatyalaliswa, kwaye ziya kukwazi ukumelana nobushushu emva kokuba inyama yomile.
Ngexesha lokwenziwa kwenkqubo yokwenene, kubalulekile ukuba abavelisi bagcine 'iqondo lokushisa dehydrator rhoqo ukusuka kwi-130 ukuya kwi-140 ° F.' Le nkqubo kufuneka yenzeke ngokukhawuleza ngokwaneleyo ukomisa ukutya ngaphambi kokuba konakale, kwaye kufuneka isuse amanzi aneleyo ukuze iibacteria zingakhuli enyameni.
I-FDA ikwapapashe izikhokelo zokwenza i-jerky ekhaya. Ezi kakhulu ziingcebiso eziqhelekileyo, kodwa i-FDA ikwacebisa ukuba uthathe inyathelo elifanayo njengabavelisi bemizi-mveliso, kwaye uyipheke inyama ngee-degrees ezingama-160 ngaphambi kokuba uyiyeke.
Akukho kunqongophala kweendlela zokupheka zenyama yenkomo
Ke-uyenza njani inyama yenkomo ekhaya? Ewe, inkqubo ayisiyiyo yonke into eyahlukileyo kwindlela eyenziwa ngayo kwimizi-mveliso; oku kwenzeka nje kwizinga elincinci.
Masithathe le recipe elula yenkomo yenkomo ukusuka kuJerkyholic njengomzekelo. Nje ukuba usike inyama yenkomo, into yokuqala ekufuneka uyenzile kukusika onke amanqatha abonakalayo. Emva koko, sika inyama. Ungayenza le ngqolowa, ngokujereka ngakumbi, okanye ngokuchasene neenkozo, ukuba ungathanda ukuba ithenda ngakumbi.
Okulandelayo, kufuneka wenze unyango. Le recipe icebisa ukusebenzisa umgubo wegalikhi, ipepile emnyama, isosi yaseWorcestershire, kunye nepepper yehabanero, kodwa kukuwe. Phosa izithako zakho kwi-¾ yekomityi yamanzi abandayo, yongeza ityuwa ephilisayo, ityuwa yolwandle, iswekile eyityhubhu, emva koko uyidibanise yonke. Isiphumo se-marinade kufuneka sidityaniswe nezilayi ezi-erky kwisitya okanye ingxowa ye-ziplock naphi na phakathi kweeyure ezintandathu ukuya kwezi-24.
Nje ukuba kwenziwe oku, yehla imicu yakho ecekeceke emanzini kwaye uyiomise ngetawuli yephepha. Emva koko, tshintshela imichilo kwi-oveni, kwindawo yokutshaya, okanye kwitreyi ye-dehydrator ukuba unomdla onjalo. Emva koko wome iiyure ezimbalwa (le recipe icebisa ezintathu) ngokubapheka ubuncinci iidigri ezili-165. Imithetho ye-FDA, uyakhumbula?
Kungekudala, uya kuba neyakho inyama yenkomo eyenziweyo.
Ukuba inyama yenkomo ayisiyonto yakho, ikwakhona ne-veggie jerky
I-Instagram Ewe kunjalo, enye yeempawu ezichazayo ze-jerky yinyama ... kuba yiyo yonke loo nto iyiyo. Ngethamsanqa, kwezi ntsuku zikhona ininzi ye-veggie kunye neeregan-zokupheka ezinobungane phandle phaya, kwaye kunokwenzeka ngokupheleleyo ukukhaba ijeyki ngaphandle kokuhlafuna isilwanyana ngaxeshanye.
Inkqubo iyafana ngokufana nenyama yenkomo okanye nayiphi na enye inyama: uyayisika, uyi-marinade, uyomisa. Kodwa kunokwenzeka ukuba usebenzise zonke iintlobo zokufaka endaweni yenyama-isitshalo seqanda, umzekelo, kulungile ukuhambisa incasa ye-marinade. Ungazama i-jackfruit, ngokuqinisekileyo yenye yezona ndawo zibalaseleyo zokutya inyama phaya ngenxa yenyani yokwenyani enjengokwenyama. Kukho i-tofu, ewe, ngenxa yemifuno yakho ye-retro, kunye ne-portobello mushroom okanye i-cauliflower ukuba ujonge ngakumbi kwimifuno eyiyo.
Ngokunyaniseka, ungasebenzisa naliphi na inani lemifuno kunye nenyama eyahlukileyo. Njengokunambitheka kwe-marinade, kufanelekile ukuba uyixube kwaye ubone okwenzekayo. Awazi ukuba uza kukhubeka phi.
Ukwenza inyama yenkomo kwahluka ngokwamazwe
Nangona inyama yenkomo inokuba yenye yezona zidumileyo wanyanga inyama , ukuphela kwayo kuphela. Ngapha koko, uluhlu olukhulu lweendlela zokupheka ezifanayo ezikhoyo kwihlabathi kwihlabathi liphela. Thatha u-cecina , umzekelo. Iresiphi yaseSpain yenziwa ngetyuwa yokunyanga ityuwa kunye neyomisa umoya, kwaye ibuyela emva ubuncinci kwinkulungwane ye-4 BC Njenge-jerky, inokwenziwa ngokuhle kakhulu nasiphi na isilwanyana, nangona sisebenzisa ikakhulu umlenze wangasemva wenkomo.
Inkqubo yokuvelisa ifana ngokumangalisayo ne-jerky nenyama yanyangwa ngetyuwa ngaphambi kokuba yomiswe kwaye itshiswe iiveki ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu. Lilonke, inkqubo ithatha iinyanga ezisixhenxe. Ayifani ne-jerky (inamafutha, umzekelo, kwaye ithambekele ekubeni yithenda ethe kratya) kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo ayikude.
Kukho ne-biltong , ubumnandi base Mzantsi Afrika benkomo eyosiweyo neyomileyo yomoya. Le recipe yaziswa eMzantsi Afrika ngoovulindlela baseDatshi, ababefuna ukutya okuqinileyo okunokubomeleza kuhambo lwabo lokungena elizweni - nto leyo intle ngokufanayo nebali lemvelaphi elifanayo nelikaJerky, ngamagama nje ambalwa atshintshiweyo. Namhlanje, i-biltong iyonwabile kuMzantsi Afrika wonke njenge-snack.
Ke kubonakala ngathi i-jerky ayinanto iyodwa kwilizwekazi laseMelika. Le ntlanzi, okanye into efanayo, iye yahluma kuyo yonke le ndawo- ihlala inezizathu ezifanayo zokuba i-jerky yaphuhliswa ngamaInca kunye namaMelika aseMelika.
