Nokuba uyi-aficionado yokubhaka, okanye usaqala ukubetha kwisebe lokubhaka, kunokwenzeka ukuba wazisiwe ngemvubelo. Ukufunda iresiphi, mhlawumbi ufunde ukuba ufuna ipakethi enye, okanye iisupuni ezi-2/4 zegwele, ukuze wenze looresiphi yesonka saseFrance okanye ezo Iisinamon rolls kudala usweleka ukuzama ekhaya.
Igwele sisithako esifunekayo phantse kuzo zonke iiresiphi zokupheka kwesonka, kunye nezinye iindlela ezikhethiweyo zekhekhe. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, igwele yeyona nto inika ukutya okuphekiweyo okokugqibela ngenxa yendlela entle yokuhombisa. Kwaye ngelixa sihlala sithenga nje igwele kwivenkile yokutya size siyiphose kwisitya sethu sokuxuba njengoko iresiphi ifuna ngaphandle kokucingisisa ngayo, kukho ibali elinomdla kule nto yegranular esiyisebenzisa rhoqo. Yintoni kanye igwele? Ivela phi igwele, kwaye yeyiphi enye into enokusetyenziselwa yona? Ewe, sigqibe kwelokuba sijonge ngakumbi. Le yinyaniso engenakuchazwa yegwele.
Igwele ngumngundo ophilayo
Xa sicinga ngemvubelo namhlanje, kunzima ukungazifanisi neepakethi ezincinci eziza kathathu emgceni, ezifumaneka kwindawo yokubhaka kwivenkile yokutya. Okanye, unokufumana igwele kwisitya esincinci eshalofini, okanye mhlawumbi ngesixa esikhulu. Kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo asicingi ngayo ukuba iyintoni na: ukungunda.
Ewe, igwele yinto ephilayo efumaneka macala onke kuthi, yiyo loo nto isisithako esihle sokubopha kunye nokusetyenziswa ekwenzeni izinto ezinje ngesonka, utywala, kunye nokunye. Ngokutsho komvelisi Igwele elibomvu leNkanyezi , Eyazi into okanye ezimbini malunga nalo mzimba, igwele ziiseli ezimile okweqanda, kwaye zibonakala kuphela ngemicroscope. Zisikhunta kanye njenge Isibumba esifumaneka kwitshizi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka , amakhowa, okanye kwintsholongwane esiyisebenzisayo njengepenicillin. Nangona kunjalo, igwele likhula ngendlela eyahlukileyo kunezinye iifungi. Ngokwesiko, ngundo Ziqulathe imixokelelwane yeetyhubhu yeeseli ezibizwa ngokuba ziihyphae, kodwa igwele lifunyanwa kwizihloko ezincinane zeeseli, okanye njengeseli nganye.
Igwele sele likho ixesha elide
Ngokuqinisekileyo igwele ayisiyonto ibiphupha nje ngobusuku ukuba yenziwe ukuze sonke sibheke isonka esininzi. Ayivelisanga ilebhu, njengezinye izinto ezingaphezulu ezibandakanyiweyo kwiindlela zethu zokupheka esizithandayo. Ngapha koko, igwele belisoloko likho ixesha elide kunokuba, kulungile, kakhulu kuthi.
Ekuphandeni nasekufumaneni ingcwaba lakudala lomphathi wase-Egypt, iScorpion, ukusukela nge-3100 BC, iinzululwazi zakudala zafumana iingqayi ezingama-700 zineewayini enencasa. Ngoku ka Inzululwazi yaseMelika , intlaka yayivunwa kumthi we-erebinth kwaye yayisetyenziselwa ukuthoba isantya sewayini. Njengokuba iingqayi zewayini zazifunyanwa ngaphezulu kufundwa ngakumbi, ubungqina beSaccharomyces Cerevisiae, AKA yeast, kwafunyaniswa ukuba bukhona.
Kwaye ngelixa kungekho bungqina bubambekayo bokuba amaYiputa amandulo besazi ukuba ukongezwa kolu hlobo lwegwele kusenokwenzeka ukuba kudlale indima ekuguquleni ijusi yabo ibe butywala, ngokuqinisekileyo iyabonisa ukuba igwele sele lixhaphakile, ixesha elide kakhulu - ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-5 000 ukuba ibe ngqo.
Kukho amakhulu eentlobo zegwele
Ngelixa imvubelo yethu yesiko yokubhaka ngokuqinisekileyo yinto esicinga ngayo xa sibhekisa kwimvubelo, njengoko kuvela, kukho amakhulu eentlobo kusapho olunye. Xa sibhaka isonka okanye ezinye izinto ezimnandi, sijikela kolona hlobo luqhelekileyo, iSaccharomyces Cerevisiae, kodwa ngokwe Incoko , Ngokwenene kukho iintlobo ezingama-250 zegwele ezenza umsebenzi ofanayo neendidi ezahlukeneyo esizaziyo nesizithandayo. Ezo ntlobo zingama-250 zinamandla okophula iiswekile zize zitshintshe ezo ntshukela zibe yicarbon dioxide kunye notywala. Kwaye ngelixa zininzi iintlobo zegwele ezenza lo msebenzi, zingama-24 kuphela ezo ntlobo zegwele ezinxibelelana nezinye izithako kwaye eneneni zidlala indima ekwenzeni ukutya kube mnandi.
Ezi ezinye iintlobo zifumaneka kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zeemveliso zokutya, ezinje ngeLactobacillus Brevis, esetyenziselwa itshizi kunye neyogathi, okanye iBrettanomyces Lambicus, enokusetyenziselwa ibhiya ukuvelisa ngokukodwa ibhiya ekhumbuza kancinci.
Igwele lenziwa ngentengiso phantsi kweemeko ezithile
Nangona igwele lifumaneka kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo ngokusingqongileyo, ngombulelo akufuneki sisebenzise amandla alo ngokwethu. Ngethamsanqa, abavelisi bacinge indlela yokuthatha igwele elihlala kwindawo esihlala kuyo, bayikhulise, bayiguqule ibe yinto enokupakishwa, ithunyelwe ize ithengwe kwivenkile yakho.
Kodwa igwele ngokuqinisekileyo alwenzi indlela yalo kuthi ngaphandle kwamanyathelo ambalwa kwinkqubo. Ngoku ka Quartz Yonke le nto iqala ngoxinzelelo lwegwele, ethi emva koko ityiswe iswekile ukuze iqhubeke nokukhula. Kwinqanaba elikhulu lemveliso, igwele kunye ne-molasses zixutywe kunye kwaye zondla inani elingenangqondo leswekile ukuyigcina iyonwabile kwaye ikhula. Nje ukuba eso swekile sigqitywe kwaye sibiliswe, imveliso eziqinileyo nezingamanzi ziyahlulwa, kwaye igwele lihamba ngenkqubo eyomisayo. Loo mgubo womileyo, urhabaxa yinto esiqhele ukuwuthenga kwivenkile, kwaye abavelisi bayipakisha ngendlela eyenza ishelufu-izinze ude ube ukulungele ukuyisebenzisa.
Igwele kwi-pantry yakho okanye kwifriji inokufa
Ukuba ukhe waya bhaka ilofu yesonka okanye usebenzise igwele ukubetha intlama ngobusuku be-pizza, kuphela ukuba ushiye umphumo onzima, osisiphelo, mhlawumbi kungenxa yokuba igwele lakho belifile.
Njengokuba ezinye iimveliso zinokuphelelwa lixesha ukuba ziqwalaselwe, igwele ngokuqinisekileyo nalo linjalo. Ngoku ka Igwele elibomvu leNkanyezi , igwele labo ligximfizwe ngeyona nto ilungileyo ngomhla wesibini ukusukela xa igwele lifakiwe. Kwaye ukugcina igwele lakho ngokufanelekileyo iya kuqinisekisa ukuba iya kuphila kude kube nguloo mhla. I-Red Star Yeast iphakamisa ukuba imvubelo yakho ifakwe kwindawo epholileyo, eyomileyo njenge-pantry yakho, kodwa inokuhlala nakwifriji yakho okanye kwisikhenkcezisi. Ngokubanzi, ifuna indawo apho ingafumani bume okanye ubushushu ukuqinisekisa ukuba ayisebenzi ngelixa igcinelwa iseshoni elandelayo yokubhaka isonka. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, igwele yinto ephilayo.
Ukuvavanya ukuba igwele lakho liyaphila na okanye lifile ngokupheleleyo ngaphambi kokuba ungene kwiprojekthi yokubhaka, unokufefa iphakheji yakho, okanye 2 2 iisupuni, ngaphezulu kwamanzi afudumeleyo, adityaniswe netispuni leswekile. Ngoku ka Ukutya i-Spruce , ukuba iyaphila, igwele liza kuqala ukuntywila kumxube. Ukuba ayivuki kwaye ibhabhule, amathuba awuyi kufuna ukuqhubeka uyisebenzisela intlama yakho, njengoko ingazukuvuka ngokufanelekileyo njengegwele elitsha.
I-kfc 5 yeedola igcwalise iikhalori
Ezinye iintlobo zegwele kufuneka zenziwe zisebenze
Ngenxa yenkqubo yokuvelisa igwele, ezinye iintlobo zifuna ukuvuka kancinci. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, ezo zinto ziphilayo zincinci zomile kwaye zipakishwe ukuze zikwazi ukuya ekhitshini. Kodwa njengoko usiya ungene nzulu kwimvubelo, uyakuqonda ukuba zimbini iintlobo xa kuziwa ekubhakeni: igwele elomileyo elisebenzayo kunye negwele elomileyo kwangoko.
Igwele elomileyo kwangoko ayiqhelekanga njengesiqhelo, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo iyafumaneka kwiishelufa zevenkile. Ukungeniswa ngo-1970, imvubelo esheshayo ilungele ukukhawuleza ngaphandle kwephakheji. Yenzelwe ukuba inyibilike kwizithako ozisebenzisela isonka sakho okanye intlama ye-pastry, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokwenza ukuba isebenze, kwaye yenza ukuba intlama yakho inyuke ngokukhawuleza.
Kwelinye icala, imvubelo eyomileyo esebenzayo ifuna uqeqesho ngakumbi. Ipakishwe kwifom yayo eleleyo, igwele elomileyo elisebenzayo kufuneka lisebenze, okanye livuswe ngokoqobo kwimeko yokulala kwiphakheji yayo. Imvubelo eyomileyo esebenzayo kufuneka ifafazwe emanzini afudumeleyo ukuze isebenze, ngaphambi kokudibanisa naziphi na ezinye izithako kwiprojekthi yakho yokubhaka.
Igwele lisetyenziswa kwiziselo ezinxilisayo
Ngokuqinisekileyo igwele linodumo lwexesha elide lokubhaka isonka, kodwa ayisiyiyo kuphela kwento ekulungeleyo. Kanye njengokuba igwele lisebenzisa iswekile kunye nesitatshi somgubo ukwenza icarbon dioxide, ikwenza notywala apha endleleni.
Xa kusenziwa ibhiya, igwele liyongezwa kwi-wort, okanye kumash elenziwe ngee-malted grains ezifana nerhasi. Olu dibaniso lwezithako luqala inkqubo ye ukubila , njengoko imvubelo iqala ukutya iswekile, okanye iglucose kwi-wort kwaye iyiguqula ibe yi-ethyl alcohol kunye ne-carbon dioxide, ekugqibeleni isishiya nomxholo wotywala ofumaneka kwibhiya, kunye ne-carbonation yayo.
Kodwa ayipheleli nje ekutya kunye nesonka kunye nebhiya. Igwele lidlala indima ekwenziweni kwewayini. Ngenxa yokuba igwele lisingqongile, likwafunyanwa kwizikhumba zeediliya, ezenza indlela yazo kwi-fermenter ngexesha Inkqubo yokwenza iwayini . Uhlobo lwegwele lasendle lisebenzisa iswekile kwijusi evela kwiidiliya, ekugqibeleni zenze utywala. Ngelixa le nkqubo inokwenzeka iyodwa, abavelisi beewayini bakhetha ukongeza iintlobo zorhwebo kunye nokukhawulezisa inkqubo, kwaye uhlobo ngalunye longeza incasa eyahlukileyo kwewayini egqityiweyo.
Igwele linokuthintela ukuqaqamba kwakho okulandelayo
Njengoko sele kuphawuliwe, imvubelo ayisiyo nje yokubhaka izonka kunye namaqebengwana anomdla. Kwaye ngelixa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zisebenza kwiziselo ezinxilisayo, igwele linokunceda thintela i-hangover eyoyikisayo Ezi zivela nakwezi ziselo.
Ubuncwane yiza ngenxa yeziphumo zotywala eziphelisa amanzi emzimbeni, kunye ne-congeners, eziyimichiza enokubangela ukuba i-hangover iqine. Kwaye ngelixa kungekho lunyango lwangoko xa uvuka kusasa kunye nentloko eyoyikisayo kunye nokuziva ukoyikeka, ukusebenzisa igwele kubusuku obungaphambi kunokunceda ukunciphisa iintlungu zakho.
NgokukaJim Koch, umseki-mbumba weSamuel Adams ibhiya, imvubelo eyomileyo iyakwenza iqhinga. U-Koch uxelele i-NPR ukudibanisa intwana yegwele eyomileyo neyogathi ngaphambi kobusuku bokusela yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokunciphisa intloko yakho ngosuku olulandelayo. U-Koch uthe ngenxa yokuba igwele liphula utywala, utywala obukutyayo bunokwaphulwa ngaphambi kokuba bangene kwigazi lakho. Isenokungaxhaswa sisayensi, kodwa kunokuba kufanelekile ukuzama.
I-2020 ibangele ukunqongophala kwegwele
Ngazo zonke izinto ezivele ngo-2020, i-coronavirus ngokukodwa, ngokuqinisekileyo ibe kukukhwela endle. Kwaye akukho namnye umntu owakha wacinga ukuba abathengi baya kuba nakho ukunqongophala kwegwele ngaphezulu kwayo yonke enye into. Njengoko ii-odolo zokuhlala ekhaya zaqala ukuvela phesheya kwe-US ngo-Matshi, abantu babethenga ukutya ngenqwelwana, begcina izinto eziyimfuneko njengenyama, isonka, kunye nephepha lendlu yangasese. Ngokufana nesaqhwithi sasebusika, abantu babezama ukulungiselela iintsapho zabo ngento enokwenzeka.
Ugqirha wezengqondo uLisa Brateman uxelele Zisebenza njani izinto ukuba 'sichitha ixesha elininzi kunye namandla ukuzama ukuziva silawula, kwaye ukuthenga izinto onokuthi uzilahle kunika umntu imeko yokulawula kwimeko engalawulekiyo.' Kwaye njengokuba iindaba zaziphuhliswa malunga neCoronavirus, abantu babebandakanyeka kwawona maqhinga afanayo, kodwa ngeli xesha lajula ukutya okufana nomgubo kunye nemvubelo nakulo mxube. Ixesha elingakumbi ekhaya lithetha ixesha elininzi lokubhaka, akunjalo?
Ngoku ka USA Namhlanje , kwisithuba seeveki ezine, esikhokelela ku-Epreli 11, 2020, ukuthengiswa kwemvubelo kwenyuka ngeepesenti ezingama-410. Kwaye ngokukaJohn Heilman, usekela-Mongameli we-AB Mauri, owongamele igwele likaFleischmann, uluhlu lwempahla inkampani ebenayo kwiishelufa zevenkile, ukubonelela ngeeveki ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu phakathi xa beqala kwakhona, yathengwa phantse kwangoko, isenza ukuqhubeka yeka kwimveliso.
yenziwe njani unonkala
Isixa semvubelo esongezwa kwisonka senza umahluko
Ukukhupha ilofu enkulu yesonka sasekhaya kunokuba ngumsebenzi onzima. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, kuya kufuneka ufumane izithako zakho ngokuchanekileyo, kunye nokudibanisa kwakho, kunye namaxesha akho okunyuka. Ngokwenyani, ininzi inzululwazi eya ekubhakeni isonka esifanelekileyo.
Njengoko ujonge ukuba kungakanani umgubo ekufuneka wongezwe, okanye iswekile kunye netyuwa, enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo zokufumana ilungile yimvubelo.
Into yokuqala yokuqala, ukuba uyongeza igwele elininzi Kwintlama yakho, inokugqibela ngokuvelisa ivolumu engaphezulu kunokuba bekucwangcisiwe. Inhlama inokunyuka ngobukhulu kakhulu, ethi ekugqibeleni ishiye imingxunya kwimveliso yokugqibela emva kokubhaka. Ngexesha elifanayo, ukuba kukho imvubelo engaphezulu, ukudala ukunyuka okukhulu, isonka sakho sinako ukuwa ngokupheleleyo ehovini. Kwelinye icala, ukuba awuyibandakanyi imbiliso eyoneleyo, ungaphelela kwisonka esinzima kakhulu ngobunzima obunzima kuba kwakungekho phuhliso lwaneleyo lwekhabhon diokside.
Igwele kutheni isonka sinuka kamnandi kangaka
Kukho ivumba leklasikhi eliza nesonka esisanda kubhakwa. Ingabuyisa iimvakalelo zokulangazelela ugogo wakho okanye umama abhaka isonka ekhitshini, okanye usenokucinga ngephunga elivelisa ivenkile xa kuthengiswa isonka saseFrance esitsha.
Kodwa elo phunga aliveli nje kwinkqubo yokubhaka ngokwayo. Inento yonke enokwenza negwele. Njengoko igwele lentlama lisondla iiswekile ezifumaneka kumgubo, ikharbon diokside iyakhutshwa ukuze inyuke loo ntlama. Kodwa ikwadala la mavumba amangalisayo siwathandayo apha endleleni.
Ngexesha lenkqubo yokubila, inani le iikhompawundi zivelisiwe, kwaye sinokubulela ezi khompawundi ngevumba elimnandi kunye nencasa yesonka. Ixesha elininzi intlama ichitha ukubila, kunye nexabiso eliphezulu le- igwele isetyenziswe kwintlama, ekugqibeleni iyancipha ukuxinwa kweemveliso eziqholiweyo kunye nokuvumba okungcono.
Usenokwenza isonka ngaphandle kwegwele
Kuyinyani, uninzi lweendlela zokupheka zesonka zibiza igwele. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uzifumana usepinkini, kwaye uphume kwimvubelo ekhaya (okanye awuyifumani naphina kwivenkile yokutya), apho izinto ezingena gwele kunye neendlela zokutsiba igwele zizonke.
Into yokuqala yokuqala, cinga ngesonka seIrish Soda Isonka. Isonka se-Soda saseIreland sihlala sisebenza kunye nezilayi ezishinyeneyo, njengoko kuyinto encinci ngakumbi kunesonka esiqhelekileyo. Obo bumba buvela kukushiywa kwemvubelo, kwaye iresiphi yesiqhelo yesonka saseIreland iya kusebenzisa isoda njengearhente enegwele.
Ukuba usete iresiphi efuna igwele, unokukhetha indawo eya kuthi ilingise into eza kwenziwa ligwele. Ungatshintsha inani elilinganayo le-powder yokubhaka ephindwe kabini kwimvubelo, njengoko umgubo wokubhaka usebenza ukwenza inhlama inyuke, njengoko imvubelo yayiqhele ukwenzeka. Okanye, ungasebenzisa isoda yokubhaka, edityaniswe neasidi efana nejusi yelamuni okanye ibhotoloya ukulingisa impendulo efanayo, ekugqibeleni ukhuphe icarbon dioxide kwintlama yakho.
Isiqalo seSourdough sisiseko sefomati ye-DIY
Ngelixa ngokuqinisekileyo kukho iinkampani ezininzi ezenza imveliso kunye nokusasazwa kwembiliso, eneneni, ukuya kwezenzululwazi, kukho iindlela zokusebenzisa ifom yendalo ngakumbi yegwele. Ngapha koko, unokuyivelisa ngokwakho! Oku kunokuba luncedo kwabo bangalifumaniyo igwele kwiivenkile zabo zokutya, okanye kusebenza njengeprojekthi yesayensi eyahlukileyo ukubona ukuba ungaziqonda ngokwakho.
I-starter yesonka esomuncu, esetyenziselwa ekugqibeleni ukubhaka isonka somuncu, ngokuyinxalenye ifom yegwele ozikhulisela yona ekhaya. Ngenxa yokuba igwele lisingqongile, lifuna nje indawo entle ukuze lenze uluntu kwaye lukhule, kwaye unokubonelela ngendawo efanelekileyo. Ngoku ka Fumanisa imagazini Ukudala ikhaya leebhaktheriya ezibandakanya umgubo kunye namanzi ngokuyimfuneko kudala isidlo esirhwebayo semvubelo kwindalo esingqongileyo ukuba siyitye, siyishiya ihlangana kwaye ikhula kwisitya esinye esifana nengqayi. Njengoko ikhula, i-starter yakho yomuncu ilungele ukuyisebenzisa kwiiprojekthi zokubhaka isonka.
