URobyn Beck / Getty Izithombe Ingabonakala ngathi intshukumo yemifuno kunye nevegan sele ifumana ukulandelwa kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kodwa a IGallup I-poll evela ku-2018 icebisa ngokwahlukileyo. Bafumanise ukuba kuphela malunga neepesenti ezintlanu zabantu baseMelika abachonga njengemifuno kunye neepesenti ezi-3 njenge-vegan. Oko kuthetha ukuba amanani abantu abatya imifuno ahleli ngokungaguquguqukiyo ukusukela ngo-2012, kwaye ii-vegans zifumene ipesenti enye kuphela.
Kodwa kwangaxeshanye, ukuthengiswa kokutya okusekwe kwizityalo kuyanda, kwaye oko kuthetha ukuba abantu bavulekile ukufaka iimveliso zemifuno ngaphandle kokuyeka inyama. Kwaye oko kuthetha ukuba lixesha elifanelekileyo lokutya okungenakwenzeka ukungena kwimarike.
Ngoku ka Ixesha , Umsunguli wokungenakwenzeka kokutya uGqirha uPatrick Brown ebezama umbono lo ukusukela ngo-2011. Bekukho iinguqulelo ezimbalwa ezahlukeneyo ze-Impossible Burger ukusukela ngoko, kodwa ke banikwe ukuba baye kumazwe ngamazwe ngo-2018 (okokuqala besiya eHong Kong) nangaphezulu nangaphezulu amatyathanga okutya okukhawulezayo ayongeza ezi burger zisekwe kwizityalo kwimenyu yazo, kukhuselekile ukuba bathi bayinto enkulu. Kodwa lithini ibali lokwenyani emva kwezi burger zenyama yenkomo?
Iqela elenza ukuba kwenzeke
Facebook Ukutya okungenakwenzeka akuzange kusekwe ngumpheki okanye i-foodie yotshintsho, yasekwa sisazi sebhayoloji esigama linguPatrick Brown. Wayesebenza kwiYunivesithi yaseStanford ngaphambi kokuba athathe isigqibo sokuqala inkampani yakhe, kwaye ngokwe Indalo , Akazange afune abapheki okanye ii-foodies, nokuba. Waqokelela iqela leenzululwazi zazo zonke iintlobo, ezathatha indlela eyahlukileyo yokwakha i-veggie burger egqibeleleyo: Babenjineli babo burger ukuqala kwinqanaba leemolekyuli.
Uxelele uBrown Ixesha ukuba baqale ngombuzo owahluke kancinane kunesiqhelo. Endaweni yokuxelela wonke umntu ukuba kutheni befuna ukuba yimifuno, bafuna ukwenza i-burger enambitha ngcono kunenkomo yenkomo, kwaye vumela abantu bazenzele ukhetho. Ukuqaqamba, akunjalo?
Ke, bona iqalile ngezinto ezenza i-burger ibe mnandi: ukuthungwa, incasa, loo sizzle xa ipheka kwi-grill. Bafuna ukufumana indlela yokuphinda bayisebenzise kwakhona ngezinto ezisekwe kwizityalo, kwaye bagqiba kwelokuba bayenze ngophando oluthile lwezenzululwazi kwinto eyenza ukuba burger benkomo balunge kakhulu. Iqela lokutya elingenakwenzeka lazazisa Phakathi , kwaye uyakufumana isazi sebhayoloji esinobuchule kwimvubelo yemfuza, ugqirha wezondlo, umachiza omncinci wemolekyuli, ingcali kwii-macromolecule zebhayiloji ... ufumana umbono. Zizazinzulu kunokuba zibe ngabapheki, kwaye ziyinjini ye-burger efanelekileyo. Okanye, ubuncinci ukuzama.
ezona zinto zihamba phambili kwiklabhu yam
Imolekyuli eyenza wonke umahluko
Facebook Umsunguli uPatrick Brown uthi (nge Phakathi ) ukuba bachithe iminyaka emithandathu befunda inyama kwinqanaba leemolekyuli ukuze babone ukuba 'isebenza njani,' kwaye konke oko kudibana njani ukwenza into abantu ebebenqwenela ukusukela oko safumanisa ukuzingela kunye nomlilo. Bafumanise ukuba inye yemolekyuli enye inoxanduva lokwenza incasa yenyama ukuze i-gosh darn ilunge, kwaye ibizwa ngokuba yihemme.
Kwaye ugcwele ngoku-eneneni, uBrown uthi emzimbeni wakho, unexabiso elifanayo le-heme njengoko unokufumana malunga ne-300 ye-Burger engenakwenzeka. I-Heme yiprotein ekwi-hemoglobin, ezizinto ezithwala ioksijini kwigazi lakho. Ikwanceda kwinkqubo yokuguqula iikhalori zibe ngamandla, kwaye oko kuthetha ukuba kuninzi kwizicubu zezilwanyana. Xa ezo zicwili ziguqulwa zaba kukutya, yi-heme enika inyama incasa eyahlukileyo onokuyichaza 'njengeyenyama.' Uyayazi enye.
I-Heme ikhona kwizityalo, nayo, kwaye kukho zonke iintlobo ezahlukeneyo. Bavavanya iintlobo ezahlukileyo zehemme esekwe kwizityalo de bafumana enye eyayifana kakhulu nehemme esekwe kwizilwanyana, kwaye bahlala kwiprotein ekhutshwe kwiingcambu zemidumba. Ke, yayikukufumana nje indlela yokukhupha i-heme kwizityalo, ukuyifaka kwi-veggie burger yabo, kunye ne-presto! I-veggie burger yokutya inyama!
Inzululwazi ngasemva kwe-burger
URobyn Beck / Getty Izithombe Masijongane nayo, uninzi lweebhegi zeebhegi ziyaphoxa kakhulu. Abanayo nje loo nto yokuqina okuqinileyo okwenziwa yinkomo yenkomo, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo abanalo olo hlobo lwenyama. Ke, le heme ingena phi kwaye siyifumana njani inguqulelo yeveggie yayo?
Intambo ujonge isayensi emva kwehemme, kwaye inzima. Ngokusisiseko, iingcambu zesoya ziqulathe uhlobo lwehemme enesakhiwo esifanayo semolekyuli kwihemme esezihlunwini zezilwanyana. I-Soy ayinaso phantse sonke, nangona kunjalo, ngoko ke iingcali zesayensi Ukutya okungenakwenzeka Ndifumene indlela yokuthatha iikhowudi zemfuza kwi-heme esekwe kwisoyi kwaye ndiyifaka kudidi lwegwele. Emva koko bondla igwele ukuze liphindaphindwe, kwaye Nantsi I-heme kwisikali esikhulu, ngaphandle kweempembelelo zokusingqongileyo zokukhulisa amasimi kunye neenkalo zesoy okanye iinkomo.
Esi sisiqingatha sebali, nangona kunjalo. Ukuze bafumane zonke iziqwenga zepuzzle, bapheka inyama yenkomo yokwenyani kwaye bayityhila kwinto ebizwa ngokuba yinkqubo ye-chromatography ye-mass spectrometry system. Oko kwahlukanisa i-molecule nganye kunye nekhompawundi ekhoyo eyenza amavumba aloo nyama yokupheka, kwaye yabanika ubume be-burger ababeyidinga ukufaka i-heme ukuze baqiniseke ukuba i-Impossible Burger nayo yayinevumba 'elinyama'.
Iingxoxo malunga nokhuseleko lwazo azikapheli
URobyn Beck / Getty Izithombe Xa kuziwa kukutya okuphuma kwelebhu, Ixesha ubuze uBrown malunga nokuba zeziphi iingxaki abajamelana nazo nokuba ingaba ukumelana nokutya okwenziwe ngobunjineli yingxaki. UBrown wabonisa ukuba kwimbali yoluntu, abantu kuye kwafuneka bafumane into elungileyo ukuba bayitye, yintoni engalunganga, kwaye yinto entle le bayenzayo ngoku-kwelebhu nje. Kodwa kukho ezinye iingxoxo-mpikiswano malunga nokuba ngaba i-Impossible Burger ikhuselekile na.
amacherry amabi kuwe
IBloomberg uxele ukuba i-FDA ichithe iminyaka igqitha kwimathiriyeli ebonelelwa kukutya okungenakwenzeka, kwaye ngo-2018 baphinda baqinisekisa iziphumo zabo zokuba i-burger ephekiweyo yi-GRAS, okanye ibonwa njengekhuselekileyo. Kodwa yayingekokuphela kwayo. Kuba i-heme iboleka umbala obomvu kwi-burger, ngoku bebecelwa ukuba babhalise ngokusesikweni njengesixhobo sokudibanisa umbala, besongeza nje kuphela umaleko omnye kwinkqubo yokuvunywa. Kwaye konke kuyinto enkulu, njengoko kufuneka ivunyelwe ngaphambi kokuba i-burger eluhlaza ifike kwiivenkile zevenkile.
Kodwa, ngaba ikhuselekile? Ukutya okungenakwenzeka, i-FDA, kunye nephaneli yengcali ivelise iphepha elinamaphepha eli-1 000 likhangela yonke into ukusuka kwizinto ezinokubangela ukhuseleko ukuya kukhuseleko lweeproteni ezizodwa kwaye wonke umntu uvumile ukuba ewe, kukhuselekile. Okwangoku, ukubhalisa i-heme njengokongeza umbala kunokuvula imveliso ukuya kwimibuzo engaphezulu, iimvavanyo ezingakumbi kunye nenkcaso ngakumbi.
Yayiyintoni injongo yeprojekthi?
Facebook Nini Ixesha Udliwanondlebe noPatrick Brown malunga neprojekthi, bambuza ukuba ingaba uyakha na ishishini okanye uzama ukugcina umhlaba, kwaye impendulo? Ewe, zombini. '
Amandla okuqhuba emva kwenkampani yayikukutshintsha ukuba zingaphi izilwanyana ekufuneka sizikhulisile kuphela ukuze sizifake kwikhonkco lokutya. Iziphumo zeshishini lenyama nenyama zobisi kwindalo esingqongileyo zingqonge intlekele, inoxanduva lokufumana isixa esikhulu segesi yendlu eluhlaza, ukuthatha umhlaba ongacingekiyo, kunye nokubangela ukuphela kwezilwanyana zasendle ngokuzikhupha kwiindawo zazo zokuhlala. Injongo yokutya okungenakwenzeka yayikukunceda ukutshintsha loo nto, kwaye apha endleleni, bafumanisa ukuba ukuba banokufumana inkampani ukuba ikhuphe, banokwenza okungakumbi, ngakumbi.
'Ukuba Ukutya okungenakwenzeka kuyimpumelelo, sisombulula eyona ngxaki inkulu yokusingqongileyo, sisombulula iingxaki zokhuseleko lokutya, kwaye sinciphise neengxabano, uninzi lwazo oluqala ngaphezulu komhlaba kunye namanzi ... xa sifikelele kwinqanaba elaneleyo, kufanele ukuba sikwazi ukuvelisa iinyama ezinganeli nje ukuba mnandi kodwa ezifikelelekayo. Oku kuya kuba nefuthe elikhulu, ngakumbi kwiindawo apho iiprotein, ukungondleki, kunye nokusilela kwe-iron kuqhelekile.
Kungabonakala ngathi ezo ziinjongo eziphakame ngokungakholelekiyo, kodwa i-Impossible Foods ifumene inkxaso-mali njengo-Bill Gates, i-Open Philanthropy Project, i-Google Ventures, kunye neefemu zotyalo-mali eShanghai nase-Hong Kong (nge Iindaba zeShishini lokutya ).
Ngaba izinzile kangakanani, ngokwenene?
URobyn Beck / Getty Izithombe Ke, Ukutya okungenakwenzeka kunenjongo yokudala inyama egcinakalayo, enobungozi kwindalo esingqongileyo. Baqhuba njani?
Baqeshile Noba yintoni - inkampani efunda amashishini kunye nemibutho ukumisela uzinzo lwendalo- ukujonga ifuthe kwindalo esingqongileyo xa kuthelekiswa nemveliso yenkomo. Okokuqala, siza kwabelana ngale metric: ii-akhawunti zeenkomo malunga neepesenti ezi-3 zokutya kwethu kwekhalori, kodwa inoxanduva malunga nesiqingatha sazo zonke iigesi zegreenhouse zezolimo kunye nesiqingatha sokusetyenziswa komhlaba. Yimpambano leyo.
Xa kuthelekiswa, bafumanisa ukuba ikhilogram nganye ye-Impossible Burger ekulungele ukuthunyelwa, le nyama intsha isebenzisa iipesenti ezingama-87 ngaphantsi kwamanzi, umhlaba ongaphantsi ngeepesenti ezingama-96, ivelise iipesenti ezingama-89 zegesi ezingcolileyo, kwaye ikhokelele kwiipesenti ezingama-92 ezingcolisa amanzi.
owenza ibhotolo yamandongomane
Kwaye zininzi izinto ezincinci ezifihliweyo apho. Akukho nto ikhutshwa ngumgquba, kuncitshiswa kakhulu ekusetyenzisweni kwamandla (okuvela ikakhulu kwiindawo zokuxhela xa uthetha ngomzi-mveliso wenyama), kwaye awujongi nje ekupheliseni iimpembelelo zokusingqongileyo zeenkomo ngokwazo, kodwa ukusuka ekukhuliseni izityalo kufuneka uzondle ngazo. Ewe ewe-izinzile kakhulu, kwaye zindaba ezimnandi ezo.
Iindaba ezimnandi, ngokuthetha okunesondlo
Facebook I-Burger engenakwenzeka inokuba ilungile kwiplanethi, kodwa ngaba ilungile kuwe? Ngoku ka Unyango lwezempilo , eneneni kukho izinto ezininzi ezilungileyo kuloo burger yenyama yenkomo.
Izinto ezisisiseko zibandakanya iprotheyini yesoya, ioyile kajongilanga, ukukhupha igwele, iproteni yeetapile, kunye neqela leevithamini kunye nezakha mzimba. Kwaye okumangalisayo kukuba, xa ujonga iitshathi zolwazi olunesondlo, ii-Impossible Burger zibukeka zifana ne-90 yepesenti ye-burger yenyama yenkomo. Zombini ii-patties ziqukethe ii-calories ezingama-240, ezijikeleze isixa esifanayo samafutha (i-14 gram ye-Impossible Burger, 13 ye-beef burger), kwaye inepesenti efanayo yezakha-mzimba ezifana ne-zinc kunye ne-niacin.
I-Burger ezingenakwenzeka ziphantsi kwiprotheyini kodwa ziphezulu kwifayibha, kwaye zikwizinga eliphezulu kakhulu kwizakhamzimba ezinjengevitamin B12, thiamine, kunye nentsimbi. Zonke zibalulekile ngezizathu ezimbalwa, ngakumbi isinyithi. Ayisiyintsimbi nje yesiqhelo, yintsimbi ye-heme- kwaye i-heme iron inyanzeliswa ngokulula ngumzimba. Ngapha koko, kwabo batya imifuno kunye nevegans abakhetha ukongeza i-Impossible Burger kukutya kwabo, bafumana idosi eyongezelelweyo yeevithamini ezingekhoyo kwizidlo ezininzi zemifuno. Okwangoku, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba uninzi lwezondlo ezongezelelekileyo zongezwa kokungenakwenzeka, ngelixa ngokwendalo zivela kwinkomo-ngamanani asezantsi.
Iindaba ezimbi, ngokuthetha okunesondlo
Facebook Unyango lwezempilo uthi kusekho ukubakho kwamacala asezantsi kwi-Impossible Burger, kwaye inxenye yezo zinto zinokwenzeka zivela kwinto yokuba yona-kunye ne-heme esekwe kwizityalo-ayifundisiswanga nzulu, kunye neziphumo zexesha elide ngayo ayikaziwa.
Kukwakho neenkxalabo malunga nezinto ezinokubangelwa kukungabikho komzimba. I-Burger engenakwenzeka ayinayo i-gluten, kodwa i-allergies kwi-soy isona sesinye sezilwanyana ezisibhozo eziqhelekileyo zokutya ezifumaneka kubantwana nakubantu abadala.
Iingcali zikwatsho ukuba kukho ezinye iindlela ezisempilweni xa kufikwa kwi-veggie burger, kwaye zichaza ukuba i-Impossible Burger iphezulu kwi-sodium kwaye inezilondolozo ezongeziweyo, iigcwalisi, kunye nencasa eyilelwe ukunceda ukulinganisa incasa kunye nemvakalo yenkomo yokwenyani. Ngaba ufanele uxhalabe? I-FDA ithi hayi, kodwa ukuba wena okanye umntu osapho lwakho unovakalelo kwisoya, kuya kufuneka uyiphephe le.
Kuthekani ngawo onke amabali amabi esiwavileyo ngesoya?
UJohannes Eisele / imifanekiso kaFetty Jonga uluhlu lwezithako ze IBurger engenakwenzeka kwaye uyakufumanisa ukuba isithako sesibini (emva kwamanzi) sisisombululo seprotein yesoya. Ngaphandle kwezinto ezinokubakho ze-allergener (eyona nto intle kakhulu ukuba unazo), bekukho itoni yengxoxo malunga nokuba isempilweni okanye isoya engenampilo. Ke ithini inzululwazi yangoku?
Impilo Yamadoda ujonge lo mbandela, kwaye iingcali abathe bathetha nazo bacebisa ukuba uninzi lwamabango e-soy enza zonke iintlobo zezinto ezoyikisayo njengokuphazamisa iihormoni zikhutshwe kakhulu yimithombo yeendaba. Ngoku ka Unyango lwezempilo , uphononongo luye lwadibanisa isoyile ne-cholesterol esezantsi, ukuzala okuphuculweyo, kunye nokuncipha kweempawu zokuyeka ukuya exesheni.
zama guys ukutya kwenethiwekhi
Xa kufikwa kwizinto ezimbi ezinamahemuhemu-ezichaphazela kakubi ukusebenza kwe-thyroid, amanqanaba ehomoni, kunye nokuphakamisa umngcipheko weentlobo ezithile zomhlaza-bagxininisa ukuba izifundo bezingangqinelani, kwaye akukho ziqhagamshelo zokwenyani, zekhonkrithi kuyo nayiphi na le miphumo emibi.
Ngaba kulungile ngokwenene?
Facebook Nantsi indlovu egumbini: Ngaba i-Burger engenakwenzeka ihlala i-hype, kwaye iyayithanda inyama yenkomo ? Kuyabonakala ukuba, oko kuxhomekeke.
I-CNET Intatheli uJoan E. Solsman uthe inyama esekwe kwizityalo yayifana nenyama yokwenyani kangangokuba yamkhupha yaze yamluma, esithi, ' kwakhona ukuncoma. Ndiyacinga.'
Iindlela zedijithali ebizwa ngokuba yi-Burger engenakwenzeka ngokutsha 'eyona nto inomtsalane eboniswe kwi-CES 2019', kwaye oko kukuncoma okukhulu, nako. Bathe inkampani ekugqibeleni bayifumene yonke into ilungile, ukusuka kwincasa kunye noburhabaxa ukuya kwivumba- zonke izithako eziphambili.
Isitalato iGrub Street eNew York ibichulumancile kancinci ... kodwa kancinci kuphela. Baye bathi ayisiyiyo kuphela i-burger ebonakala ngathi yeyokwenyani, kodwa ayinayo nayiphi na loo nto ityibilikayo yabaninzi. Baye bagxininisa, nangona kunjalo, ngelixa uninzi lwabantu abatya inyama belusazokwazi ukuxela umahluko phakathi kwaba babini kuvavanyo lokungcamla okungaboniyo, basenokucebisa kakhulu ukuba bazame.
Iinguqulelo 1.0 vs. 2.0
UMichael Thomas / i-Getty Izithombe Inguqulelo eqengqelwe ngo-2019 ngenene yeyesibini iresiphi esemthethweni: i-Impossible Burger 2.0. Isitalato iGrub Street eNew York bangcamla zombini i-2.0 kunye ne-Impossible Burger yentsusa, kwaye bathi kukho into eqinisekileyo, ephuculweyo macala onke kunye nohlobo olutsha ngokuqinisekileyo lwalusisinyama-ngaphandle kwento yokuba kwakungabonakali ngathi 'yopha' njengakuqala Inguqulelo. Ke nguwuphi umahluko okhoyo?
Konke kuxhomekeke kuloo heme, utsho Inzululwazi edumileyo . Ukuze isetyenziswe, i-heme kufuneka iboshwe kwiprotheni. I-original Impossible Burger isebenzisa iproteni yengqolowa, kodwa bekukho iingxaki ezimbalwa. Enkulu kakhulu? Uluhlu kunye ne-gluten.
I-Burger yasekuqaleni engenakwenzeka ayinakho ukumiliselwa ekusebenzeni ngobukhulu njengeebhola zenyama ngaphandle kokuqhekeka. Inyama ayidilikisi, ke oko kubeka isuntswana le-hitch kuzo naziphi na izicwangciso zokusebenzisa inyama engenakwenzeka kuyo nayiphi na into enobuchule ekhitshini. Iprotein esekwe kwingqolowa ikwathetha ukuba ibingenayo i-gluten, kwaye zombini ezo ngxaki zisonjululwe xa begqogqa iresiphi yokusebenzisa iproteni yesoya.
Ke, ngaba kuyakubakho inguqulelo 3.0? UBrown uthi kunokwenzeka kakhulu, kwaye lolunye lolona tshintsho lukhulu banethemba lokuzisa etafileni luyenza ifikeleleke nangakumbi.
Iifrayi ezinobumba obumnandi obumiselweyo
Apho ungazama khona
Ifoto nguDrew Angerer / Getty Izithombe Ngoku, izinto ezibaluleke ngokwenene: ungayifumana phi?
Inqaba emhlophe Wayephakathi kwabokuqala ukwazisa ukuba bathatha ii-slider zabo ezingenakwenzeka kwilizwe liphela. Ukutyhilwa okukhulu kwafika ngoSeptemba 2018 (nge I-CNBC ), Emva kwetyala lokuqala eliqhutywa kwiindawo ezili-140. U-CEO u-Lisa Ingram uthe, ngokuyinxenye, 'ukuthengisa kudlule ngokulula kulindelo lwethu.'
Kwaye ngo-Epreli 2019, iityathanga ezimbini zokutya okukhawulezayo zabhengeza ukuba bazakongeza ii-burger ezingenakwenzeka kwimenyu yabo, nazo. I-Whopper engenakwenzeka yayiza kongezwa kancinci kwindawo yosapho lukaBurger King kwindawo, kwaye ukuphela konyaka wekhalenda babecwangcisela ukuba bafumaneke kuyo yonke i-BK kwilizwe liphela (nge Vox ).
Ngoobani abayonto yakho? UQdoba ubhengeze ukuba bazakukhupha iiprotein zenyama ezingenakwenzeka kancinci. Emva kovavanyo olunempumelelo oluqhutywa eMichigan, lwaluza kuya phambili: iDenver, eLos Angeles, kunye neBrooklyn zaziza kuba ziimarike ezilandelayo ukuyifumana. Ungakhathazeki ukuba awuhlali apho-uQdoba wathembisa (nge Imagazini yeQSR ) ukuba zonke ezinye iivenkile ziya kuzifumana kwakamsinya emva koko. Kwaye ungakhathazeki, Ukutya okungenakwenzeka akuyi kuma apho. Ukujonga ngokukhawuleza kwabo Facebook iphepha libonisa ukuba kukho itoni yeeresityu zokungena ebhodini kunye nentshukumo kunye nokwenza ezazo isayinithi ezingenakwenzeka iBurger. Ngaba sisithandi, okanye ngaba bafuna ukuhlala apha? Lixesha kuphela eliza kuxela.
