Uyayazi indlela endala ethi: 'Ukuba uyazithanda izinja ezishushu, kungcono ungazijongi ngendlela ezenziwa ngayo.' Inyani yile, nokuba uyazithanda izinja zakho ezishushu eziqhotswe ekhaya ngebhotolo, okanye zifuthiswe kwisikhongozeli samanzi amdaka ukusuka kwinqwelomoya kwisixeko esikhulu, nokuba uzithatha izinja zakho zicace nje nge-dab lwesardard, okanye zifakwe phezulu ngetumato , pickles, neon-green relish, and celery salt, ngekhe uchithe ixesha elininzi ujonge kufutshane kwityhubhu yenyama ye-cylindrical esikiweyo.
Izinja ezishushu Kudala ijolise ekuthandeni phakathi kwe-vegans ye-hardcore kunye nabahlobo bakho abavusiweyo ngeepalati ezicokisekileyo, abangaze bacinge 'ngokutyhefa imizimba yabo' ngokudityaniswa okunzima kwamalungu ezilwanyana. Inja eshushu ethobekileyo ithathe ubushushu obuninzi ngenxa yezithako zayo ezikumgangatho osezantsi, ezibonakala zithandabuzekayo kwimveliso kunye neenkqubo zokupakisha, ukunqongophala kwexabiso lesondlo, kunye ikhonkco elinokubakho phakathi kokusetyenziswa kwenyama esele yenziwe kunye nezifo ezithile ezinzulu, kubandakanya uhlobo lweswekile 2, isifo sentliziyo, kunye nezinye iintlobo zomhlaza.
Kodwa kuzo zonke izihloko ezoyikisayo, uninzi lwethu aluqondi ngokupheleleyo ukuba zenziwa njani izinja ezishushu. Sijonge yonke le nkqubo, ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya esiphelweni, kwaye samangaliswa yinto esiyifumeneyo. Sijoyine, njengoko sijonga ngokubanzi ukuba izinja ezishushu zenziwa njani.
Sinabaphambukeli baseJamani enkosi
Uninzi lwethu lubuthatha lula ubukho bezinja ezishushu. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, bahlala bekhona kuthi, nokuba yinto etyiwayo ekhawulezileyo emva kwesikolo okanye ngobusuku bokuhlwa emva kokushicilela 'babuyele ekhaya' amafutha. Kodwa zivela phi izinja ezishushu kwindawo yokuqala, kwaye zaba njani njengezona zitya zaziwayo zaseMelika?
Ngelixa abantu bebesenza umhlaba wezilwanyana kwiisoseji ngokoqobo amawaka eminyaka , Imveliso esacinga ukuba 'yinja eshushu' yaphuhliswa kamva. Elinye ityala laseFrankfurt, eJamani ngokuqanjwa kwezinja ezishushu kwangoko ngo-1484. Abanye abaphengululi bezinja abaphambili bathi le nto yenzeka eVienna, eOstriya. Abanye bakholelwa ukuba inja eshushu yanamhlanje yeza nokuba sekumva kwexesha, xa uJohann Georghehner (owayevela eCoburg, eJamani) wavelisa isoseji 'yedachshund' ngeminyaka yoo-1600.
Naluphi na uhlobo lwembali yenja eshushu okholelwa ukuyikholelwa, imveliso ayifikanga kunxweme lwaseMelika de kwaba li-1850s, xa abemi baseJamani uCharles Feltman kunye noAntoine Feuchtwanger beqala ukuthengisa 'iisoseji zedachshund' ezine-sauerkraut ukusuka kwinqwelo-mafutha eConey Island, eNew York . Imveliso ebanjwe kwiipaki ze-baseball, kwaye amaMelika ngokukhawuleza avelisa umdlalo omtsha wesizwe: Ukutya izinja ezishushu.
Iindleko zekhekhe elipheleleyo zecarco
Izinja ezishushu ezishushu ziqala ngokucheba
Ifoto nguScott Olson / Getty Izithombe Hayi, ukunciphisa. Ligama elingacacanga eliyilelwe ukufihla zonke iintlobo zezono, akunjalo? Kwasekuqaleni kwembali yabantu yokutya inyama, umntu waqaphela ukuba emva kokukrola zonke iimbambo, ii-steaks, iichops, iihams, imilenze, izidlele kwisilwanyana, kwabakho imfumba yezinto ezingathandekiyo ezishiyekileyo ayifanelanga ukuba ichithe. Ngulo mnqweno wokusebenzisa lonke icandelo lesilwanyana, elikhokelele ekuyilweni kwesoseji, kwaye ekugqibeleni izinja ezishushu.
Nokuba ukhetha inyama yenkomo, inkukhu, okanye izinja ezishushu zenyama yehagu, kunokwenzeka ukuba zenziwe liqela lezinto ezahlukeneyo zezilwanyana uninzi lwabo olungayi kuthathela ingqalelo 'ukusika okuphambili.' Umbutho woKutya nezoLimo weZizwe eziManyeneyo (i-FAO) uchaza ezo zinto njenge: 'Izinto zenyama ekrwada ezisetyenziselwa ukupheka esele ziphekiwe kukucheba izihlunu ezikumgangatho osezantsi, izicwili ezinamanqatha, inyama yentloko, iinyawo zezilwanyana, ulusu lwesilwanyana, igazi, isibindi kunye ezinye iimveliso ezityiwayo. '
uzipho esimhlophe sibekwe
Ngokuqinisekileyo, igama elithi 'ukuxhela ngeemveliso' lisenokungakulungeli ncam umdla wakho wokutya, kodwa lisenza izinja ezishushu kuthetha ukuqiniseka ukuba akukho malungu ezilwanyana esizikhulisayo kwaye sizibulale ngokwenkqubo, kwaye yingcinga uninzi lwethu olunokuba semva ngayo.
Ukunciphisa kuhamba nge-grinder
Ngaphambi kokuba ishishini lokwenyani eliphantsi nelimdaka lokuvelisa inja eshushu iqale, zonke ezo zinto zingathandekiyo kufuneka zincothulwe zibe yimveliso enokulawulwa ngakumbi, efanayo. Rhoqo, iintlobo zenyama esetyenzisiweyo kwizinja ezishushu zinokudityaniswa kwengulube, inyama yenkomo, inkukhu, okanye iturkey.
Kumazwe amanyeneyo, izinja ezishushu eziqulethe sketchier ukusika inyama kufuneka ubhalwe ukuba une-'Byproduct '(inyama yenyama) okanye' Iinyama ezahlukileyo '(umsipha wamathambo okrwada). Ezo ziqulathe iimveliso kufuneka zidweliswe kwaye zibizwe ziintlobo kwiphaneli yesithako. Oko kubizwa ngokuba 'yinyama eyahlulwe ngoomatshini,' apho ithambo lehagu (kodwa ingaze ithambo lenkomo; enkosi, Isifo seMad Cow) ityhalelwa koxinzelelo oluphezulu ngesihlungulo sokukhuhla yonke into eshiyekileyo yokutya kwenyama efileyo iyavunyelwa, kodwa olu hlobo yenyama ayinakho ukwenza ngaphezulu kweepesenti ezingama-20 zomxholo wemveliso egqityiweyo.
Ukucheba, kunye neemveliso ezahlukeneyo kunye nenyama eyahlukeneyo, kulayishwa kwinyama enkulu ziyeke iintokazi ezisilayo , ngokufana nalawe ubonile unosilarha usebenzisa ukugaya ihambhega kwivenkile yokutya. Zonke ezo zinto zahlukeneyo zezilwanyana ziphantsi komhlaba kweli nqanaba, ukuba zenze uhlobo lwento evulekileyo, eyimbabala ebunjiweyo yenyama.
Ityuwa, izinto eziswiti kunye neziqholo kuyongezwa
Emva kokuba zonke izinto zihlanganisiwe, kunye nemveliso ekhangeleka ngathi iyinyama enokusetyenziswa kwaye ingaphantsi kwemfumba eyahlukileyo yenkunkuma yezilwanyana ekhutshiweyo, lixesha lokuba uqale ukongeza incasa kunye nemixube yokuthungwa enceda ukwahlula uphawu lwenja eshushu elandelayo.
Imigaqo iyalela ukuba izinja ezishushu ezigqityiweyo zinokuqulatha ukuya kuthi ga kwiipesenti ezingama-30 zamafutha, kwaye ukuya kuthi ga kwiipesenti ezilishumi zongeze amanzi. Iipesenti ezi-3.5 ezipheleleyo zenja eshushu zingenziwa 'zizibopheleli ezingezizo zenyama kunye nezandisi,' ezinokubandakanya ubisi olomileyo okanye isiriyeli. Ipesenti ezi-2 ezongeziweyo zinokufakwa kwiproteni yesoya eyahlukileyo, kwaye zonke ezi 'zinto zongezelelweyo' kufuneka zityunjwe kwileyibhile.
Umxube wenyama unokufumana idosi enzima ityuwa (isodiyam phosphate, egcina izinto zifumile), kunye nezongezo ezongezwayo kunye nezinongo, ezinokubandakanya iincasa zendalo kunye neziqholo, izinongo, isiraphu yengqolowa, okanye amanzi ongezelelweyo. Iindlela zokupheka ezichanekileyo kunye nobungakanani bezithako ziyahluka ukusuka kumenzi ukuya kumenzi, yiyo loo nto zonke izinja ezishushu zihlala zingcamla ngokwahlukileyo kwezinye.
I-dunkin donuts ihlaziya iziselo
Umxube uhlambulukile kwaye umoya uyasuswa
Youtube Emva kokuba umxube wenja oshushu womhlaba unongwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye unazo zonke izinto zokulondoloza kunye ii-bacteria-inhibiting agents yongezwe, lixesha lenxalenye egqibeleleyo. Kwabaninzi, eli linqanaba lenkqubo eshushu yokwenza inja ekhatshwa yimiboniso eya kuwaphazamisa amaphupha akho.
Iyonke umxube ixutywe namanzi ide igudile, ikhokelela kumxube opinki wenyama opinki onombala kunye nokungaguquguquki kwendawo yokutyela engafunekiyo ethambileyo iphaka iayisi khrimu. Kwaye ekubeni indalo iyithiyile i-wiener eyomileyo, amanzi ongezelelweyo afumana ukufumana ukungqinelana kweslurry kanye ngokuchanekileyo.
Umxube wenyama ucocekile kwakhona kweli nqanaba, kwaye umoya ogqithisileyo kwibhotile yenja eshushu ekhutshiweyo ukhutshiwe ngaphandle kwenyama ukwenzela ukuba inja eshushu igqityiwe ibe yoshinyeneyo kwaye ibe nokuqina okuqinileyo. Ukusuka apho, iya koomatshini bokufaka, ukunika izinja ezishushu imilo yazo eqhelekileyo efanelekileyo kwiibhanti.
I-puree ifakwe kwiselulose casings
Ifoto nguScott Olson / Getty Izithombe Ngelixa izinja ezishushu zendalo (ezenziwe ngokwesiqhelo ukucoca amathumbu zeegusha okanye zegusha) ziyakhula ekuthandeni, enkosi kwinxalenye yazo ngokukhawuleza , Ezona ntengiso zinkulu zithengisa inja eUnited States zihlala zingenalusu. Kodwa nokuba baphelela kwiishelufa zevenkile ezinkulu okanye hayi, ukubeka isosi yenyama esulungekileyo linyathelo elikhulu kwinkqubo yokuvelisa; yile nto inika izinja ezishushu imilo yazo yokutyikitya.
Emva kwayo yonke loo nyama yepinki ibetter ipasile uhlolo, iyafakwa kwi ukugxunyeka oluzenzekelayo kunye nokuqhagamshela umatshini . Inyama iqhunyisiwe kuxinzelelo oluphezulu kwi-tube-emile, iiseli zeselulosi (ezenziwe nge izinto zokwenziwa ), Ezithi ke emva koko zigqwetheke ngokuthe ngqo ukuvelisa umtya omde wezinja ezishushu ngokulinganayo. Inqanaba lokuveliswa kwaba matshini liyakhawuleza ngokukhawuleza; enyanisweni, kuyayithatha nje 35 imizuzwana ukuvelisa ikhonkco lezinja ezishushu ixesha elide kungade kubude bebala lebhola ekhatywayo ... kabini.
Izinja ezishushu zibhaka kwii-oveni ezinkulu zokuhambisa
Ifoto nguScott Olson / Getty Izithombe Emva kokufakwa kwii-cellulose casings zabo kwaye bajijile ubude obuchanekileyo (ihlala iphantse ibe zii-intshi ezintlanu), izinja ezishushu zisafuna ukuphekwa ngokupheleleyo ngaphambi kokuba ziye kwinqanaba elilandelayo kwinkqubo yokuvelisa.
Okwangoku imisonto yenja eshushu ilayishwa kwii-racks ezinkulu zokuhambisa kwaye ziqala ukuqengqeleka kwisitya somsi ongamanzi ngaphambi kokuya kwi-oveni eneendawo zokupheka ezininzi. Apha, zilungile kuphekiwe phantsi kobushushu obulawulwayo kunye nokufuma, kwaye wonke umsi wamanzi unethuba lokugcwala kwindawo yokufumana ukongeza incasa ngelixa ubhaka.
Emva kokuba inkqubo yokupheka igqityiwe, izinja ezishushu ezivela ehovini zifumana ishawa enye, ngeli xesha ngamanzi abandayo anetyuwa, enceda ukuwisa ngokukhawuleza iqondo lobushushu kwaye ubalungiselele ukupakisha. Kodwa kuqala kufuneka sijongane nezo zingenakutyiwa zeselulosi ...
Isitampu sisuswe ngokukhupha umphunga
Emva kokupheka nokupholisa, amakhonkco enja eshushu ashukunyiswa ngokudlulisa kumatshini wokuxobuka ngokuzenzekelayo, ukubasusa kwiselfowuni. Nje ukuba babethe i-peeler, iiseli zeselulosi zisikwa zivulwe ngemela encinci, emva koko izinja ezishushu ziyaqhushumba Ukuqhuma kobushushu obuphezulu , ethi icime i-casing kwaye ishiye nje inja eshushu ehamba ze ishiyekileyo.
Konke oku kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza okukhulu kunakuthathe ixesha nokuba ufunde eso sivakalisi; umatshini oqhelekileyo oshushu wokukhangela inja unokuqhubekeka ngaphezulu kwezinja ezingama-700 ezishushu ngomzuzu (okanye malunga ne-11-1 / 2 izinja ezishushu ngomzuzwana), uzidubule ngokukhawuleza ngomlilo kwelinye icala lomatshini oxobukayo njenge-firehose ehambisa umlambo onzima izinja ezishushu endaweni yamanzi, ebezithi, ngendlela, ibinokungasebenzi ngokukodwa ukugcina indlu ingatshi, kodwa imnandi kunjalo.
Izinja ezishushu zivavanyelwa iziphene
Ifoto nguScott Olson / Getty Izithombe Emva kokutshaya, ukufumana isitshizi sabo sokupholisa amanzi anika ubomi anetyuwa, kunye nokuhluthwa istili sabo, izinja ezishushu ezigqityiweyo zihamba ngebhanti lokuhambisa apho zifumana khona uhlolo lokugqibela . Izinja ezishushu zifumana itshekhi yolawulo lomgangatho ukuqinisekisa ukuba zinobunzima obufanelekileyo, kwaye kuphela yityhubhu yenyama enokuthi ithathelwe ingqalelo engenasiphako (eli ligama esilisebenzisa ngokukhululekileyo, ngoku xa sisazi ukuba yintoni ngaphakathi kubo) ukuyenza kolu vavanyo lokugqibela lokulawula umgangatho, ngaphambi kokuba idluliselwe ukupakishwa.
Izinja ezishushu ezonakalisiweyo, ezaphukileyo, okanye eziqwengileyo nanini na kwinkqubo zitsalwa emgceni kwaye zithintelwe ukuba zingene kwinkqubo yokupakisha, ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke iipakethe zezinja ezishushu ozivulekileyo zebheyi yasemva ziyangqinelana, zigqibelele, kwaye zilungile ukubetha i-grill. Ngenxa yokunyaniseka? Ukuba ukhe wavula ipakethe yezinja ezishushu ukuze ufumane isitshixo esonakeleyo, esine-shredded, ngekhe uphinde uluthenge olo hlobo.
Izinja ezishushu zipakishwe kwaye zithunyelwa ezivenkileni
Ah, inyathelo lokugqibela, nini izinja ezishushu bangaqala inxenye yokugqibela yohambo lwabo ukusuka 'kwimfumba yeenkunkuma zenyama' ukuya kwimveliso egqityiweyo, bahlala kuyo yonke into epholileyo kwaye emnandi kwibhanti etshisiweyo kwibarbeyi yakho yangasemva. Emva kokuba iiseli zeselulosi zisusiwe kwaye izinja ezishushu ezigqityiweyo zifumana uvavanyo lokugqibela lokujonga umgangatho, izinja ezishushu zenza indlela yazo kumatshini wokupakisha. Apha, izinja ezishushu zilapha kubekwe ngomgca kwimakhishithi yefilimu eprintiweyo eprintiweyo nayo yonke imizobo kunye nentengiso yecaptrap exhaphake kwizinja ezinkulu. Ifilimu isongelwe ngaphaya kwaye yatywinwa ukuze kugcinwe incasa yezinja ezishushu kunye nokwandisa ubomi babo beshelfu, emva koko zithunyelwe kumatshini wokunyathela, oprinta umhla omtsha kwiphakheji nganye.
Umahluko phakathi kweerusset kunye neetapile zeedida
Emva kokupakisha, izinja ezishushu ezigqityiweyo zitshintshelwa koomatshini bamanqindi, zilayishwe kwiipelethi, zize zithunyelwe kwiilori ezifrijiweyo kwiivenkile ezinkulu, ukuze zilayishwe kwiinqwelo zokuthenga zityhalele phantsi iigullets zeentsapho kwilizwe liphela. Yonke le nkqubo ingabonakala ngathi luhambo olude, olunzima, kodwa konke kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza okukhulu; Kuthatha nje iiyure ezimbalwa ukwenza ibhetshi nganye yezinja ezishushu, ukusukela ngexesha inyama iqala ukungena kumzi-mveliso, ukuya kuthi ga kwimveliso egqityiweyo emnandi ifakwe ebhokisini kwaye ithunyelwe ngaphandle.
