Amaqanda eza neelebheli ezininzi, ukusuka kwivenkile ethengisa ukutya okune generic ukuya kumaqanda angenazindlu zikhoyi, nokusuka kuluhlu lwamahala ukuya kumaqanda atyiswa ngengca. Awona maqanda athengiweyo awanazo ikheyiji, nangona ityiwa ngengca okanye ikheyiji engenazinto iya kuba nezibonelelo ezifanayo kwezempilo, njengoko umahluko ophambili kubomi benkukhu.
Ukuveliswa kwamaqanda, njengomthetho, akunamdla wenkukhu engqondweni. Ngenxa yoko, uninzi lweenkukhu lukhuliswa ngeendlela uninzi lwazo olungenakuzijonga njengoluntu.
Iifama zefektri zezona zikhulu kakhulu iinkukhu (nge Ukutya kakuhle ). Iinkuku zikwiikhetshi zebhetri ezijikeleze ubungakanani be-microwave enuka i-ammonia, kwaye zixinene kwiphiko-to-iphiko kunye nezinye ezintlanu iinkukhu. Iibhanti zokutya ziqengqeleka zidlule, zifuna ukuba iinkukhu zikhuphe iintloko zazo kwiikhetshi ukuze zifumane ukutya. Izikhukukazi zime kwiikheyiji zazo imini yonke. Bazicoca ngomgangatho wocingo osusa inkunkuma, kwaye abanandawo yokuhamba kakhulu okanye ukusasaza amaphiko abo. Iinkukhu zihlala zihlamba uthuli ukuze zisebenze ukungcola ngeentsiba zazo, kodwa azinasithuba sokwenza oko apha, nokuba. Ngobomi babo obufutshane, amathambo eenkukhu aqala ukuba nochuku ngenxa yokungahambi kwaye iintsiba zawo ziya kukhukuliseka zingatyiwa ngamacala ekheyiji. Xa isikhukukazi sineeveki ezingama-78 ubudala, iyakuba yile nto abavelisi beenkuku beyibiza ngokuba 'ngabantu' ukwenza indawo yebhetshi entsha yenkukhu.
Ubomi benkukhu yefektri
Malunga neepesenti ezingama-97 zeenkukhu ezizalela amaqanda eUnited States zikhuliswa kwezi kheyiji zincinci. Abavelisi be-Egg abaManyeneyo (i-UEP), ubuncinci bemigangatho, efuna inyani yenkukhu nganye ibeneesentimitha ezingama-67, isilinganiselo esincinci kunephepha eliqhelekileyo lephepha. Eyona nto ixhalabisayo, i-UEP iqikelela ukuba malunga neepesenti ezili-15 zeenkukhu zikhuliswa ngamafama angayifikeleliyo loo migangatho (nge Vox ).
Ukudityaniswa (hayi ipun, ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwebinzana) kuloo ndawo incinci ibangela ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kwinkqubo yokubeka amaqanda. Iinkuku zihlala zibekela amaqanda kwindawo apho zinezimfihlo zazo. 'Eyona nto intle kakhulu apho inkukhu ibhetri ibhencwe khona kukungakwazi ukuthatha umhlala phantsi,' utshilo uKonrad Lorenz, ingcali ye-Nobel Laureate ethologist (umntu ofunda ngokuziphatha kwezilwanyana). 'Kukhathaza ngokwenene ukubukela indlela inkukhu ezama ngayo kaninzi ukukhasa ngaphantsi kwamanye amaqabane ayo ayokukhangela apho ilize.
Zintathu ezinye iindidi zeekheji ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe ngamafama endaweni yezi zithintelayo: Iinkqubo zeentaka, iinkqubo zoovimba, kunye 'nokutyetyiswa kweekheji.' Inkqubo ye-aviary ibonelela ngeesentimitha ezili-144 zesithuba somgangatho wenkukhu nganye, okanye ii-intshi ezingama-240 zomgangatho odityanisiweyo kunye nomgangatho. Iinkukhu zigcinwa kumanqanaba amaninzi kwindawo ezaliswe zizidleke, isarfusi, kunye nenkunkuma. Zibanjelwe kumaqela amakhulu, nokuba yindawo yasimahla.
Umahluko kwiindlela zokufama
Iinkqubo zeBarn zinika inkuku nganye engama-200 eesentimitha zomgangatho wendawo kodwa zineendlwana, inkunkuma, kunye notyiwayo olunamaqela amakhulu eenkukhu. Ngaphandle kokongezwa kweesentimitha ezingama-56 zesikwere sendawo yomgangatho, olunye udibaniso oluphambili ziipherches.
Inkqubo ephucukileyo yekheji inika inkukhu nganye i-116 ye-intshi yesikwere. Iinkukhu zigcinwa ngokwamaqela amancinci zinendawo yokuhlala, indawo yokuhlamba uthuli, kunye neepherches.
Iinkqubo zeAviary kunye neenkqubo zokugcina zingaqinisekisa ukufikelela ngaphandle, zibenze 'uluhlu lwamahala,' ngokwelebheli kwivenkile yokutya. E-United States, abavelisi bamaqanda e-organic kufuneka babonelele ukufikelela kwangaphandle kwiinkukhu.
Izikhukukazi ezingenazo ikheyi, nangona kunjalo, zinokuhamba, zisasaze amaphiko azo, kwaye zibeke amaqanda azo kwindlwana-imisebenzi enqatshelwe kwizikhukhukazi kwiikhetshi zebhetri. Isikhukukazi esingenazindlu zihlala zihlala kwimihlambi emikhulu yamawaka eenkukhu. Nangona kunjalo, ngekhe baphume baye ngaphandle. Uninzi lweenkukhu ezingenazindlu zihlala kwiifama eziqinisekiswe ngumntu wesithathu, ezifuna iindawo zokuhlala kunye neendawo zokuhlamba uthuli ( Umbutho woLuntu ).
Amaqanda angenayo ikheyiji anomngcipheko omncinci wesifo
Ileyibhile 'yendalo' inokuthwala umthwalo nayo. Abavelisi bendalo abavumelekanga ukubonelela ngee-amino acid zokwenziwa eziphucula impilo yeenkukhu. Banqandekile ekusebenziseni kwabo i-antibiotic. Amafama akanakunyanga izilwanyana ezigulayo ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane emva koko azithengise njengeziphilayo. Oku kuhlala kukhokelela ekubeni amafama angazinyangi iinkukhu ezigulayo, eshiya iinkukhu zisokola.
ivelaphi.rum evela
Ukuhamba ngaphaya komcimbi wobuntu, kukho inkxalabo enkulu yezokhuseleko ngamaqanda abekwe ziinkukhu angenazo ikheyi. Igunya loKhuseleko loKutya laseYurophu lifumanise ukuba i-salmonella iphindwe kahlanu amathuba okubakho kwiinkqubo zekheji xa kuthelekiswa neenkqubo ezisimahla. Isizathu sokuncipha komngcipheko kwiinkqubo ezingenakho kheyiji kunokwenzeka ngenxa yokudityaniswa kweenkqubo ezingenazo ikheyi zicocekile, zineempuku ezimbalwa ezinokuthwala izifo, iinkqubo ngokwazo kulula ukuzicoca nokubulala iintsholongwane, iinkukhu Iintyatyambo zendalo zininzi, kwaye zixinekile, zibenza ukuba bangabi sengozini yokugula. Amaqanda aphuma kwezi nkukhu nawo anamaqondo asezantsi entsalela yemichiza evela kwizibulali zinambuzane kunye noxinaniso olusezantsi lokungcoliseka okufana ne-dioxin, kunye nokuhlaselwa ziinambuzane ezimbalwa (nge Indawo yenkukhu ).
Kuya kufuneka utye amaqanda angenazo ikheyiji. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba babe sempilweni kwaye bakhuseleke, kwaye iinkukhu zinobomi obonwabisayo nobunobuntu.
