Ukugcina amanqanaba akho e-cholesterol kuluhlu olusempilweni kunokunciphisa umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo. Ukwazi amanani akho e-cholesterol yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokunyamekela intliziyo yakho. Apha, sihlahlela ukuba amanani akho e-cholesterol athetha ukuthini kwaye amanqanaba e-cholesterol asempilweni angamadoda, abasetyhini kunye nabantwana.
Yintoni ICholesterol?
I-Cholesterol yinto ene-waxy efumaneka kuzo zonke iiseli zomzimba. Uyayidinga ukwenza ivithamin D, iihomoni kunye nezinye izinto. Enyanisweni, umzimba wakho wenza yonke i-cholesterol oyifunayo. Kodwa ukutya esikutyayo kusenokuba ne cholesterol. I-cholesterol yokutya ifumaneka kuphela kwiimveliso zezilwanyana, ezifana nenyama, itshizi kunye namaqanda. Izityalo kunye neeoli zezityalo azinayo i-cholesterol.
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ICholesterol ithwalwa ngomzimba high-density lipoproteins (HDL) kunye ne-low-density lipoproteins (LDL). I-LDL ithathwa njenge-cholesterol 'embi' kuba ibeka i-plaque kwimithambo yakho. I-HDL 'ilungile' kuba ihambisa i-cholesterol embi esuka kwimithambo ibuyisele esibindini sakho, apho ithi isuswe emzimbeni. Abantu abane-cholesterol eninzi ye-LDL basengozini enkulu yokuba nesifo sentliziyo, ngoxa iHDL ephakamileyo ikhusela isifo sentliziyo.
Amanqanaba aphezulu eCholesterol
I-Genetics kunye nokutya kunokubangela i-cholesterol ye-LDL ephezulu. Abanye abantu bafumana ilifa lemizila yemfuza ebangela ukuba imizimba yabo yenze i-LDL eninzi kakhulu, kodwa ukutya ukutya okuninzi okunamafutha atyumkileyo nanamafutha (cinga: itshizi, inyama ebomvu nokutya okuqhotsiweyo) nako kunokunyusa iLDL. Ngoko ke, ukutshintsha ukutya kwakho kunokunciphisa i-cholesterol ye-LDL-kodwa ukuba unembali yentsapho ye-cholesterol ephezulu, ukutshintsha ukutya kwakho kungenzi umehluko.
I-cholesterol eninzi ye-LDL iyingozi kuba inokwakheka njenge-plaque kwimithambo yakho. Ukuba i-plaque iyaqhekeka kudonga lomthambo inokwenza ihlwili kwigazi lakho, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuhlaselweni yintliziyo okanye sistroke. Yiyo loo nto oogqirha bekhathalele amanqanaba akho e-cholesterol kwaye kutheni kufuneka nawe. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, uluntu lwezonyango luye lwasuka ekugxileni kuphela kumanani e-cholesterol kwaye endaweni yoko lugxile kwindlela yokunciphisa umngcipheko wesifo senhliziyo. ICholesterol ngomnye nje wemiba emininzi esemngciphekweni wesifo sentliziyo. Ukutshaya, isifo seswekile kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kwandisa ingozi yesifo senhliziyo, ngoko ugqirha wakho unokugxila ekulawuleni ezi meko kuqala, nokuba i-cholesterol yakho iphezulu.
Oogqirha basebenzisa i- isixhobo sokubala kwi-intanethi eyenziwe yi-American Heart Association ukumisela umngcipheko womntu wokuba nesifo senhliziyo kwiminyaka eyi-10 ezayo. 'Ukuba umngcipheko wakho weminyaka eli-10 uphantsi, ngoko akunamsebenzi nokuba yintoni i-cholesterol yakho,' utsho uBryan Woodward, MD, ugqirha weentsapho kwiSiginesha yezeMpilo eCharlotte, eNorth Carolina. 'Imeko eyahlukileyo kukuba i-LDL yomntu ingaphezulu kwe-190 mg/dL.' Ngakolunye uhlangothi, 'Ukuba umngcipheko uphezulu, ngoko isigulane siqinisekisa ukujonga kakuhle ukuba ngaba kufuneka baphathwe nge-statin [iyeza elinciphisa i-cholesterol],' utsho uWoodward. I-Statins ayigcini nje ukunciphisa i-cholesterol, kodwa ibonakaliswe ukunciphisa umngcipheko weziganeko zentliziyo, ngaphandle kokuba zingakanani. cholesterol ephantsi .'
Amanqanaba eCholesterol kuMadoda nakwabaseTyhini
Isifo sentliziyo ngumbulali ophambili wamadoda nabafazi eUnited States. Amadoda amaninzi anesifo sentliziyo kunabasetyhini, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba wonke umntu agcine intliziyo yakhe isempilweni. Uluhlu lwe-cholesterol enempilo luyafana kumadoda nabasetyhini (jonga ngezantsi), kwaye amaZiko ezeMpilo eSizwe acebisa ukuba wonke umntu oneminyaka engama-20 nangaphezulu ahlolwe i-cholesterol yakhe rhoqo emva kweminyaka emihlanu.
Nangona kunjalo, oogqirha abaninzi basebenzisa izikhokelo ezibekwe yi Iqela leeNkonzo zoThintelo zase-U.S (USPSTF), iphaneli yeengcali zempilo epapasha iingcebiso zokuhlola. Ngokusekelwe kubungqina beklinikhi bamva nje, i-USPSTF incoma ukuba bonke abantu bahlolisise i-cholesterol yabo ukususela kwiminyaka eyi-35, kodwa ukuba banomngcipheko ophezulu wesifo senhliziyo ukuqala ukukhangela kwangaphambili. I-USPSTF incoma ukuba abafazi bafumane i-cholesterol yabo ilinganiswe kuphela ukuba banomngcipheko wesifo senhliziyo esisekwe kwezinye izinto.
Amanqanaba eCholesterol ebantwaneni
I-USPSTF ayicebisi ukuhlolwa kwe-cholesterol yesiqhelo kubantwana, kodwa I-American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) icebisa bonke abantwana abaphakathi kweminyaka eyi-9 kunye ne-11 ukuba bahlolwe i-cholesterol, ngenxa yokukhula kobhubhani wokutyeba kwabantwana. UWoodward uthi, 'Ukuba umntwana ukhuluphele (BMI> 30) okanye kukho imbali yentsapho eqinile ye-hyperlipidemia, ngoko ndincoma ukuhlolwa kwexesha elilodwa ebusheni ukuchonga abo baphakamileyo kakhulu kwaye banokukhawuleza ukubeka iliso elisondeleyo.'
Noko ke, ubonisa ukuba kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba umntwana abe nesifo sentliziyo ekubeni kuthatha iminyaka emininzi i cholesterol eninzi ukubangela isifo sentliziyo. 'Endaweni yoko, ukuhlola abantwana kusinceda ukuba sichonge abo bantwana banokuba semngciphekweni kwaye bangazuza kutshintsho lwendlela yokuphila ikakhulu ukunyanga okanye ukuthintela ukutyeba,' utshilo, njengokwenza abantwana basebenze ngakumbi kwaye batye ukutya okunempilo.
Iindidi zeKholesterol esempilweni
Oogqirha balinganisa amanqanaba e-cholesterol ngovavanyo olulula lwegazi olubizwa ngokuba yi-lipoprotein panel okanye ipaneli ye-lipid. Ilinganisa i-cholesterol epheleleyo, i-cholesterol ye-LDL, i-cholesterol ye-HDL kunye ne-triglycerides. I-Triglycerides luhlobo lwamafutha egazini lakho kwaye ludityaniswa nomngcipheko okhulayo wokuhlaselwa yintliziyo kunye nesifo sohlangothi. Ungadli nantoni na kwiiyure ezingama-9-12 ngaphambi kovavanyo lweziphumo ezilungileyo.
Uluhlu lweCholesterol yabantu abadala
Iyonke iCholesterol (mg/dL):
| <200 | Ngokufanelekileyo |
| 200-239 | Umda uphezulu |
| ≥240 | Phezulu |
I-LDL Cholesterol (mg/dL):
| <100 | Ngokufanelekileyo |
| 100-129 | Ikufutshane neyona nto ilungileyo |
| 130-159 | Umda uphezulu |
| 160–189 | Phezulu |
| ≥190 | Phezulu kakhulu |
I-HDL Cholesterol (mg/dL):
| <40 men, <50 women | Phantsi |
| ≥60 | Ngokufanelekileyo |
I-Triglycerides (mg/dL):
| <150 | Okuqhelekileyo |
| 150-199 | Umda uphezulu |
| 200-499 | Phezulu |
| ≥500 | Phezulu kakhulu |
Uluhlu lweCholesterol yabantwana
Iyonke iCholesterol (mg/dL):
| <170 | Yamkelekile |
| 170-199 | Umda |
| 200 | Phezulu |
I-LDL Cholesterol (mg/dL):
| <110 | Yamkelekile |
| 110-129 | Umda |
| 130 | Phezulu |
Umgca ongezantsi
Nangona i-cholesterol ibalulekile, yenye yezinto ezininzi ezimisela umngcipheko wokuba nesifo senhliziyo. Kuyinzuzo ukwazi amanqanaba akho e-cholesterol, kodwa kunokuba luncedo ukwazi umngcipheko wakho we-10 weminyaka yokuphuhlisa isifo senhliziyo. Kwixesha elizayo xa ukugqirha, bacele ukuba bakujonge ngokupheleleyo impilo yakho equka yonke imingcipheko yakho. Awukwazi ukulawula iminyaka yakho, isini okanye imbali yosapho, kodwa unokulawula ukutya kwakho, umthambo, ubunzima kunye nezinye izinto zokuphila.
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