Kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni enye into oyithandayo okanye uyayithiya ngekhitshi, mhlawumbi unayo ibhotile ye-ketchup efrijini kunye ne-backup okanye ezimbini kwiikhabhathi. Kukho into enje ngale nto yokutya eyenza ukuba ibe yinxalenye exabisekileyo yayo nayiphi na ikhitshi, kodwa, masinyaniseke, uzibuze nokuba kube kanye kutheni le nto ihlala ibizwa ngokuba yi 'tomato' ketchup. Oko kubonakala ngathi kufanele ukuba kunikwe, kodwa bekungasoloko kunjalo. Kuyavela ukuba i-ketchup ibinendlela ende, engaqhelekanga, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha enempikiswano yokuba sisiqhelo esithandwayo namhlanje.
ibhola yebhola yeyeza i-starbucks
Ivela eAsia kwaye ekuqaleni yayiyintlanzi
I-Ketchup yayingazalwanga kwitamatato, kwaye i-ketchup kwiifom zayo zokuqala kwakungekho nto efana nebhotile yokulunga ogcina efrijini. Xa uprofesa waseStanford waqala ukulandelela uhambo lwe-ketchup, wafumanisa ukuba ukuqala kwakubuyela e-Asiya yamandulo. UNjingalwazi Dan Jurafsky ifumanise ukuba i-tomato ketchup ikwisebe elinye lomthi wosapho, kwaye isinongo sayo saqala njengentlanzi ebilisiweyo. Siyazi kuba ufumene umbongo obhaliweyo malunga nesiko lokwenza incindi eshinyeneyo evela kwintlanzi enegwele (kunye nezinye izidlo) ukuze zisetyenziswe njengevumba - okanye isinongo, ukuba uyathanda.
Ngokomxholo wembali osuka ku-544, ukufunyanwa kwentlanzi ebilisiweyo yeentlanzi kwavela kumlawuli waseHan owathumela ummeli wakhe wayokukhangela umthombo wephunga elimangalisayo awayelivumba. Loo mthombo yayiyimfumba yeentlanzi ezilahliweyo ezazigutyungelwe luthuli zaza zashiyeka zibola. Kuyamangalisa. Ukusuka apho kwafika iresiphi yesinye seetchup zokuqala, ezibandakanya isisu, isinyi, kunye namathumbu entlanzi, enetyiwa eninzi kwaye ishiyeke engqayini ukuze ibile. Malunga neentsuku ezingama-50 (okanye iintsuku ezili-100 ebusika okanye ezingama-20 kwilanga elitshisayo lasehlotyeni), uya kuba nayo into oyithandayo.
Ngokuthe ngcembe, iintlanzi kunye nenyama ziye zanikezela ekuthandeni ukubila ezinye izinto, njengeembotyi zesoya. Igama elithi 'ketchup' lavela emva kwexesha, kwaye uJurafsky wafumanisa ukuba ngamanye amaxesha ngenkulungwane ye-18 amagama athi 'ge-tchup,' 'kue-chiap,' kunye 'ke-tchup' abhalwa kwizichazi magama zaseNtshona abathunywa bevangeli. Urhwebo kamva lwazisa umbono waseNtshona, kwaye ngoo-1740 Iinguqulelo ezahlukeneyo zeketchup zazikho kuyo yonke iYurophu, zenziwa zathandwa nangakumbi kukufika kweziqholo kunye nesinongo.
UJane Austen wayethanda i-walc ketchup
I-Ketchup yayenziwe kuqala kuzo zonke iintlobo zezinto eziphambeneyo ezijongeka ngokupheleleyo nangaphandle ngokupheleleyo kwamehlo anamhlanje. Awunakuze ucinge ngoJane Austen ngendlela efanayo xa usazi ukuba wayenomdla othile kwi-ketchup: i-walnut ketchup. Cinga ngokuthatha kwakhe ikhefu ekubhaleni Ikratshi nomkhethe isuntsu leetchup zelnut elidityaniswe kwisiqwenga sesonka. Kuya kufuneka ukuba ndiyikhethe ngokucacileyo.
Xa u-Austen kunye nomama wakhe behlala kwindlu encinci e-Chawton, umhlobo wakhe u-Martha Lloyd wayehlala nabo. ULloyd wagcina incwadi yasekhaya , kwaye inikwe ukuqonda okuninzi kwimihla ngemihla yobomi ngelo xesha. Okubandakanyiweyo kule ncwadi yindlela yakhe yokwenza i-walnut ketchup, ebandakanya ukugaya i-walnuts kwi-paste kwaye uyixube neviniga netyuwa. Emva kokuvumba kangangeentsuku ezisibhozo, yayiza kubiliswa, ixinwe, kwaye inongwe ngejinja, ii-clove, i-nutmeg, ipepile, i-horseradish kunye ne-shallots.
Izandi zimnandi! Ukuba unomdla ngokwaneleyo ukuba ungazama ukuzenzela le nto, Hunter, Angler, Isitiya, Pheka unayo iresiphi onokuzama ngayo . Kodwa qaphela ukuba kufuneka idala malunga nonyaka ngaphambi kokuba ilunge.
I-ketchup yamakhowe iseyinto eYurophu
Ngethuba leengcamango zaseAsia ze-ketchup zenze iYurophu, abapheki abanomdla bafumana zonke iindlela zokuzenza. Ngenkulungwane ye-18, i-mushroom ketchup yayiyeyona nto ibalulekileyo, kwaye ukuba kunjalo intloko kwiTesco namhlanje , usenokuyifumana kwiishelufa.
Umbono wokusebenzisa amakhowa kwi-ketchup yayisuselwe kwinto eyayisenziwa ngabantu baseYurophu kwakude kudala ngaphambi kokuba umntu waseYurophu eve nge ketchup: amakhowe afunxiweyo. Kwenye indawo apha endleleni, umntu waqonda ukuba ulwelo oluvela ekukhetheni amakhowa lunokusetyenziswa kwakhona. Ngoncedo oluncinci, yaba yi-mushroom ketchup.
endaweni yeeapileuce ezingena swekile
Ukuba unomdla malunga nale, umpheki waseBritane uNigel Slater uze nayo ukuthatha okwangoku kwi-mushroom ketchup , kodwa ayenzelwanga ukuba ityhafe intliziyo. Ngaphandle kwamakhowa, ikwafuna izinto ezinjengee-anchovies, iviniga, iviniga kunye neegherkins. (Ukulunga, ayisiyonto ingaqhelekanga kunesosi yaseWorcestershire.)
Inguqulelo yetumato yathathwa njengeyeza
Ngexesha le-ketchup lalisenza kunxweme lwaseMelika, yayisele ifumene olunye utshintsho. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, i-tomato ketchup kunye ne-tomato sauce zazifana ngokufanayo, kwaye umahluko omkhulu kukuphila ixesha elide. Kwakukho iiresiphi ezizigidi kunye nenye ezapapashwa zokwenza iitumato ketchup yakho, kodwa imveliso yafumana ukonyuka okungenakulindeleka ekuthandeni ugqirha ogama UJohn Cook Bennett .
Kunye neendlela zakhe zokupheka i-ketchup kunye nezinye iimveliso zetumato, wapapasha uncwadi oluninzi malunga nezibonelelo zezempilo zokutya iitumato rhoqo. Watsho ukuba bathintela ikholera kwaye lolona nyango lulungileyo, siza kuthi, kukubandezeleka kwamathumbu. Uye wathi uqinisekile ukuba ngenye imini isicatshulwa setumato siyakusetyenziswa njengonyango, kwaye bubungqina bakhe obonyusa iitumato kwiradar yokutya yaseMelika. Kude kube lelo xesha, iitumato zazingaphazanyiswanga ngabantu abaninzi, kodwa nini amaphephandaba kwilizwe liphela wawathatha amabango akhe okuthi iitumato- kunye neetchup- yayinyango elingummangaliso, kwakungekho kujonga ngasemva.
Ekuqaleni yayiyinxila entle
Akunakwenzeka ukuxelela ukuba ngubani owaqala ukukhubeka kumbono wokwenza i-ketchup kwiitumato, kodwa siyazi enye yeendlela zokupheka zokuqala zetumato ketchup ukuya ku-1812. Kwavela kugqirha ogama linguJames Mease, owathi ulufumene olu luvo IsiFrentshi. (Ababhali-mbali bacinga ukuba wayethetha ngeembacu zaseHaiti.) Iresiphi yakhe iyaphawuleka ngenxa yezizathu ezimbalwa, kwaye eyokuqala kukuba akazange athi ziitumato: wazibiza ngokuba ziiapile zothando. Okwesibini kukuba wabiza utywala , kwaye yayingenguye yedwa. Kuyo yonke inkulungwane ye-19, uninzi lweendlela zokupheka iitumato ketchup zazifuna izinto ezinje ngebranti njengeyona nto iphambili, kwaye enye iresiphi yango-1901 yade yacacisa ukuba kuyo yonke igaloni yomxube weketibhu kufanele ukongeza ikota yewayini ebomvu.
I-Ketchup yaba sisinongo esingesosotywala xa ukhetho lwethu oluhlangeneyo lokudibana luguqulela kwicala elimnandi. Utywala neswekile khange zidibane, kwaye ukusebenzisa izongezo ukucothisa ukuvundisa kwavalwa ngo-1906. Xa unomdla wokwazi, nangona (kwaye uyazi ukuba unguye), Nantsi iresiphi yesetchup efuna idosi esempilweni ye-bourbon, ngoncedo lwe-Epicurious.
Kutheni iibhotile ze-ketchup zicacile?
Imifanekiso kaGetty Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba kutheni iibhotile ketchup iglasi ecacileyo okanye iplastiki ? Mhlawumbi uqhele ukubona ezo bhotile zicacileyo ukuba awucingi nto ngazo. Kukho isizathu sokuba zonke zicace, kwaye ubuyela embindini wenkulungwane ye-19.
Phakathi kwe-1800s, ukuveliswa kokutya kokuthengisa kwakusanda. Kwimeko yetumato ketchup, yayiyinto enobungozi. Iitamatisi ezintsha zinexesha elifutshane lokukhula-ukusuka phakathi ku-Agasti ukuya phakathi ku-Okthobha-kwaye ngelo xesha, zazingekho zininzi iindlela ezingenangqondo zokugcina ukutya kutsha emva kokukhetha. Ngenxa yokuba imfuno ye-ketchup yayingunyaka wonke, iitumato ezazitsalwa kwindawo yokugcina ukuze zisetyenziswe kwi-ketchup zazihlala zineenyanga ubudala. Ukuba oko kuvakala kungathandeki, bekunjalo. I-ketchup ngokukodwa yafumana igama lokuba izaliswe zonke iintlobo zobubi, ukusuka kwisikhunta ukuya kwiibhaktheriya. Izilondolozo ezisetyenzisiweyo bezingangcono kakhulu, kwaye abanye abavelisi baqala ukongeza izinto ezinjenge tar yamalahle ukugcina i-ketchup ebomvu kunye ne-semi-fresh.
Ngaba ipanera iyazenzela isonka
Ngexesha uHenry J. Heinz aqala ukwenza i-ketchup yakhe, yayisaziwa ngokuba kukutya ekufuneka ukrokrela ngako. Cue iibhotile ezicacileyo. UHeinz wayezidla kakhulu ngokucoceka kweefektri zakhe kangangokuba wade wabanika ukhenketho. Emva koko wahamba inyathelo elingaphaya kwaye wafaka ibhotile yakhe ngendlela eya kuthi ibonakalise abathengi ukuba izinto zakhe ziyinto yokwenyani.
I-Ketchup iyamangalisa ukwenza lula ekhaya
I-Ketchup mhlawumbi isisitofu esinjalo owaziyo ngokuthe ngqo ukuba kusele kangakanani kwaye kulungile xa kufuneka uthabathe enye ibhotile. Iinkampani ezinje ngeHeinz ziyinxalenye yenkcubeko yaseMelika ekusenokwenzeka ukuba awuzange ucinge nokucinga ngokuzama ukwenza i-ketchup yakho. Kodwa unokumangaliswa yindlela ekulula ngayo.
Le recipe evela Imnandi luza kukwenzela iibhotile ezimbini zezinto ezibomvu ezimnandi, kwaye ziya kuhlala zilungile kwiiyure nje ezimbalwa. Yenziwe kwi-allspice, chilies, igalikhi, iviniga ebomvu, itswele, iipepercorns, kunye nedash yeswekile emdaka, yindlela entle yokuzama into entsha. Kwaye ukuba unegadi kwaye uhlala uzibuze ukuba uza kwenza ntoni ngayo yonke iitumato ogcina nazo, le yindlela entle yokusebenzisa iqela lezinto ezintsha nezonwabisayo. (Nguwuphi umthandi we-ketchup ebomini bakho ongathandi ibhetshi yesi sipho?)
Kukho izinto ezininzi ezahlukileyo, nazo. Le recipe ukusuka Ukutya okuLungileyo kwe-BBC yenza ketchup kwicala spicier. NgeTabasco, i-allspice, isinamon, kunye negalikhi, ingaphezulu kokunyanga ngamanye amaxesha.
I-Ketchup kunye ne-etiquette yenja eshushu
I-Ketchup inokuba ithandwa kakhulu, kodwa ubuncinci kwisixeko esinye, kukucoca kakhulu. Banjwa ubeka i-ketchup kwinja eshushu eChicago, kwaye uya kuchongwa kwangoko njengomphambukeli. Abanye basenokude bakhubekiswe kukhetho lwakho.
EChicago, izinja ezitshisayo ezamkelekileyo zilu-mustard omthubi, i-tomato, i-pickle ye-dill, i-anyanisi, i-pepper, ityuwa encinci, kunye nolunye uphawu lwe-neon oluhlaza. Kodwa hayi ketchup. Xa ikhonkco lendawo iPortillo licebisa ukuba i-ketchup kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo njengamkelekileyo, nayo Iibhlog zokutya ezikwi-intanethi ziye zahamba ngamandongomane . Xa ifayile ye- IChicago Tribune baqhuba isiqwenga besithi ukukhanyela i-ketchup kubathandi bezinja ezishushu esixekweni kwakufana ' i-foodie fascism , 'yavuselela kuphela amadangatye.
Inkqubo ye- Tribune Ubaleke nesiqwenga sokwenyani, esinyanisekileyo sokwenza uphando lwe-ketchup, konke kusekwe kwihlabathi likaprofesa weYunivesithi yaseNyakatho-ntshona egama UBill Savage . U-Savage uzimisele ukufumana iingcambu zenzondo ye-ketchup, kwaye wafanisa inja eshushu engena-ketchup kwi icon yenkcubeko. Ayisiqhulo, kwaye ukhe wathetha kwiChicago Hot Dog Fest ngalo mbandela. Ngelixa kunokuba zininzi izinja ezishushu apho, mhlawumbi akukho nayiphi na ketchup.
Singayibiza ngokuba yimifuno?
Ngexesha lolawulo lukaReagan, amagosa aseburhulumenteni ayephikisana malunga nokuba yintoni inkqubo efanelekileyo yesidlo sasemini esikolweni. Ngelo xesha, enye yeengcebiso yayitshintsha ukuba ingaba unodoli we ketchup uza kuthathwa njengenxalenye yesibonelelo semifuno sasemini, kwaye ayothusi into yokuba abeendaba ubambe ibali wabaleka nalo . Akufuneki ukuba ithi, yonke le nto yahlangatyezwa ngaphandle kwengqumbo encinci evela macala onke, kubandakanya nezimvo ezivela kuSenator John Heinz. U-Heinz-ngubani, eneneni, oxhunywe kwinkampani ye-Heinz ketchup, wayecatshulwe esithi, 'I-Ketchup sisinongo.' Lo ngomnye wemimiselo ehlekisayo endakha ndeva ngayo, kwaye ndicinga ukuba akukho mfuneko yokuba ndongeze ukuba ndiyayazi into malunga ne-ketchup kwaye ndiyonwabele-okanye ndenze ngexesha elinye.
Inzululwazi emva kokuyigalela
Kungakhathaliseki ukuba uthanda kangakanani i-ketchup, mhlawumbi ushiye encinci kwibhotile ukuze uhlanjululwe ngaphambi kokuba uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde ukweleze, kungakhathaliseki ukuba uthanda kangakanani i-ketchup, mhlawumbi ushiye encinci kwibhotile ukuze uhlanjululwe ngaphambi kokuphinda uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde ukweleze, kungakhathaliseki ukuba uthanda kangakanani i-ketchup, mhlawumbi ushiye encinci kwibhotile ukuze uhlanjululwe ngaphambi kokuphinda uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde wukhwele. Ukuthulula i-ketchup kunokuba ngumceli mngeni kwiintsuku ezilungileyo, kwaye kukho isizathu sokuba kungumbandela wamagags angenakubalwa. U-Heinz wade wazisa iibhotile ezisezantsi ukunceda wena, kodwa kwenzeka ntoni apha sisayensi engaqhelekanga.
Ketchup ngu Ulwelo olungelolwaseNewtonian -Yophula imigaqo yendlela ulwelo kunye nezinto eziqinileyo ekufuneka zenziwe ngayo. I-ketchup zombini ilulwelo kwaye iqinile, kwaye iyatshintsha uxinano lwayo ngokusekwe kubungakanani boxinzelelo olusetyenzisiweyo kuyo. Uyazi ukuba i-ketchup ihamba njani ekubambeni kwibhotile ukuya kuthulula kuyo yonke indawo? Olo tshintsho kuxa luwele embundwini. Hlanganisa ibhotile ngaphaya kwaloo mda kwaye iba ngamawaka angama-1000 athambileyo kunokuba kunjalo kwelinye icala. Ngaba ungomnye wabo bantu ngokuthe chu kwaye ngononophelo udibanisa i-ketchup yakho ngaphandle kwebhotile? Umnqweno omhle! Inzululwazi ithi ayisebenzi kakhulu. Ikwathi eyona ndlela yokufumana i-ketchup yakho ishukumise ibhotile ngamandla amaxesha ambalwa, emva koko ususe isiciko kwaye uqalise ukugalela kwakamsinya emva koko. (Inyani emnandi: xa ishiywe ukuba igele ngokwendalo, i-ketchup inokufikelela kwisantya seenyawo ezili-147 ngeyure.)
Inzululwazi ikwafumana ezinye izisombululo kwingxaki ye-ketchup, njengokuphuhliswa kwento ethile ibizwa ngokuba Liquiglide . Xa isetyenziswe kwiibhotile, i-ketchup islayida ngaphandle. Okwangoku, kukho iqhinga elincinci elincinci oko kuya kunceda kwiibhotile zeglasi zakudala. Endaweni yokubetha emazantsi ebhotile, yibethe kufutshane nomphezulu. Indawo emnandi iphawulwe kuwe-yileyibhile engama-57 entanyeni. Thepha amaxesha ambalwa, kwaye uya kuqala ukuphendula ngokuthe ngcembe kwindawo yokutswina.
Kukho isizathu sokuba ucinge ngoHeinz
Imifanekiso kaGetty Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeesardard, i-barbecue sauces, kunye nezinye izondlo, kodwa xa kuziwa kwi-ketchup, kukho uHeinz. Ukusuka ekhaya ukuya kwiivenkile zokutyela, kukuya kwi-brand. Ngoba? Ngoku ka Ingcali ye ketchup u-Andrew F. Smith , U-Heinz akenzanga nje ukuba umzi-mveliso wakhe ucoceke kwaye nemveliso yakhe ibe icocekile- wenza iresiphi yafikelela kwimfezeko. Iindlela zokupheka zeKetchup zaziphelile, kodwa wayonyusa iviniga, wanyusa iswekile, kwaye wapakisha kwiitumato ezingaphezulu. Konke oku kusebenze kunye ukwenza indawo emnandi yokuvumba, ukuxuba ubumnandi kunye neasidi kunye ne-umami. I-Heinz ketchup igqityiwe ukuba ngumxube ogqibeleleyo ekungekho mntu wakwaziyo ukufana okwangoku.
Ngaba ukhilimu wesuphu yamakhowa usempilweni
Kodwa linda, kuninzi! Uphando lwentsimi lufumanise ukuba abantwana bathanda ngokukhethekileyo i-Heinz ketchup kuba yenza iincasa ezingaqhelekanga ngesiquphe zingcamle eziqhelekileyo. Kwaye xa abaphandi baseKansas State University beqhuba isifundo esinzulu kwi-Heinz ketchup kunye ne-upstart umceli mngeni kwi-Best World, bafumanisa ukuba xa beqhekeza i-ketchup nganye ukuya kwiincasa zayo, uHeinz wenza into yomlingo. Ngokutsho kwabo, ucinga ngoHeinz xa ucinga nge ketchup ngenxa yentlaninge yeencasa kunye nezinto ezenziwa ngokudibanisa kunye noluhlobo lwenzululwazi.
