Amanzi asebhotileni yinto elula abantu abaninzi banetyala lokuyisebenzisa, kwaye kukho ithuba lokuba eyakho yenye yezo ntsapho zihlala zigcina ityala likhona. Zikulungele ukuthatha uhambo, zilungele amaqela, kwaye ulahle isidingo sokuhlamba iglasi.
Le yinto elula ukuba uyeke ukuthatha ithuba, nangona kunjalo, njengoko ineziphumo ezifikelela kude, ukusuka kwindalo esingqongileyo ukuya kwezemali. Ngokuqinisekileyo okubi kukugqithile kokulungileyo kule. Usenokungafumani yonke into ocinga ukuba uyihlawulela xa uthenga amanzi asebhotileni, ke makhe sijonge nje ukuba kutheni kufuneka ususe olu luhlu lwakho lokuthenga kwaye unamathele kwinto ophelelwe yimpompo yakho .
Kutheni iivenkile zokutyela zivaliwe ngeMvulo
Ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi
Ukhe weva ukuba amanzi asebhotileni ayinkcitho ngokumangalisayo, kwaye uninzi lwabantu lucinga ukuba oku kubhekisa kwiibhotile ngokwazo. Kodwa ngaba wakha wazibuza malunga ne amanzi sebenzisa? Xa ukhetha ilitha yamanzi asebhotileni evenkileni, ucinga ukuba angakanani amanzi awenzileyo?
Kungaphezulu kokucinga kwakho. Ngokwe-International Association of Water Association kunye uphando luka-2013 ejonge ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kwishishini lamanzi asebhotileni, kuthatha umyinge we-1.39 yeelitha ukwenza ilitha enye yamanzi asebhotileni. Ezi zongezelelweyo .39 iilitha zisenokungavakali ngathi zininzi, kodwa zongeza ngokukhawuleza. Ngenxa yokuba lonke uphononongo lwentengiso lubandakanya idatha evela ekwenziweni kweelitha ezili-14.5 yezigidi, zizigidi ezi-5.66 zeelitha zamanzi amdaka asetyenzisiweyo kwimveliso yokugqibela.
I-IBWA ibonisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi iyonke kungaphantsi kwezinye iindawo zeshishini leziselo. Kodwa iimpazamo ezimbini azenzi lungelo, kwaye amanye amaqela okusingqongileyo aqinisekile ukuba amanani akho naphi na amkelekile. UErtug Ercin , isithethi seNethiwekhi yaManzi aManzi, ithi ifuthe lomzi mveliso lifikelela kude kunelo. Uthi xa ubandakanya amanzi angena ekwenzeni izinto zokupakisha kunye neebhotile, ujonge ngaphezulu njengamaxesha asixhenxe okanye asibhozo elo nani.
Iindleko
Ukuchitha imali kwibhotile yamanzi kusenokungabonakali njengotyalo-mali olukhulu, kwaye amathuba okuba ulungile sele uyazi ukuba ubhatalela uncedo. Mhlawumbi uyilibele eyakho ibhotile yamanzi ekhaya, okanye uphume kwindlela engacwangciswanga epakini. Kodwa kwenzeka ntoni xa uqala ukujonga ngokwenyani amanani?
Xa ifayile ye- Iqela leConvergEx Baqale ukuthelekisa indleko zamanzi asebhotileni kunye namanzi etephu, bajonge i-avareji kwilizwe liphela. Bafumanise ukuba abantu bachitha ixesha elingaphezulu kwama-300 ngaphezulu kumanzi asebhotileni kunokuba bebeya kuchitha kwimali enye yamanzi etephu. Oo, kwaye oko kwakusekwe kwixabiso lokuthenga amanzi ngegaloni. Uwathenga kangaphi amanzi asebhotileni ngegaloni? Xa bejonga i-16.9 oz. iibhotile (ezenza malunga nesibini kwisithathu sentengiso yentengiso), izibalo zithi uhlawula malunga ne-7.50 yeedola ngegaloni. Thelekisa loo nto kunye nexabiso legesi! Emva koko, qaphela oku - aphantse angamawaka ama-2 amaxabiso kwixabiso lesixa samanzi esivela kwimpompo yakho. Kungabiza kakhulu ukuqhuba ekhaya kwaye uthathe ibhotile yamanzi enokuphinda uyizalise.
Yonke inokuba ngamanzi etephu nje
Ukuba usanyanzelisa ukuba amanzi asebhotileni axabise indleko, cinga into yokuba unokusela nje amanzi apompo aqhelekileyo kule bhotile intle.
Ngo-2007, uPepsi wenza isaziso esothusayo . Baye batshintsha iilebheli zabo ukuba zicace gca malunga nokuba amanzi abo asebhotileni avela phi, kuba iAquafina yabo yayingekho ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi kwamanzi etephu. Ukuba kwenzeke ukuba ufunde ileyibhile ye-Aquafina ngaphambi koko, ngewawubonile 'uBhotile kumthombo wePW.S.' Leyo yindlela entle yokuthetha ukuba ibhotile kuMthombo waManzi kaRhulumente. Kukulebhelisha okungalunganga kunye nentengiso engacacanga.
UPepsi akayedwa apha. ICoca-Cola's Dasani ikwayimpompo yamanzi. Ivela kumthombo wamanzi kawonkewonke, njengoko zisenza nezinye iimveliso zamanzi ezisezibhotileni zaseNestle. Ukuba ngamanzi endalo emithombo yamanzi okanye amanzi acinga ukuba ufumana xa uvula loo bhotile, unokufumanisa ukuba uphazamile.
Ungcoliseko lweplastiki
Ngoku, uthini ngale ntwana yokutya yokucinga? Iplastiki inexesha lobomi ekucingelwa ukuba linjalo malunga neminyaka engama-500 ubude , kwaye oko kuthetha ukuba zonke iibhotile zeplastiki owake wazishwabanisa waziphosa emgqomeni okanye emgqomeni wokuphinda usetyenziswe usekhona, kwaye bayaqokelelana. Ngo-2008, amavolontiya athatha inxaxheba kwi-Keep America Beautiful Great American Cleanup yathatha into eyothusayo 189 yezigidi iibhotile zamanzi zeplastiki ezazilahlwe kwilizwe liphela. Kwaye ngokujonga malunga neebhotile zamanzi ezingama-200 eziye zenziwa minyaka le ukusukela ngoko, kuyaqala ukubonakala kuyinto encinci.
Iplastiki ikwenze nenxalenye enkulu yoko kubizwa ngokuba yi Ipaki enkulu yenkunkuma ePacific , indawo enkulu yolwandle phakathi konxweme lwase-US kunye neJapan apho inkunkuma yehlabathi ibanjiswa kuhlobo lwe-vortex ebanzi yolwandle. Kuba iplastikhi ayinyibiliki, zonke ezo bhotile zamanzi zeplastiki ezingazenzi inkunkuma okanye imigqomo yokurisayikilisha iphinde iphele kwiindawo ezinje, zonakele zangamaqhekeza amancinci nancinci. Akukho mntu uqinisekileyo ukuba ingakanani iplastikhi ekhoyo, kodwa zikhona iindawo apho amanzi angaphezulu kwesuphu enamafu, kwaye eminye imilinganiselo ifumene iziqwenga zeeplastiki ezili-1.9 kunye neebhloko zeplastiki kwisikwere semayile. Ukusukela kuphela malunga neepesenti ezili-10 Kwiplastikhi ye-PET yehlabathi (izinto ezenziwe ngebhotile yamanzi) ziyaphela zibuye ziphinde zisetyenziswe, le yingxaki yokulingana kwayo.
Onke amanzi amoshakeleyo
Le yindlovu egumbini, kwaye yingxaki kwisikali esikhulu kangangokuba kunzima ukusongela intloko yakho. Masiqale ngenani elikhulu. Inkqubo ye- IQumrhu loThengiso loTywala kuqikelelwa ukuba i-11.7 yezigidigidi zamanzi asebhotileni aselwa e-US ngo-2015. Lonto leyo ayicingeki, ingakumbi xa ucinga ukuba Iipesenti ezingama-98 zabemi baseMelika unokufikelela kumanzi acocekileyo acocekileyo nakhuselekileyo. Emva koko, thelekisa loo nto nenye ingxelo: umntu omnye kubantu abasithoba emhlabeni akanakho ukufikelela kumanzi acocekileyo konke konke. Ngaba uziva umosha okwangoku?
Iimbalela azibayekisi
Imifanekiso kaGetty Mhlawumbi uzibonile iindaba malunga nembalela yexeshana ebisenzeka mva nje, ngakumbi eMelika yaseNtshona. Kwi Nge-Agasti ka-2014 I-California ibanjwe yimbalela yayo yesithathu yonyaka, ikhokelela kwimizamo emikhulu yokugcina amanzi kunye nezohlwayo zokumosha kwizinto ezazibonwa njengezingabalulekanga, njengokuchelela ingca. Nokuba imarike yomsebenzi yathatha indawo, kwaye abalimi babethwa nzima ngokukodwa ziimeko ezazinento ethile enefuthe lebhabhathane. Inye kuphela into engazange iyeke yayikukuveliswa kwamanzi okubhotile kweenkampani ezisekwe eCarlifonia kwaye ngequbuliso, onke la manzi amoshakeleyo athatha intsingiselo entsha, akunjalo?
Ngelo xesha ezinye iinkampani zazisebenza phantsi kwezithintelo zamanzi, uninzi lweenkampani zamanzi ezisezibhotileni zasinda ekuqwalaselweni. Nangona benoxanduva lokuxela ukusebenzisa kwabo amanzi kwiSebe lezeMpilo yoLuntu, olo lwazi alubuyeli kwiiarhente zikarhulumente ezenza imigaqo nemigaqo yokunceda urhulumente ngemo yembalela. Yimpambano leyo, ngakumbi xa ucinga impembelelo yenye imbalela ngoJulayi ka-2014. Amazwe alishumi elinanye achaze imeko yembalela, ehamba nenqanaba lembalela elikhethekileyo kuninzi lweCalifornia kunye neendawo zeNevada. Ngeli xesha, isithethi esivela eSouthern California's Essentia (esebenzisa amanzi apompo) uphawule, 'Andiboni nayiphi na imeko eya phambili enokusinqanda ekuveliseni amanzi asebhotileni.'
Izenzo zeshishini ezinesithunzi
Uthotho lophando luveze ezinye izinto ezimnandi malunga nezo nkampani zigalela amanzi ngexesha lembalela. Ngo-2015, amaphephandaba aseCalifornia enza okuthile okumba eNestle, nowaye efaka iibhotile zamanzi e-Arrowhead kuwo oovimba Amahlathi eSizwe eSan Bernardino ukususela ngo-1894. Bafumene ayisiyiyo kuphela ukuba akukho bhunga lilawulayo ligcina umkhondo wokuba angakanani na amanzi abawathathayo ehlathini, kodwa akukho mntu ujonga ukuba kungenzeka na ukuba bathathe amanzi amaninzi kunefuthe elibi kwiintyatyambo nezilwanyana . Baye bafumana nemvume kaNestle yokuhambisa amanzi iphelelwe lixesha ngo-1988. Ukusukela ngoku beqhubeka nokuhlawula umrhumo wonyaka wama-524 eedola, bavunyelwe nje ukuba baqhubeke nokwenza izinto zabo ngaphandle kokuphononongwa okanye ukuphazamiseka.
Ngelixa uNestle esithi abenzi nto iphosakeleyo kwaye bathobela izikhokelo ezisebenze kakuhle amashumi eminyaka, amagosa epaki athi ngemeko yembalela eqhubekayo, kufuneka kwenziwe okungakumbi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba akukho ziphumo zihlala ixesha elide Imisebenzi kaNestle. Abasebenzi beeNkonzo zeHlathi bavakalise inkxalabo ekhulayo yokuba imisebenzi engakhange iqwalaselwe nengabekeliswanga iliso inokuba nefuthe elibi eliqala kwizityalo zehlathi nakwimimoya engaphandle evela apho. Olunye uhlobo lweentlanzi zemveli seluvele lwanyamalala kwimisinga yehlathi -ukutshabalala okunxulunyaniswe nezikhukula, imililo yehlathi, kwaye mhlawumbi nokunyamalala kwamanzi endalo.
Imiba yokhuseleko
Ukufumanisa ukuba amanzi asemabhotileni okanye hayi hayi yeyona ndlela ikhuselekileyo kunamanzi ompompo yinto encinci, kwaye kukho iqela lezinto eziguqukayo. Ukuba uhlala kwindawo enamanzi angcolileyo (I-Flint, iingxaki zamanzi zaseMichigan ziza engqondweni), ke amanzi asebhotileni yindlela eya kuyo. Kodwa ngapha koko, uphononongo lusekulo mbandela, kwaye uninzi lubonakala ngathi lubonisa ukukhetha amanzi asezibhotileni akwenzeli nto.
Ngokwe- Ikliniki yaseMayo , amanzi asebhotileni kunye namanzi ompompo alawulwa kakhulu yimigangatho yokhuseleko efanayo. Ngelixa i-FDA ilawula ukuveliswa kwamanzi asebhotileni, i-EPA yongamela unikezelo lwamanzi aphuma elizweni. Imigaqo yokuqala emalunga nokusela amanzi esidlangalaleni yenziwa ngo-1974 nge Umthetho oKhuselekileyo waManzi okusela , kwaye eso senzo sihlaziyiwe kule minyaka idlulileyo. Ngokuthe ngcembe, i-FDA yamkela uninzi lwemigaqo kunye nemigaqo efanayo xa kufikwa ekubekweni kweliso lokungcola okunokubakho kunye namanqanaba eekhemikhali ezahlukeneyo ezinje ngokukhokela. Ngoku, ezi arhente zimbini zihamba kakuhle kakhulu ngento eziyivumelayo emanzini. I-FDA ithathe amanzi asezibhotileni njengento yokutya okusemngciphekweni omncinci, kodwa izityalo zebhotile zisafuna ukunikwa ilayisensi minyaka le. Nangona zibekwe esweni, azigcinwanga kwimigangatho eyahlukileyo kwizikhokelo ezisetyenziswa yi-EPA ukubeka esweni amanzi okusela, kwaye amanzi asebhotileni avumelekile ukuba inqanaba elifanayo lokungcola njengamanzi akho empompo. (Oko kuthetha ukuba ikhuselekile ngokulinganayo, ayingcoliswanga ngokulinganayo.)
Olunye uphononongo luye lwafumanisa ukuba amanzi empompo anokuba ngcono kuwe kunamanzi asebhotileni. Ngokwabaphandi abavela IYunivesithi yaseGlasgow , Bafumanise ukuba ezinye iinkampani zingagcina iibhotile zamanzi kangangeenyanga ngaphambi kokuba zide zenze eziishelufini. Inqaku kwizinto ezinje ngombono wokuba ibhotile evulekileyo yamanzi eseleyo efrijini inokukhawuleza ingcoliswe yindawo engaphandle kwaye ngequbuliso ijongeke isempilweni. Kukwakho nethuba lokungcoliseka komntu alicholileyo aze aqhekeze itywina kwivenkile enkulu, kwaye konke oko kuthetha ukuba ukhuseleko lwamanzi eebhotileni ayisiyiyo yonke into eqhekekileyo.
Inkunkuma yamandla iyothusa
Ngo-2009, abaphandi bePacific Institute (nge Umzimba kuqikelelwa ukuba kuthathe malini amandla ukwenza iibhotile zeplastiki ezilahlayo ezisetyenziswa kushishino lwamanzi asebhotileni. Babandakanya yonke into ukusuka ekwenzeni iplastikhi ukuyibumba ibe ziibhotile ukugcwalisa iibhotile, ukuhambisa imveliso egqityiweyo, nokuyigcina ibanda- kwaye iziphumo zaziphazamisa.
Ilitha enye yamanzi asebhotileni yathatha phakathi kwe-5.6 kunye ne-10.2 yezigidi zejoule zamandla, kwaye oko kunokuba kungathethi lukhulu, masikubeke ngale ndlela. Eli lixesha eliphindwe ngamawaka amabini isixa samandla osithathayo ukuvelisa umlinganiso wamanzi ophuma kwimpompo yakho.
Siza kuyibeka ngenye indlela. Malunga nexesha ekwakukhutshwa ngalo olo lwazi, ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi ebhotile kuzwelonke kwakumalunga neebhiliyoni ezingama-33 zeelitha- kwaye oko kwathatha ukulingana kwemiphanda yeoyile engama-32 ukuya kuma-54 ezigidi. Ngoku nantsi imbono ethe kratya. Khawuleza phambili kancinci, kwaye ngokwe UMgcini , abathengi bathenga ezi bhotile ngomyinge wama-20 000 ngomzuzwana ngo-2017 -imfuno ikakhulu egxile kumanzi asebhotileni. Phantse i-480 yeebhotile zeplastiki zathengiswa ngo-2016, kwaye oko kwakunyuke nge-300 yezigidigidi ukusukela oko kwenziwa uphando lwamandla. Ngaba akukho nto siyifundileyo?
Imizamo yokuhambisa amanzi asemabhotileni enobuhlobo ayinabungani kangako
Kukho iinzame zokwenza amanzi asebhotileni angcono kwiplanethi. Ngo-2016, INew York Times kunikwe ingxelo ngeJust Water, inkampani eyenze 'iibhotile' zabo ezinokuphinda zisebenze ezinamaphepha afunyenwe kwimithi eqinisekiswe liBhunga loLawulo lweHlathi. Basengamaphepha angama-53 epesenti, nangona kunjalo. Indawo eseleyo yebhotile ubukhulu becala yeplastiki, enexabiso elincinci lealuminium.
Asingabo bodwa abenza loo nto, nokuba. Inkampani ebizwa ngokuba yi-Boxed Water ingcono ikwangena kwi-bandwagon yokwenza ezinye iindlela eziluhlaza, ke, ngaba ziluhlaza ngokwenene? UKristu ithi inzima.
Ngelixa la manzi anqatyisiweyo enobungani kwindalo esingqongileyo kunalawo asebenzisa iiplastikhi, nantsi into - zisenenkcitho eyoyikisayo xa kuthelekiswa namanzi aphuma empompini ekhitshini lakho. Basazithatha izinto ezingezizo, amandla amaninzi, kwaye zisengokusebenzisa izixhobo ezizodwa. Ngaphandle kweemeko ezingxamisekileyo (kwaye, kwakhona, iindawo ezinjengeFlint, eMichigan), uninzi lwabantu baseMelika banokufikelela rhoqo kumanzi acocekileyo, acocekileyo kanye ekhitshini labo- akukho sizathu sokukubeka kwisitya esinye sokusebenzisa, nokuba yiplastikhi. okanye iphepha. Kwaye iinkampani zamanzi ezinqindiweyo ziyayivuma loo nto!
Ngokuqinisekileyo akufuneki uphinde usebenzise loo bhotile yamanzi ilahlwayo
Sikwenzile konke-uyigqibile ibhotile yamanzi owathathe usiya emsebenzini, kwaye unokuphinda usebenzise loo bhotile, akunjalo? Yizalise kwindawo epholileyo yamanzi ngaphambi kwesidlo sasemini, kwaye kwakhona ngaphambi kokuba uye ekhaya? Ngokwenyani, awufanelanga- kwaye hayi, oku ayimalunga neekhemikhali eziyityhefu.
Ngoku ka Kulunge kakhulu , Onke amarhe owavileyo ngobukho beekhemikhali ezingena emanzini akho zivela kwiiplastikhi aziyonyani. Iplastiki evunyiweyo ukuba isetyenziswe kwiibhotile zamanzi ikhuselekile ngokugqibeleleyo ukuba ungasela ngaphandle ... kodwa ukuba uyigcwalisa, akunakuba njalo.
Kungenxa yokuba ibhotile yamanzi yeplastiki yeyona ndawo ifanelekileyo yebhaktiriya kunye nefungi ukuze ingakhuli nje kuphela, kodwa iphumelele. Nje ukuba zivulwe, zikwaziswa kuzo zonke iintlobo zebhaktheriya ezivela ezandleni zakho, inundu, amanzi apholileyo ... ufumana umbono. Kuba azenzelwanga ukuba zisetyenziselwe ngaphezulu kwesinye, zikwakho nokuchaphazeleka kokwenza iintanda zenwele, kwaye ezo ndawo ziya kuba yindawo yokuzalisela iintsholongwane ongayi kukwazi ukuzilahla, nokuba uyicoca ngokucokisekileyo. Iibhotile zamanzi ezinokuphinda zisebenze zenziwe kwizixhobo ekulula ukuzicoca ngokupheleleyo ... ke fumana enye yazo!
Ukuvalwa kwamanzi eebhotile
Imifanekiso kaGetty Ukuthatha isigqibo sokuyeka ukuthenga amanzi asebhotileni ayisosigqibo sodwa, kwaye iindawo ezininzi ziye zathintela ukuthengiswa kwamanzi asebhotileni ngenxa yokuba kunokuba kubi kangakanani. Owokuqala ukumisela umzekelo kunye nokuthintela ngokupheleleyo amanzi asebhotileni yayingu Idolophu yaseOstreliya iBundanoon . Iidolophu zabanomsindo xa inkampani yokubhabha amanzi yafaka isicelo semvume yokuthintela indawo yabo yamanzi kumzi-mveliso wabo. Idolophu yabantu abangaphezulu kwama-2 000 bavote phantse ngazwinye ukwenza umthetho, kwaye ayothusi loo nto. Ingcinga yokuba inkampani engaphandle kwedolophu iyakuthatha amanzi edolophu ukuyifaka ebhodleleni iphinde ibuyisele kubo yayingeyongcinga, kwaye idolophu yagqiba kwelokuba imisele umzekelo. Yaphakamisa ulwazi, nayo, njengoko amanye amagosa karhulumente waqala ukubiza ukuvalwa kwamanzi asebhotileni kumasebe aseburhulumenteni nakwiintlanganiso.
Ukusukela ngoko, izixeko ezininzi e-UK, e-US nase-Canada bavumile ukuyeka ukugcina iintlanganiso zikarhulumente ngamanzi asebhotileni, zihlala zithengwa kusetyenziswa imali yomrhafi.
Ngokubhekisele kwiBundanoon, baqinisekisile ukuba abantu banokuza kunye nokuba yeyiphi na into enokuba ngumcimbi wokuzahlula. Kwakukho iivoti ezimbini kuphela ngokuchasene nokuvalwa, kwaye onke amashishini athengisa avumile ukuyeka ngokuzithandela ukuthengisa imveliso. Endaweni yoko, iibhotile zamanzi ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe zabekwa eshelufini, kwaye nemithombo yokusela yafakwa kuyo yonke idolophu.
