Bagels. Ziqukethe kuphela izithako ezimbalwa, kodwa zinzima ukuzenza. Abafani kwaphela nezinye iintlobo zesonka: ukuhlafuna ngaphakathi, ukuhlafuna ngaphandle, ukubilisiwe kwaye kubhakwe kwimfezeko, kwaye, ewe, umdlalo wezemidlalo embindini.
Yintoni na loo mngxunya, kunjalo? Kubonakala ngathi yinto yenkunkuma, kwaye ukubeka ngaphezulu i-bagel apho kuya kuba yindlela yokuhamba. Inokwenza ukuba ii-bagels ze-pizza zibe lula, ngokuqinisekileyo, kunye ne-bagel isidlo sakusasa iisendwitshi kwaye, kulungile, zininzi kakhulu izinto zebagel. Ngaba akunakwenzeka kakhulu? Mhlawumbi, kodwa kukho imbali engakholelekiyo emva kwaloo mngxuma. Ngaphezu koko, kukho iintsomi ezipholileyo, kunye neentsomi ezixeliweyo malunga nokuba kutheni i-bagel imile ngokufana nayo.
Ngokuqinisekileyo, kukho isizathu esivakalayo sayo, nayo, kodwa leyo yinxalenye nje encinci yento eyenza i-bagel ibeyi-bagel. Ukubheja ubungazi ukuba kuninzi kwibali lomngxunya webagel, akunjalo?
Mhlawumbi bavele xa bejika kwi-pretzels baya kwi-bagels
Imbali iyinto ehlekisayo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha inokubiza umsebenzi omncinci womcuphi-ngakumbi xa kufikwa ekulandeleleni iingcambu zobutyebi benkcubeko obufana neebhali. Ngokuka-Maria Balinska, umbhali-mbali kunye nombhali IBagel: Imbali emangazayo yeSonka esiThozamileyo (nge IAtlantic ), Kukho ithiyori enye malunga nemvelaphi yeebhegels njengoko siyazi ukuba zibonisa ukuba babevela kwinkulungwane ye-14 abafuduki baseJamani abafudukela ePoland. Uthi amaJamani azisa ama-pretzels emveli kunye nawo, emva koko ajika aba sisangqa esirhangqiweyo esinomngxunya embindini.
Babizwa ngokuba yi-obwarzanek , kwaye bafumana ukonyuka okukhulu ekuthandeni umbulelo kuKumkanikazi uJadwiga, inkosi enamandla kakhulu yasePoland engagqithanga nje ukutshintsha amandla kumandla kwinkulungwane ye-14 eYurophu (nge IBritannica ) kodwa ngubani owamiselwa njengomphefumlo nguPopu John Paul II. Ukhethe ukutya i-obwarzanek endaweni yokutya okutyebileyo nge-Lent, ukunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuthandwa kwabo njengohlobo oluqhelekileyo lwesonka.
Ukwahlula 'kwisonka sobuKristu'
Ngelo xesha abafuduki baseJamani babehlala ePoland, abafuduki abangamaJuda babehlala apho, nabo. NgokukaGqirha Yvette Alt Miller (nge Aish ), yayilixesha apho amaJuda ayengavunyelwe ukwenza isonka, njengoko kwakubonwa njengokutya okungcwele kobuKristu. Kwakungowe-1264 xa iNkosana yasePoland u-Boleslaw i-Pious yayirhoxisa imithetho, kwaye yabhengeza ukuba amaJuda azakuvunyelwa ukuba 'athenge kwaye athengise kwaye achukumise isonka njengamaKristu'.
Kwakuyinyathelo elikhulu, kodwa iCawa yayingenomdla kwisibhengezo njengoko ihlabathi lalingaphezulu. Amahemuhemu aqala ukusasaza ukuba ababhaki abangamaJuda babefaka isonka sabo ityhefu, kwaye amaKristu akufuneki athenge isonka esenziwe ngumJuda.
Khawuleza phambili kancinci, kwaye uya kufumana isigqibo esitsha-amaPolish amaJuda aphumelele ilungelo lokwenza isonka ... ukuba nje ibilisiwe, ayibhakwa. Injongo yayikukwahlula kwisonka esiphekiweyo sobuKristu, ke abapheki bamaJuda bakhulisa isonka esahlukileyo, esingathandabuzekiyo, esingqukuva esinomngxuma embindini. Kukholelwa ngabanye ukuba eli siko kulapho igama elithi 'bagel' livela khona, becacisa ukuba kungenzeka ukuba livela kwigama lesiYiddish elithi beigen, okanye 'ukugoba'.
Wenzelwe ukubeka uKumkani?
Njengezinto ezininzi kwimbali, ayisiyi-100 yeepesenti ecace gca malunga nokuba kanye nini le miqolo ye-holey iqalile ukuvela ngendlela esiza kuyibona njengeebhegi, kwaye kukho elinye ibali malunga nokuba zazenziwe nini okokuqala kwaye zenziwa njani Ndinegama labo. Lo uvela kumbindi nasempuma yeYurophu, kwaye ibali lithi ngo-1683, uJan Sobieski wakhokela umkhosi omkhulu ngokuchasene nemikhosi yaseTurkey eqhubela eVienna. Wayegxotha abantu baseTurkey, utsho IBritannica , kwaye njengombulelo, umbhaki wezonka waseViennese wenza uhlobo lwesonka ngembeko yakhe.
UMaria Balinska, umbhali-mbali kunye nombhali IBagel: Imbali emangazayo yeSonka esiThozamileyo (nge IAtlantic ), ithi ibiyi-beugel leyo. Isonka asizange sibhakwe nakweyiphi na imilo yesiko, kwaye endaweni yoko, umbhaki wagqiba kwelokuba ahlawule umhlanguli wakhe-uthando lokumkani wamahashe. Inhlama yayibhakwa ngokumila kwesangqa - eyilelwe ukubonakala ngathi sisirhwaphilizo- kwaye yabizwa emva kwegama lesiJamani kwisiraphu. Ngenxa yoko, i-bagel yazalwa. Okanye, ngaba bekunjalo?
Kutheni iigels zinemingxunya kuzo
Umqondiso wanaphakade
I-Bagels ibisoloko inxulunyaniswa ne-Europe esempuma nasempuma, ngakumbi ezo zonqulo lwamaJuda. Ngoku ka Ukufunda kwam kwamaJuda , Igama elithi 'bagel' lithetha 'isongo' ngesiJamani, kwaye loo nto ibhekisa ngokucacileyo kubume beli qhekeza, ubumnandi obumnandi. Bathi i-bagel inokuba yayineengcambu kwenye indawo, kodwa ke yathandwa kakhulu kwi-shtetl yasePoland.
Ukuchukumisa kwimbali yasePoland kunye neyamaJuda kuyimfuneko ukuyicacisa le nto ... bathi , yiyo kanye into eguqulelwa ngamagama esiYiddish njenge: 'idolophu encinci.' Ngexesha le-19 kunye nele-20 leminyaka, ii-shtetls zaseRussia nasePoland yayiziidolophu ezincinci apho amaJuda ayehlala khona embindini, kwaye iiNtlanga zazihlala emaphethelweni. Uninzi lwabahlali lwaluzaliswe ngamanani enkolo, izifundiswa, kunye nezobugcisa, kwaye nezitalato zabo zazizaliswe ngabathengisi abathengisa iigegel.
Kwakungekho ukuhlekisa, nokuba. Abathengisi beBagel kwafuneka babenelayisensi, kwaye nangona abantwana ngamanye amaxesha babethengisa iigels ukunceda ukuxhasa iintsapho zabo, kwakuza kubabetha ukuba babhaqwa ngabomthetho. IiBagels zazingaphezulu kwesonka nje, nazo. Kwakuyinkolelo eqhelekileyo ukuba isetyhula, imilo engapheliyo ibonisa umjikelo ongapheliyo wobomi nokufa. Ubume babo obukhethekileyo bekucingelwa ukuba bukhusela kwiliso elibi, kwaye buzisa amathamsanqa; oko kwakuyinyani ngakumbi xa kufikwa ekuzalweni, kwaye babedla ngokunikwa abasetyhini ababelekayo.
Kodwa kukho nesizathu esivakalayo, naso
Imbali ye bagel kwaye umngxunya wayo uyamangalisa, kodwa ayisiyiyo nje ngembali. Ngoku ka Indawo yokubhaka iBagel , Kukho isizathu esivakalayo sokuba umngxunya uhlale kwiibhegels kangangeenkulungwane.
Nabani na owakha wazama ukuzenzela iigels zakhe uyazi ukuba inhlama inkulu kakhulu, inkulu kakhulu kwaye inzima kakhulu. Oko kwenza ukuba kube nzima ukupheka yonke indlela, kwaye loo mngxunya wongeza indawo engaphezulu kwaye uyanceda ukuba ipheke ngokulinganayo. Kwakhona kwenza kube lula kubabhaki ukuba baqinisekise ukuba iigels zabo ziphekwe yonke indlela, kwaye oko kubalulekile. Akukho mntu ufuna i-bagel engaphantsi.
Baye bathi umngxunya uvumela i-bagel ukuba ibe nokuhluka okwahlukileyo, ukuhlafuna okwenza i-bagel, kulungile, i-bagel. Kuyavela ukuba ayisiyiyo enye yezo zinto zixhomekeke ngonaphakade ngenxa yesiko. Ngeli xesha, isiko liyasebenza kwaye limnandi, nalo.
Umngxunya sisizathu sokuba bathengiswe ngaloo ndlela
I-Bagels zaye zathengiswa ngabathengisi ababezokuzifaka kwiipali ezinde kwaye bazithwale ngezitalato ngaloo ndlela, kwaye oko kunikwe inkolelo yokuba imingxunya yayikho ukwenza kube lula ukuba abathengisi baphathe. Kodwa umbhali-mbali kunye nombhali uMaria Balinska wathetha naye INew York Times kwaye wayilahla loo mbono, esithi imingxunya ngokuqinisekileyo yandulela eli siko.
Uthi kude kube ngoo-1970, ababhaki kwiSixeko saseNew York babeza kufaka iintambo zabo kwiintambo ukuze bazise kwi-delis nakwiimarike ezijikeleze isixeko. Uyazi, kwiintsuku eziphambi kwemithetho engqongqo kunye nemigaqo xa kufikwa kupakisho lokutya kunye nokuphathwa.
UBalinska wongeza into ecocekileyo kumbuzo wento ekuthethwa ngayo umngxunya. Xa uqala ukufumana i-bagel yakho, loo mngxuma embindini umele indawo enomda embindini wesangqa. Njengoko uyitya-kwaye ugqibile i-bagel-ujika loo mngxunya ube yinxalenye yendawo engenasiphelo, engachazwanga ejikeleze sonke. Ngubani onokucinga ngento ethile yefilosofi eya kuphuma kwi-bagel?
Kukho indlela elula emangalisayo yokwenza imingxunya
Nje ukuba ubenokwenene, iigels ezintsha ezivela kwivenkile yokubhaka yokwenyani, ezo bagels evenkileni azizukuyisika. Kuxhomekeka kwindawo ohlala kuyo, kunokuba nzima ukufumana i-bagels ezilungileyo, kodwa kukho iindaba ezimnandi: Ungazenza ekhaya, kwaye akunzima kangako. Itya ixesha? Ewe. Kodwa kunzima? Hayi.
Kunokubakho amanyathelo amaninzi, kodwa ufuna kuphela izithako ezine, ngokwe UKumkani Arthur Flour : umgubo, amanzi, ityuwa, kunye negwele. Ukongeza umngxuma embindini kunokubonakala ngathi yeyona nto yoyikisayo, kodwa kukho indlela elula yokwenza, uya kuqala ukuzibuza ukuba kutheni ungazenzelanga iigels zakho rhoqo. Endaweni yokukhupha intlama yakho, yenze iibhola. Nje ukuba iphakame, thabatha isithupha sakho phakathi, ubeke iminwe emibini ngaphakathi, kwaye usolule ngobunono. Gcina ukhumbula ukuba umngxunya uza kuncipha njengoko intlama ikhululeka, ke ukolula umngxunya we-intshi ezi-2 embindini kuya kukushiya nomngxunya we-intshi enye kwimveliso yakho egqityiweyo. Ukuqaqamba kwaye kulula, akunjalo?
Ezinye zinkulu kunezinye
Xa amaYuda afuduka ePoland esiya eMntla Melika, iigegels zahamba nazo. Kangangexesha elide, zazintle ngokukhethekileyo kuluntu lwamaJuda, kodwa nanku umbhalo ongezantsi ongaqhelekanga kwimbali esele ingaqhelekanga yokufaka imingxunya kwiibhegelsi: Ayizizo zonke imingxunya yebagel ezenziwe ngokulinganayo.
Zimbini iintlobo zeebhegels ezinomngxunya omkhulu, omkhulu ngakumbi kuneebhegi zemveli, kwaye ziye zaqala ukuthandwa ngokubanzi ngeminyaka yoo-1960. Ababhaki beMontreal bakholisa ukwenza iigels zabo zahluke kancinane- bongeza ubusi emanzini ngaphambi kokubilisa ukwenza isonka esimnandi, bazilungiselela ukuba zibe nemingxunya emikhulu, kwaye bazibhake nakwiziko elitshisa iinkuni. Ngoku ka UAish , loo mingxuma mikhulu kunesiqhelo inokubonwa kwenye indawo: iYerusalem. Apho, usenokufumana iibhegi ezixhonywe kwizinti ezinde zomthi kwiivenkile zokubhaka, kanye njengokuba beqhele ukwenza kwilizwe elidala.
Kwaye kukho umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwezi bagels zesikolo esidala kunye neebhegels ezintsha: Ngelixa imingxunya yayisetyenziselwa ukwenziwa ngesandla, ayisiyiyo njalo imeko yezona zinto ziveliswa ngobunzima, iigegel ezisongelwe ngomatshini. Ngo-2011, Ixesha kubizwe urhwebo lwebagel 'luphawu lokufana nangayiphi na indleko.'
Ibhegi engenamngxunya…
Ke, ngaba ikhona into efana ne-bagel engenamngxunya? Ngokuqinisekileyo, kwaye ibizwa ngokuba yi-bialy. IAtlantic Yayibiza ngokuba 'ngumzala ka-bagel ongaziwayo,' kwaye ichanekile.
I-crust ye-bialy ngokwesiko incinci kancinci kune-shiny, kodwa ihlala inobuhlalu obufanayo nobenza i-bagel. Endaweni yomngxunya embindini, kukho i-induction enceda ukugcina konke ukufakwa endaweni. Kwaye, kukho omnye umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwezi zimbini: i-bialy ayibiliswanga ngaphambi kokuba ibhakwe.
Kodwa, loo nto ithe, nantoni na ongayenza ngebhegel, ungayenza nge-bialy. Yisasaze ngebhotolo, nge-cream cream, yongeza i-lox, okanye wenze i-pizza bialys-khumbula nje ukuba ukuba ufuna ukuba yindabuko ngayo, musa ukuyisika. Awudingi, njengoko kulula kakhulu ukuhlafuna kunaleyo yebhegel. Kodwa kungcono? Zama kwaye ufumane. Mhlawumbi umngxuma wenza wonke umahluko.
