Ukuba nosana kunokuba yinto eyoyikisayo, kodwa amaxesha ayo oyikisayo akayeki emva kokuba umntwana ezelwe. Elinye inyathelo eyoyikisayo kwabanye abazali yinkqubo yokubanika ukutya okuqinileyo okokuqala. Emva kweenyanga neenyanga zobisi, kwaulo kanye uluvo lokondla umntwana ngokukuko, okona kutya kukhulileyo (nokuba kuye kwahluzwa kwiibits) kwanele ukwenza nokuba ngowona mzali uqinisekileyo. Ngelishwa, akukho zininzi phaya ngaphandle ukuze zikunike ukhululeke. Ngelixa okunye ukutya kunokuhambelana nomntwana wakho kulungile, kwaye abanye bacetyiswa kakhulu, zininzi izinto phaya ezenza iingozi zokwenyani kuye nawuphi na umntu ongaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-1.
Olunye uhlobo lokutya olwenziwe ngenye indlela kwaye alubalulekanga kubantu abadala kunokuba yingozi (okanye kubi, ukubulala) kwiintsana. Ezinye zazo zinokubangela ukusabela okuqatha kwimizimba emincinci, ezinye zikhona iingozi zokukrwitshwa, kwaye ezinye zimbi kakhulu kwiintsana. Jonga, kwaye uqaphele-oku kukutya ekungafanelekanga ukuba wondle umntwana wakho.
Sithandwa
Ubusi bunokubonakala njengenye yezinto ezisempilweni onokuthi uzinike iintsana (emva kwayo yonke loo nto, yinto yendalo, emnandi, kwaye ibonelela ngendlela efanelekileyo eneswekile yokutya okunzima) kodwa kunokuba kunjalo enye yezona zimbi .
Ngamaxesha athile, ubusi bunokuba ne-spores yebacteria ebizwa ngokuba yi-clostridium botulinum. Ukuba abantwana bayayiginya, banokuhla nayo usana lwe-botulism , uhlobo olunqabileyo lokutya ityhefu ebangela ubuthathaka bemisipha, ukungondleki kakuhle, ukuqhina kunye nokudinwa. Ngelixa abantu abadala kunye nabantwana abadala bekwazi ukucola ibhaktheriya ngaphandle kwemiphumo emibi, iintsana azikwazi. Kukwafanelekile ukugcina engqondweni ukuba ukutya okunencindi yobusi okanye ukutya okunobusi kunokubangela ukuba i-botulism yeentsana, ke thintela i-honey graham crackers, iziqhamo ze-smoothies ezinencasa yobusi, nayo nayiphi na into enayo ngokucacileyo le sweetener yendalo.
Ayisiyiyo loo nto kuphela, kodwa nobusi bunokonakalisa amazinyo omntwana wakho njengeswekile. Ukuba emva kokubamba okumnandi kukutya kosana lwakho, zama ukubanika iziqhamo, nokuba zihlanjululwe, zahlanjwa, okanye zomisiwe. Ayipheleli nje ekubeni semngciphekweni wokubagulisa, kodwa ikwaqulathe iivithamini kunye neeminerals ezininzi-ezingazange zimbi.
Ubisi lweenkomo
Ukujonga iintsana ziphila ngobisi lwebele okanye ubisi olungumthi kwiinyanga ezimbalwa zokuqala zobomi bazo, kubonakala kungaqhelekanga oko ubisi lwenkomo yinto enjalo yokungahambi xa kufikwa kwizidlo zabo. Zisisu iintsana ukungakwazi ukwetyisa ubisi lwenkomo kuyo nayiphi na imiqulu emikhulu . Abo batyiswa ubisi oluvela enkomeni banokuba nengxaki yokurhawuzelelwa ngamathumbu emathumbu, anokubangela ukulahleka kwegazi kunye ne-anemia. Kunyaka wabo wokuqala, abantwana kufuneka basele kuphela ubisi lwebele okanye ubisi olungumgubo.
Nje ukuba bakhule kancinci, nangona kunjalo, ubisi lweenkomo lunokuba yinto entle yokufakwa ekutyeni komntwana, kuba inezakha mzimba ezinje ngeprotein, ikhalsiyam kunye ne potassium, kunye neevithamini A, B kunye noD. Qalisa kancinci ukwazisa umntwana wakho Ubisi lwenkomo ukusukela kwiminyaka yobudala e-1 (ukugcina iliso lakho kukungabikho komzimba), ukuxuba ubisi olungumgubo okanye ubisi lwebele ukuba abaluthathi kwangoko. Nangona kunjalo, zama ukungamniki umntwana wakho ngaphezulu kwe-20 iigram zobisi lweenkomo ngosuku, okanye baba semngciphekweni wokuhla nokusilela kwentsimbi.
Amaqanda amhlophe
Ezinye iinxalenye zeqanda zisempilweni kwiintsana kunabanye. Amaqanda abamhlophe ngokukodwa, umzekelo, zezona zikhuselekileyo. Eyona ngxaki iphambili apha yile abamhlophe beqanda banokuba kukutya okunezondlo , kuba eli candelo leqanda lineeproteni ezine ezahlukeneyo ezinokuthi zibangele ukungabikho komzimba kumanqanaba ohlukeneyo obukhali. Ngenxa yoko, uninzi loogqirha babantwana bacebisa ukuba abamhlophe beqanda bangatyiswa iintsana ngaphambi komhla wokuqala wokuzalwa.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, nangona kunjalo, imvumelwano ngalo mbandela itshintshile kancinci. Uphononongo olwenziwe ngo-2008 lwacebisa ukuba ukubamba kunike iintsana amaqanda ayinakukhusela izifo ze-atopic kunye neempendulo ezifana ne-eczema, ngelixa abanye beqala ukuphikisa ukuba iintsana zingasondliwa ngokupheleleyo ukususela ekuqaleni, ngokude nje ukuba zingabandakanyekanga. Okwangoku, ukuthathela ingqalelo ukunganyangeki kweqanda kungakhokelela kwiimpumlo ezigudlukayo, amehlo arhawuzelayo, irhashalala kunye ne-anaphylaxis, ukunqongophala kokucaca kukhuseleko lwamaqanda abamhlophe kunokwanela ukwenza abanye abazali bahlale becacile- okanye ubuncinci babe nengxoxo enzulu ugqirha wabantwana.
Ukutya okuneswekile
Ewe, oku akufuneki ukuba kumangalise. Iilekese, itshokholethi kunye nokunye ukutya okuneswekile akulunganga ngokwaneleyo kubantu abadala, ke ukubanika iintsana kuyinto eyintsomi, nayo. Inyaniso, IAmerican Heart Association icebisa ukuba iintsana kunye nabantwana abancinci bangafumani nakuphi na ukutya okuneswekile ngokugqithisileyo de babe baneminyaka emibini ubuncinci. Ngokwe-2018 Yokondla Iintsana kunye noFundo lweeNtsana (nge-dietitian Jill Inqaba ), Iipesenti ezingama-27 zabantwana abaphakathi kweminyaka e-1 ukuya ku-3 abayityi nayiphi na imifuno yonke imihla, ngelixa iipesenti ezingama-75 zabantwana abaphakathi kwe-1 no-2 besitya iilekese yonke imihla. Elo nani lenyuka laya kwiipesenti ezingama-90 kubantwana abaneminyaka emi-2 neli-3 ubudala.
Iziphumo zoku zibuhlungu kwaye ziqikelelwa. Iintsana ezitya iswekile eninzi kakhulu ziya kutyeba, zisokole ukusilela kwezinongo, zikhule imingxunya, kwaye zinokhetho lweencasa ezimnandi kamva ebomini, zibangele ezinye iingxaki ezantsi kwendlela. Zigcine usempilweni- sukubavumela ukuba babeke izandla kwiilekese de babe badala noko.
Ityuwa
Njengeswekile, ukutya okunetyiwa kunokuba yingozi kwimpilo yosana lwakho. Sonke siyazi ukuba ukutya okuphezulu kwi-sodium kamva ebomini kunokuba yindlela yokupheka, kunye nokukhethwa okunamandla kokutya njengabantwana abadala kunye nabantu abadala zihlala ziqala ngokuchasana nokutya okunetyiwa esemncinci kakhulu. Ukuba umntwana ongaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-1 ufumana ubisi lwebele okanye ubisi olungumgubo, kusenokwenzeka ukufumana okwaneleyo ityuwa ekudleni kwabo. Nje ukuba baqhubeke nokutya okuqinileyo, kunqande ukufaka ityuwa, kunye nokunciphisa ukutya okunetyuwa eninzi njengesonka, iitshiphusi, isuphu enkonkxiweyo, kunye neesosi zepasta.
Ukukhuthaza ukhetho lokutya okunetyiwa ayisiyiyo kuphela imiba, nokuba yeyiphi. Ukutya okunetyuwa eninzi kunokubangela umonakalo kwi izintso zosana , kuba abakakwazi ukuqhubekeka. Ngokwe-NHS, iintsana kunyaka wazo wokuqala kufuneka zibe ne-1g yetyuwa ngosuku, esebenza ibe ngaphantsi isiqingatha setispuni . Ukujonga ukuba yimalini na ityuwa eyongezwe kukutya okulungiselelwe, akukho nzima ukuwela ngaphaya kwelo phawu.
Isiselo esithambile
Njengokutya okuneswekile, iziselo ezinxilisayo nazo zinako zingqineke ziyingozi kwimpilo yosana lwakho . Ayiphelelanga nje ekuthwaleni iswekile (hello obesity; hello dependence), zikwacacile kwaye ziyamangalisa kwaye zinokonakalisa amazinyo omntwana wakho aethe-ethe. Ayisiyiyo loo nto kuphela, kodwa banokonakalisa neminqweno yabo, okuthetha ukuba abanamathuba okuba batye ukutya okunesondlo abakudingayo, kwaye banokubangela urhudo ukuba iinkqubo zabo zokugaya ukutya banyanzelwe ukuba bajongane nolwelo oluninzi kwaye yonke loo nto iswekile inye .
Kodwa ayisiyiyo nje isoda engalunganga kwiintsana. Iziqhamo zeziqhamo azikho kuphela akuyomfuneko kwaphela kuye nakowuphi na umntwana ofumana iziqhamo kunye nemifuno eyaneleyo ekutyeni kwakhe, kodwa zikwaneswekile eninzi. Oku kuya nakwii-smoothies, ubisi olunencasa, kunye nobisi. Endaweni yoko, namathela kubisi okanye emanzini. Ukuba ufuna ukubanika iziselo ezinesiqhamo, dibanisa iziqhamo ezithambileyo kwaye unciphise ukutya kwabo kungabikho ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha sekomityi ngosuku.
Amandongomane onke
Ukujonga amandongomane ayaziwa kakhulu ngobume bawo be-allergenic-ihlala ibonisa ukuba iyabulala kubantu abadala abanengxaki yokuziva kubo-kufanele ukuba kubonakale kucacile ukuba iintsana akufuneki zinikwe zona. Kodwa olunye uphando lubonisa ukuba ukuvezwa kwamandongomane esemncinci kunganciphisa amathuba okuba umntwana angabikho komzimba.
iklabhu yesam okanye i-costco
Ingozi yamandongomane (kunye namanye amandongomane) eneneni ilele kwenye indawo. Amandongomane apheleleyo alo naluphi na uhlobo akufuneki ondiswe emntwaneni kuba ayingozi enkulu. Ayisiyiyo loo nto kuphela, kodwa ukuphefumla ipeanut emiphungeni (ekunokwenzeka ukuba nayo) kunokubangela i-arachidic bronchitis kwaye ifuna inkqubo engathandekiyo yokususa. Kuba uninzi lwamandongomane alunakugalelwa kwi-mush ziintsana de zibe zikhulisile i-molars, kungcono ukuba ucace kwiinyanga zokuqala zokutya ukutya okuqinileyo.
Sukubuyela umva ekusebenziseni icephe ibhotolo yamandongomane njengenye indlela, nokuba: ubume bayo bokubonakala buthetha ukuba inokubanjwa ngokulula emqaleni kwaye ibangele ukukrwitshwa. Endaweni yoko, hlanganisa ibhotolo yamandongomane kokunye ukutya, okufana neyogathi okanye ibetha lepancake, okanye ufefe amandongomane atyumkileyo kwiapilesauce.
Zininzi izinto ezaliwa kwangoko
Ukutya okumbalwa esikugubungeleyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku kuyingxaki kwiintsana kuba zizinto eziyingozi, kwaye kunokubangela iimpembelelo ezingalunganga ebantwaneni. Kodwa kufanelekile ukuba uqwalasele indlela oza kuyazisa ngayo nayiphi na ukutya okunokuthi kuchazwe njenge-allergenic kukutya komntwana wakho. Oku kufanelekile ukukhumbula ngokukodwa ukuba umntwana wakho sele enengxaki yokungezwani komzimba, okanye ukuba unembali yosapho yokugula.
Umthetho wegolide: hamba kancinci . Yazisa ukutya okunezondlo - ubisi lweenkomo, amaqanda, igluten, amandongomane, iimbewu, isoya, iqokobhe kunye nentlanzi-enye ngexesha kunye nexabiso elincinci ukuze ukwazi ukujonga ukuba umntwana wakho uyasabela na. Ngena nzima kakhulu kwaye unokutya okuninzi kakhulu kwaye awuyi kuba nayo indlela yokuxelela ukuba kukuphi ukutya okubangela ukusabela okungafunekiyo, ukuba kukho okuvelayo. Ukuba akukho mpendulo kukutya okuthile (jonga ukugabha, urhudo, ukukhohlela, irhashalala, imilebe edumbileyo, iimpumlo ezibalekayo namehlo abomvu), kugcine ekutyeni kosana lwakho ukuthintela nakuphi na ukungabikho komzimba ekubeni kuphuhle. Kwaye okokugqibela, ukuba kubonakala ngathi umntwana wakho unengxaki I-anaphylaxis (Iimpawu zingabandakanya ukuvutha, ukuphefumla nzima, isikhumba se-clammy, ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza), funa unyango ngokukhawuleza-kunokubusongela ubomi.
Intlanzi enzima kakhulu
Iintlanzi zinokongeza kakhulu ekutyeni kosana. It inokubonelela ngoluhlu lwezondlo njenge-omega-3 fatty acids, iprotein kunye nevithamini D phakathi kwezinye. Qaphela ukuba zeziphi iintlanzi ozinika umntwana wakho, nangona kunjalo, kuba ezinye zazo zingcono xa kuthintelwa. Imercury yeyona ngozi inkulu, apha - umzimba ubamba imekyuri equlethwe kwiintlanzi ngokulula kakhulu, kwaye nokuba amathamo asezantsi anokuchaphazela ingqondo kunye nenkqubo yovalo. Ngenxa yokuba besaphuhlisa la malungu emizimba yabo, iintsana zichaphazeleka ikakhulu kumanqanaba aphezulu e-mercury.
Inkqubo ye- Iintlanzi ufuna ukugcina ekudleni kosana lwakho kubandakanya isalmon, itrout, ii-anchovies, herring, sardines kunye ne-shad. Kodwa i-FDA icebisa ukuba i-swordfish, ukrebe, i-king mackerel kunye ne-tilefish efunyenwe kwi-Gulf of Mexico kufuneka ithintelwe ngokupheleleyo ziintsana kunye nabantwana abancinci. Amanye amaqela kunye neengcali zicebisa ukuba iintsana nazo zihlale kude ne-tuna kunye ne-tuna eqandisiweyo, i-bass enemigca, i-bluefish, i-bass yase-Chile, i-snapper yegolide, i-marlin, i-orange roughy, i-amberjack, i-Crevalle jack, i-mackerel yase-Spain esuka kwi-Gulf yaseMexico, kunye ne-walleye ukusuka Amachibi Amakhulu. Ityhuna enkonkxiweyo inamaqhinga amancinci, ezinye iingcali zisithi kufanele kuthintelwe konke, kodwa i-FDA icebisa ukuba abantwana bagcine ukutya kwabo kwitoyhu ekhanyayo ukuya kwiisevisi ezimbini ngeveki, kunye ne-tuna emhlophe eqinileyo ukuya kuthi ga ngeveki.
Ngaba iqabane lekofu lilungile kuwe
Ukutya okungafakwanga ukutya
Lo ngomnye umgaqo ngokubanzi wesithupha wokwazisa ukutya okuqinileyo kusana lwakho: Hlala kude nantoni na engafakwanga . Ukunyanzeliswa kwenkqubo yinkqubo yokusebenzisa ubushushu ukususa iibhaktheriya eziyingozi ekutyeni ngaphandle kokususa izakha mzimba zokutya. Ngokubanzi, izinto zokutya ezithengiswa kwiimarike zamafama, iifama, iigadi zezitiya kunye neendlela ezisecaleni kwendlela zihlala zingafakwanga, kodwa ukutya okungafakwanga ukutya kungafunyanwa nakwiivenkile zokutya.
Iibhaktheriya ezichithwa yi-pasteurization zingonakalisa kakhulu umntwana wakho. Babandakanya i-Salmonella, i-E. Coli kunye ne-Listeria, zonke ezinokubangela ukugula okungathethekiyo okwenziwa kubantwana kakubi ngenxa yenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela. Ukutya okunokuthi kufumaneke kungafakwanga ukutya kubandakanya ubisi, itshizi (ngakumbi itshizi ethambileyo), iijusi, ii-cider, kunye nobusi (ohleli kude nazo, akunjalo?). Ngalo lonke ixesha qiniseka ukuba oku kuye kwahlanjululwa ukuba unethemba lokuzibandakanya ekutyeni komntwana wakho, nokuba sele uneminyaka eli-1. Ukuba awuqinisekanga, kungcono ungazibeki emngciphekweni.
Ubisi lwerayisi
Sele simisele ukuba ubisi lweenkomo alunakuthatha indawo yobisi lwebele okanye ifomula, kodwa kukho olunye uhlobo lobisi ekufuneka iintsana zigcinwe kude kuzo zonke iindleko: ubisi lwerayisi. Kubantu abadala, ubisi lwerayisi lunokuba njalo enye indlela efanelekileyo kubisi lwenkomo , ngokuyinxenye kuba kuncinci i-allergenic yeendlela zobisi ezithandwayo. Inezinto ezimbalwa ezisezantsi, nangona kunjalo, enye inye ikakhulu yokuba iyingozi kubantwana abancinci.
Ilayisi yobisi, njengelayisi ngokwayo, iqulethe iarsenic . Ngapha koko, iqulethe iarsenic eninzi kangangokuba IiNgxelo zabaThengi Oososayensi bacebisa ngo-2012 ukuba abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 bangabinazo iziselo zerayisi yonke imihla. E-United Kingdom, iingcali zonyango ziye zade zacebisa ukuba abantwana abancinci kakhulu mabangaseli ubisi lwerayisi konke konke. Ewe akuncedi ukuba ubisi lwerayisi luneprotein encinci kakhulu kunobisi lwenkomo, nayo, oko kuthetha ukuba kuya kufuneka uyenze loo nto isilela ngezinye iindlela.
Imifuno eluhlaza
Imifuno yile, ngenxa yezizathu ezicacileyo, into emnandi ukuyinika umntwana wakho. Nje ukuba bakwizinto eziqinileyo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba bafumane ininzi yemifuno (kunye neziqhamo!) Ukuzigcina zikhula zomelele. Kubaluleke kakhulu, nangona kunjalo, ukuba bahlale kude nemifuno eluhlaza, njengoko ikho ingozi entle enkulu yokuminxeka ezincinci kuba azikho lula kangako ukuzihlafuna. Banokuba nzima kakhulu kwiintsana ukuba zetyise, kwaye, kwiimeko ezinzima, zikhokelela kurhudo.
Qinisekisa ukuba upheka yonke imifuno de ibe ithambe kakhulu kwaye awuzukuba nangxaki. Inkqubo yokupheka iyayitshintsha iprotein kwiziqhamo kunye nemifuno kwaye ibenza ukuba kungabi lula ukubanga ukungalungelani. Kwaye njengebhonasi yokugqibela, ukubapheka kuya kukunika uxolo lwengqondo ngokubhekisele kuko nakuphi na ukungcola okanye ibhaktheriya enokuthi ihlale kwimveliso eluhlaza.
Icaffeine
Ngokunyanisekileyo, i-caffeine yinto omele uyiphephe njengomntu omdala ngangokunokwenzeka (nangona singeke sikukhuphe loo khofi yasekuseni), ngoko ukuyigcina ekudleni komntwana wakho kufuneka kunikwe. Icaffeine unokubakho kwi isoda, iziselo ezinamandla, ikofu (asizukuthatha mntu apha enika abantwana babo ikofu, kodwa kunjalo, kufuneka kuthiwe), iti, kunye nokunye.
Iingcali zihlala zivuma ukuba icaffeine ilunge kakhulu ukuba ingathintelwa ngabantwana bayo nayiphi na iminyaka, ungaze uzihoye iintsana. Kubantwana, yiyo kunokubangela uvalo, intloko ebuhlungu, isisu esibuhlungu, ukungabikho koxinzelelo, ukungalali kakuhle, ukonyuka kwentliziyo, kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi. Iintsana kunye nabantwana abancinci banayo yonke loo mngcipheko kunye nokunye, kubandakanya ukuxhuzula kunye nentliziyo ye-arrythmias ukuba kunikwe izixa ezikhulu. Cinga ngale ndlela: icaffeine ayisiyiyo ukutya okuninzi njengesiyobisi. Kwaye awunakumsebenzisa iziyobisi umntwana wakho, andithi?
Inyama ephilisiweyo (kunye nokunye ukutya okuphezulu kwiitrate)
IiNitrate yimichiza, ngelishwa, zihle kakhulu kuyo yonke indawo . Ziyongezwa ngabavelisi kwiinyama ezininzi, kubandakanya inyama ephilisiweyo, i-bacon, isalami kunye neesoseji, ukuze bandise ubomi babo beshelf kunye nokongeza umbala. Kodwa ii-nitrate (kunye nee-nitrites, ikhemikhali efanayo) nazo zenza i-nitrosamines emzimbeni, ekhokelela kumngcipheko ophezulu womhlaza. Ukunciphisa ukutya komntwana wakho kwee-nitrate zokulondoloza, thintela iimveliso zokutya ezidwelisa i-nitrate okanye i-potassium nitrate kunye ne-nitrites njengezithako. Ukutya ukutya okuphezulu kwii-antioxidants kunye neevithamini kunokumisa ezo nitrate zibuhlungu kunye ne-nitrites ekubeni yi-nitrosamines.
Kwaye ngelixa ngokwendalo kuvela ii-nitrate (ezinje ngezo zifumaneka kwispinatshi, iminqathe, ii-beet, iimbotyi eziluhlaza kunye ne-squash) azizukubangela monakalo, zinokubangela iingxaki kwiintsana- kwaye zikhokelele kwisifo esaziwa njenge imethhemoglobinemia , sisifo segazi esinokubulala. Esi sesinye sezizathu eziphambili zokuba abantwana bangafanele batye ukutya okuqinileyo ngaphambi kobudala beenyanga ezi-4, kodwa ukuba ubafumana kukutya kokwenyani ngaphambi kwexesha eliqhelekileyo ( njengesiqhelo malunga neenyanga ezi-6 mhlawumbi kungcono ukunqanda ukutya okuphezulu kwe-nitrate, kwimeko apho.
