Inyaniso engaziwayo yeDook Coke

Ukutya kweCoke kukuthandwa kakhulu ngumthengi ukusukela oko intshayelelo ngo-1982 , Isungulwe emva kwexesha elide lophuhliso lwemveliso. Ukusukela ngoko, isoda ehlawula iswekile ifumene imikhosi yabalandeli, kubandakanya nomyili wefashoni uKarl Lagerfeld, owatyhilela IHarper's Bazaar ukuba usele iDyoke Coke 'ukusukela ngomzuzu ndiphakama ukuya kumzuzu wokulala.' UMongameli uDonald Trump uchongiwe njenge Isiselo esinxilisayo seCoke , nge IWashington Post Ukuxela ukuba umndilili weetoti ngemini-ngaphezulu kwegaloni yezinto!

Imveliso yayiyimpumelelo yangoko nangoko, ubungqina boqwalaselo lweCoca-Cola kwiinkcukacha xa kuphuhliswa zombini imveliso kunye nephulo lokuyivelisa. Kwaye ngelixa ukuthandwa kweDiet Coke kuye kwabona iincopho kunye neentlambo kule minyaka idlulileyo, Ezezimali zeBrand uxele ukuba uhlenga-hlengiso kunye nokusungulwa kwakhona kwe-2018 kungqineke kuyimpumelelo ngokwaneleyo ukuvelisa 'ukuphakanyiswa kwentengiso' eyenze ukuba iCoca-Cola inyuke ngepesenti ye-19 yexabiso lophawu xa kuthelekiswa nonyaka ophelileyo.

Ngaphandle kokuxhaphaka kwayo kwindawo yentengiso, ingaba abo bayiselayo bayazi kangakanani nge ukutya kwesoda ? Funda ukuze ufumane inyani engachazwanga yeDiet Coke.

Ukuyilwa kweDet Coke yayiyinto 'yengubo kunye nekrele'

Coke ithathe ixesha layo elimnandi lingena kwimakethi yokutya yesoda, ene Imbali yenkampani yemveliso etyhila uluvo lwenguqulelo engenaswekile yeCoke 'ibisenza i-percolating' amashumi amabini eminyaka. Ngexesha le-1970, abathengi abazi impilo baqala ukujonga iswekile. Ngelixa oku kwenzakalisa ukuthengiswa kwesoda yesiko, kwangaxeshanye kwakusenziwa imarike entsha yee-sodas ezinokuthi zibonelele konke ukunambitheka kwaye kungabikho neswekile. 'Besifuna umbono omkhulu wokuba siphume kwelinye lamashumi elona xesha linzima esakha sabona,' ucacisile umphathi weCoca-Cola uJack Carew, owafakwa ukuphuhlisa uhlobo olungenaswekile lweCoke.

Ngelixa ukuphuhliswa kokutya kweCoke kwakuyeyona nto iphambili kwiCoca-Cola, bambalwa kakhulu abantu ngaphakathi kwenkampani ababesazi malunga nokuzama okuyimfihlo. 'Yayingumsebenzi wokurhweba, ukunxiba kunye nezempondo,' utshilo ugxa kaCarew uJerry Bell, owayesebenza naye kwiprojekthi yeDiet Coke.

Imikhosi yentengiso iqhubele phambili ukukhula kweDet Coke njengoko inkampani izama ukufikelela 'kubemi abangabantu' abachongiweyo njengabantwana boomers abathi, njengoko bekhula kwaye benzima, bekulungele ukuzama enye indlela yeCoke engazukufaka galelo kangako ezinqeni zabo zokwanda. .

Umahluko kuphela phakathi kweDiet Coke kunye neCoke Zero Sugar yichemical ongazange uve ngayo

Ukutya i-Coke ibiyindawo yemarike ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-20 xa, ngo Ngo-2005 , UCoca-Cola usungule imveliso entsha- kwaye efanayo kakhulu: I-Coke Zero , eziza kuqhubeka zibekhona kunye neDiet Coke de ekugqibeleni yaziwa njengeCoke Zero Sugar ngo-2016. Ngelixa ezi mveliso zimbini zifana, nabani na owakha wenza uvavanyo lokungcamla kwezi zimbini angangqina ukuba iDiet Coke kunye neCoke Zero Sugar bonisa ukuthanda okwahlukileyo okwahlukileyo.

Ngokwenqaku elikwi Ilanga , Ukutya i-Coke ine-flavour yayo eyahlukileyo eyahluke kakhulu kwiCoca-Cola. I-Coke Zero Sugar, kwelinye icala, yenzelwe ukulinganisa incasa yeCoca-Cola yoqobo, ngaphandle kwayo yonke iswekile ebabayo. Ukanti xa kuziwa kwizithako zokwenene, yintoni eyenzayo ekwenzeni ezi sodas zimbini zifane ncam, gcina umahluko omnye ophambili: I-Coke Zero Sugar inekhemikhali ebizwa ngokuba yi-sodium citrate, ngelixa iDiet Coke iqulethe i-citric acid.

Isizathu sokuba kutheni i-Coke eqhelekileyo isinki emanzini ngelixa i-Diet Coke idada

Nabani na owakha wafaka iinkonkxa zeCoke kunye neDiet Coke kwindawo epholileyo egcwele umkhenkce usenokuba uqaphele into enomdla njengoko umkhenkce unyibilika: itoti yeDiet Coke iya kudada inyuke iye emanzini, ngelixa iCoke eqhelekileyo izakutshona emazantsi .

Njengoko kuvela, kukho inkcazo yesayensi elula yoku. Ngoku ka Ushishino ngaphakathi , itoti yokutya i-Coke inobunzima obungaphantsi kwe-Coke. Kodwa unikwe ukuba nganye inokuba nomthamo olinganayo wamanzi, ii-ounces ezili-12 zamanzi, yintoni enika?

Umahluko kukuxinana kolwelo. I-ounce eyi-12 ye-Coke yesiqhelo iqulethe i-gram ezingama-39 zeswekile, ngelixa ubungakanani obufanayo bokutya kweCoke endaweni yoko kusetyenziselwa i-aspartame yeswekile yokufakelwa, eswiti kakhulu kuneswekile kwaye ifuna kancinci kakhulu ukufikelela kwinqanaba elifanayo lobumnandi. Oku kuchaphazela ukuxinana kwesoda nganye; ngenxa yokuba i-aspartame encinci isetyenziselwa ukwenza i-Diet Coke ibe mnandi, isiphumo esingamanzi sinyinyithekile kunamanzi, sivumela i-can ukuba idade. Ubunzima obongezelelekileyo beswekile, nangona kunjalo, benza ukuba i-Coke denser rhoqo kunamanzi, ibangele ukuba itshone.

Akukho zicwangciso zokucoca ifomula yokutya kweCoke

Xa utshintsha imikhosi yentengiso ikhokelele iCoca-Cola ukuba iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde isungule Ukutya iincasa zeCoke , Into enye inkampani engazange ibeke phantsi koqwalaselo yayilungisa iresiphi okanye ukutshintsha incasa. Njengoko Ushishino ngaphakathi Ucacisile, nangona iDiet Coke ibilahlekelwe sisabelo sentengiso, imveliso ihleli iyintandokazi kubathengi bayo abazinikeleyo.

'Andicingi ukuba sinokutshintsha iDook Coke,' utshilo u-CEO u-James Quincey ku Umnxeba ka-2017 nentatheli. Inabalandeli abaninzi. Abalandeli besoda, wanyanzelisa, ukuba bangoyiki ukuba ifomula kunye nencasa eyahlukileyo ziya kutshintshwa nangaliphi na ixesha kungekudala. 'Ukutya i-Coke kuya kuba kukutya kweCoke ixesha elide,' waqinisekisa.

Ngelixa oku kulandelayo kunikezelwe ngenene, bekuye kuncipha. Ngokutsho komnye Ushishino ngaphakathi ingxelo, ukumiliselwa ngempumelelo kweCoke Zero Sugar (ethathe indawo yeCoke Zero) kubonakala ngathi kuza ngokutya kweCook. Ngexesha le-2016, intengiso yeCoke Zero inyuke ngepesenti ye-3.5, ngelixa ukuthengisa kweCiet Coke kwehle nge-1.9 yepesenti ngexesha elifanayo.

Isizathu esothusayo 'sokutya kweCoke' kwasekuqaleni yayikukutya kweCoke

Ixesha elide aficionados yokutya Coke inokukhumbula ukuba xa imveliso yayisungulwa okokuqala, yayine logo eyahlukileyo- kunye negama elahlukileyo. Kungenxa yokuba iDiet Coke kwasekuqaleni yayiyi-Coke yokutya, enecala elisezantsi 'd' -kwaye ke eneneni kwakusemthethweni ukuzithethelela emva koko.

Ngokwimbali yangasemva kwemiboniso yeDiet Coke kwi Iwebhusayithi yeCoca-Cola , xa isicwangciso sentengiso besiphuhliswa ekuqaleni bekukho amagama ngaphandle kwa 'ukutya' okuthathelwa ingqalelo, njengokuthi '-ushukela' kunye 'nokukhanya.' Nangona kunjalo, abaphathi babelumkele 'ukungabinashukela' njengoko babesoyikela ukuba ayibonisi gwenxa iCoke yokuqala eneswekile; Ngeli xesha, 'ukukhanya' kwakusele kusetyenziswa ngumntu okhuphisana naye kwaye inkampani yayifuna ukunqanda ukuthelekisa nezinye iisodas ezingenashukela. Igama elithi 'ukutya,' nangona kunjalo, lalibonakala ngathi lelona lichazayo, kodwa amagqwetha kaCoca-Cola anyanzelisa ukuba eli gama lihlale lisezantsi.

Indlela igqwetha eliyitolika ngayo, oonobumba abakhulu 'Ukutya' yayisisibizo, esasiya kuthi sibangele ukutshintsha uphawu lwentengiso. Ukugcina 'ukutya' kuncitshisiwe kwakuthetha ukuba bekusetyenziswa njengesichazi, kwaye ke kugcinwa umthetho wophawu lwentengiso.

Isizathu sokuba ukutya kweCoke kungonakalise i-enamel yamazinyo

Ukususela ebuntwaneni, wonke umntu uvile izilumkiso ezivela kubazali nakumazinyo ukuba iswekile iya kubola amazinyo. Njengoko Unyango lwezempilo icacisiwe, iswekile iyakukhuthaza ukubola kwamazinyo- nangona kungangqalanga, ngokudibanisa neebhaktiriya ezithile emlonyeni ukwenza iasidi etya i-enamel yamazinyo kwaye ikhokelele kwimingxunya.

Isoda engenashukela inokubonakala ingenabungozi kumazinyo, kodwa oko akubanga njalo xa kufikwa kwiDiet Coke. A Uphando ngo-2015 eyenziwa yiYunivesithi yaseMelbourne yeZiko loPhando lweNtlalontle lwezeMpilo e-Melbourne kutyhilwe imihlathi yabantu kwiziselo ezili-15 ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya ubisi, isiselo sezemidlalo, iisoda ezineeswekile, kunye neesoda ezintathu ezahlukeneyo ezingenaswekile. Ngokumangalisayo, uphononongo lufumanise ukuba isoda engenaswekile kunye nesoda eneswekile zombini zimbi ngokulinganayo kwi-enamel yezinyo.

Kwaye ngelixa iswekile yesoda kunye nesoda engenaswekile zombini zonakalisa i-koqweqwe lwawo, indlela eyenzekayo yahluke mpela kwiDiet Coke, enezithako ezithile-ngakumbi iphosphoric acid -Idibanisa ne-calcium ukunciphisa i-enamel yamazinyo. Njengoko isifundo siqaphele, 'iimveliso ezingenaswekile esepololol' ezinje ngeDiet Coke inokuwunciphisa umngcipheko wamazinyo (aka cavities), nangona i-phosphoric acid iyakubangela ukhukuliseko lwamazinyo. Esinye nje isizathu sokuphepha oko kukutya Coke kukugcwalisa xa usitya ngaphandle.

Ukuthengisa okungafunekiyo kukhokelele kwiincasa ezintsha zeDiet Coke

Phakathi ku-2010s, ukuthengiswa kweDiet Coke kwakusendleleni eya ezantsi. Ngo-2017, uxelwe UkuThengiswa koTywala Ukuthengiswa kwamanzi asezibhotileni, okokuqala ngqa, kuye kwagqithisa isoda ukuba ibe liklasi eliphezulu lesiselo eMelika. Ukwanda kokuthandwa kwamanzi asebhotileni yayiziindaba ezimbi kwiDiet Coke kunye nezinye iisodas ezingenashukela, njengoko yayisika ngqo kwicandelo lentengiso.

I-panera isonka isandwich efanelekileyo

Ekuphenduleni kwintengiso yeDiet Coke, uCoca-Cola wenza inyathelo elikhulu. Ngoku ka upapasho lweendaba lowe-2018 , Ukutya kweCoke kunokuphinda kwenziwe uhlengahlengiso ukuze ufike kwimbonakalo entsha yeslim. Ukongeza, zine iincasa ezintsha zaziswa zijolise kwimillennials, kunye ne-Diet Coke yoqobo eyayihlanganiswe neMango ejijekileyo, iLimandi yeGinger, iZesty Blood Orange kunye neFisty Cherry.

'Ukutya i-Coke yenye yezona zinto zithandwayo zithandwayo zizigidi zabalandeli eMntla Melika, utshilo uRafael Acevedo, umlawuli weqela laseCoca-Cola eMantla eMelika kwiDiet Coke. Njengoko u-Acevedo echazile, injongo yenkampani yayikukuba 'babe nesibindi, bacinge ngokwahlukileyo kwaye babe nezinto ezintsha.' Ucacise ukuba eyona njongo iphambili yayikukuqinisekisa ukuba inkampani 'ihlala inyanisekile kumxholo weDiet Coke' ngelixa 'ibuyisela uphawu' ngethemba lokuphinda baphulukane nesiselo esitsha sabantu abasela iDiet Coke.

Umntu oneminyaka elikhulu ubudala otyiwa kukutya uCoke ngobomi bakhe obude

Kwi-2018, uTheresa Rowley weGrand Rapids, eMichigan wabhiyozela usuku lwakhe lokuzalwa lwe-104 kwaye wabelana ngeemfihlo zokuphila kwakhe ixesha elide kudliwanondlebe naye IWZZM 13 . Enye yezo mfihlelo yayingumkhuba wakhe wexesha elide weDiet Coke, eveza ukuba usela ubuncinci ngosuku.

'Ndiyisela kuba ndiyayithanda,' ucacisile. 'Ndiya kuthenga ngoLwesithathu, kwaye ndifuna enye i-Diet Coke. Ndinengxowa egcwele iinkonkxa zeDooke Coke ezingenanto ekufuneka ndizibuyile ndiyokuthenga ukutya okungakumbi kweCook. ' Ewe, uRowley wayengenakubanga ukuba ebesele bonke ubomi bakhe; unikwe ukuba iDiet Coke ayiziswanga kwada kwangowe-1982, uRowley ngewayeneminyaka engama-60 ubudala kwelona lincinci ngaphambi kokufumana incasa yokuqala yesiselo asithandayo.

Xa ejonga emva kubomi bakhe obude, uRowley ukhumbule ukuba xa wayeneminyaka eli-100 ubudala, 'akazange acinge ukuba ndiza kuba neminyaka eli-104 ubudala. Ndacinga ukuba ndiza kudlula ngelo xesha kodwa khange yenzeke.'

Ukutya iCoke kunokukhokelela ekufumaneni ubunzima ngaphezu kweCoke eqhelekileyo

Ngenxa yokuba igama elithi 'ukutya' lilapho kanye kwigama leDet Coke, kungalula ukucinga ukuba ukusela iDiet Coke kungangcono esinqeni somntu kunaseCoke egcwele iswekile. Ayisiyiyo le nto kuphela, kodwa uphando lubonise ukuba ukusela isoda yokutya kunokukhokelela ekuzuzeni ubunzima, hayi ukunciphisa umzimba, ngakumbi kubathengi abadala.

UKUYA Ufundo luka-2015 ipapashwe kwi Ijenali yoMbutho waseMelika weGeriatrics uzobe unxibelelwano oluthe ngqo phakathi kweesoda zokutya ezinje ngeDiet Coke kunye nokukhuluphala kubantu abaneminyaka eyi-65 nangaphezulu. Uphononongo lubeke esweni izifundo ezingama-749 kwaye lwafumanisa ukuba abo basela iswekile yokutya babonisa ukonyuka komjikelezo wesinqe owawuphantse wawaphindaphinda kathathu lawo angakhange asele soda yokutya.

Umphengululi weYunivesithi yaseTexas uSharon Fowler, umbhali ophambili kolu phononongo, wafumanisa ukuba 'ukwanda kokutya ukutya okunesoda kunxulunyaniswa nokunyuka kwesisu esiswini, esinokuthi sandise umngcipheko we-cardiometabolic kubantu abadala.'

Kutheni iDiet Coke inyusa umnqweno weekhalori

Olunye uphononongo, olwenziwe yiDyunivesithi yaseSydney eOstreliya, lwalandelwa kolo phando lwangaphambili ukubona ukuba kutheni isoda engenaswekile inxulunyaniswa nokuzuza ubunzima hayi ukunciphisa umzimba. Isifundo sifike kwisigqibo esinomdla: ukusela i-Coke yokutya kunye nezinye iintlobo zokutya ezineswekile ezinokubangela ingqondo ukuba inqwenele iikhalori ezininzi kunokuba kungenjalo.

Ngoku ka ingxelo eshicilelweyo yesifundo se-2016, esapapashwa kwi- Iseli yeMetabolism Ijenali, abaphandi baqinisekisile ukuba ukutya okune-soda ngokwenene kwenza ukuba abo baselayo bazive belambile. Ngenxa yoko, abo basela isoda enencasa efana neDiet Coke ekugqibeleni baya kutya ngaphezulu kunokuba bebeya kusela isiselo esiswiti eswekile.

ongumnini wevenkile ezivenkileni zokuthengisa

Uphononongo lufumanise ukuba ingqondo ilindele ukuba ubumnandi buhambe kunye neekhalori. Xa iziko lobuchwephesha bezolonwabo lifumana incasa emnandi ngaphandle kweekhalori ezihamba kunye nayo, ingqondo emva koko 'iyaphinda ibuye ibuye' kwaye ibangele ingqondo ukuba inqwenele iikhalori ebelilindele ukuzifumana. 'Emva kokubhencwa okungapheliyo kukutya okuqulathe iswidi eyenziweyo yesusralose, sabona ukuba izilwanyana ziqala ukutya kakhulu, utshilo umphandi ophambili wesifundo, unjingalwazi onxulumene noGreg Neely.

I-Coke yokutya kunye nefry ayisiyiyo indibaniselwano yokutya esempilweni

Isifundo se-2018 wabhalwa ngumphandi we-Yale uGqirha Dana Small wemba nzulu kwaye weza neziphumo ezimangazayo. Ayisiyiyo kuphela into yokuba ukusela iDiet Coke kunye nezinye iisodas zokutya kungakhokelela ekulangazeleleni iikhalori ezingaphezulu, kodwa oko kuya kubonakala ngakumbi xa isoda idityaniswe neicarbohydrate.

Ngokutsho kolu phando, ukusebenzisa ii-carbohydrate kunye nezinto ezenziwe ngobumnandi ngokudibeneyo kuya kukhokelela kwisiphithiphithi ebuchotsheni, ukuphazamisa impendulo ekuphuculeni into ebonwa njengeswekile kodwa ayisiyiyo-into encinci ichazwa 'njengokutshintsha kwesekethe' ngaphakathi kwengqondo. Ukuba le 'blunting' isenzeka rhoqo, ubunzima bunokuvela xa ingqondo nomzimba zizama ukuqhubekeka nezakhamzimba kodwa zingafumani lwazi luchanekileyo.

'Ukuba uza kuba nesiselo sokutya, ungabi naso ngefry,' utshilo uSmall Eguqukayo . 'Yiba nesiselo sokutya ngokwakho kwaye ukuba uza kuba nesiselo sokutya, nika iyure ngapha nangapha kwaye kufanelekile, ubuncinci ubuncinci.'

I-infographic yentsholongwane malunga neengozi zeDiet Coke yachithwa

Emuva ngo-2015, i-infographic eyothusayo malunga neengozi ze Coke yaba yimvakalelo yentsholongwane njengoko yayixhonywe kuyo yonke i-intanethi. Oko kwalandelwa yenye egxile kwiingozi ze Ukutya kweCoke , Ibanga ngokweenkcukacha iziphumo zesayensi kumzimba womntu kwiyure enye emva kokusela iDiet Coke.

Nangona kunjalo, BuzzFeed yaqhekeza i-infographic kwaye yafikelela nakwabanye oososayensi ukubona ukuba ulwazi oluchaziweyo kwi-infographics luchanekile. Njengoko kwafumanekayo, oososayensi bakwazile ukwenza amabango amaninzi kwi-infographics, ngakumbi enye etyhola ukuba ukudityaniswa kwe-caffeine kunye ne-aspartame kwi-Diet Coke kudala 'umlutha ophezulu ofanayo nokusebenza kwecocaine.'

Ugqirha Michael A. Taffe, umphandi weziyobisi ovela kwiZiko loPhando ngeScripps, ucacisele BuzzFeed ukuba amabango kwi-infographic 'agqithisile' kwaye kufuneka athathwe kunye nengqolowa yetyuwa. NgokukaTaffe, isixa se-caffeine esifumaneka kwi-can ye-Diet Coke 'asizukuba nempembelelo enkulu kubantu abaninzi ngakumbi abo batya iziselo ezine-caffeine rhoqo.'

Imichiza enempikiswano yasuswa kwiDiet Coke

Ngo-2008, iDiet Coke isuse isithako esinempikiswano kwifomula yesoda. Ukutya kweCoke kutyhilwa izicwangciso ukuyeka ukusebenzisa i-benzoate yesodium. Isibhengezo senkampani siza emva kokukhutshwa kophando kugqiba ukuba le khemikhali inokubangela ukonakala kweseli, kukhokelela kutshintsho kwi-DNA eyayinxulumene ne-hyperactivity, isifo sika-Parkinson, kunye nokuqina kwesibindi.

Uphononongo olwenziwe ngo-2007 kwizazi zebhayoloji uGqirha Peter Piper weYunivesithi yaseSheffield Umnxeba , khange ikhankanywe yiCoca-Cola xa inkampani iqinisekisile ukuba izakususa isodium benzoate kwiDiet Coke. Ngokwengxelo enikwe Imeyile yemihla ngemihla , I-Coca-Cola yayisusa isithako njengempendulo ekwandeni kwemfuno yabathengi yeemveliso ezingaphezulu zendalo. 'Sihlala simamele izimvo zabathengi bethu malunga nezithako.' Isithethi seCoca-Cola sixelele Mihla le Imeyile . 'Kwiminyaka eliqela, besisoloko sihambela kwimibala engeyiyo eyokuzenzela, iincasa, kunye nezinto ezisigcinayo apho kunokwenzeka kwiziselo zethu. Sijonge ukuphelisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-benzoate yesodium apho kufanelekileyo ngokobuchwephesha. '

Isiselo esixutyiweyo kunye nokutya i-Coke kunxila ngaphezu kwesinye neCoke eqhelekileyo

Xa usela isiselo esixubekileyo, kukho umahluko phakathi kokuxuba utywala kunye neCoke eqhelekileyo kunye neDiet Coke ehamba ngaphaya kokungafani kwencasa. Uphononongo luka-2015 kwisoda yokutya ifumene iziphumo ezothusayo, ezibonisa ukuba iziselo ezixutywe nesoda enencasa eyenziweyo kukhokelele kuxinzelelo oluphezulu lotywala njengoko kulinganiswa emphefumlweni.

Umphandi uDennis Thombs wayesebenza kwisifundo esifanayo, kwaye uxelele i-NPR kutheni le nto. Njengoko watshoyo, ayisiyiyo idayoda ekhawulezisa ukunxila. Endaweni yoko, iswekile kwisoda eqhelekileyo iyehlisa isantya sokufunxa utywala. '

Nangona kunjalo, uphononongo luye lwazimisela ukuba izifundo azibonanga mahluko kumanqanaba abo okunxila ngokusekelwe ekubeni basela iswekile yokutya okanye isoda eqhelekileyo, enokubabeka emngciphekweni omkhulu wokusela nokuqhuba. Ndifuna ukwazi ukuba ngaba umxube unokukhetha i Into ebeka umntu ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi komda osemthethweni, 'umbhali wesifundo, kwiYunivesithi yaseNyakatho Kentucky uCeceile Marczinski, uxelele i-NPR yeso sizathu sokuba enze olo hlobo lophando.

Iclaloria Calculator

Umgangatho:

Ubudala:

Ukukhula (Kwi-Cm):

Ubunzima (Kwi-Kg):

Inqanaba Lomsebenzi Womzimba: Ubuncinci Iphantsi Umndilili Phezulu Phezulu Kakhulu

Bala

Ndithumele Nge-Imeyile Veza Kwindawo