Phantse iminyaka eli-100, amadoda nabafazi bebejonge kuBetty Crocker njengendoda eyonwabileyo yokwenza amakhaya, edityaniswe ngokugqibeleleyo kwaye esayine utyikityo iimpahla ezibomvu nezimhlophe . Ngaphezulu kombhaki kuphela, uyafumaneka ukuphendula imibuzo yakho yokupheka, ukukhokela kwezona ndlela zinzima zokupheka kwaye akubonise nendlela yokuthunga isuti ye-Chanel, njengoko kubonisiwe kwincwadi ka-1972. Icandelo , Iphephancwadi lokuphila likaBetty Crocker . UnguJuni Cleaver, uMartha Stewart kunye no-Abby abathandekayo bagqitha baba libhinqa elinye. Ke uvelaphi uBetty Crocker uvelaphi kwaye ukwazile ukuhlala efanelekileyo emva kwayo yonke le minyaka kwaye iincwadi zokupheka ezingapheliyo ? Funda kwaye ufunde konke malunga UMongameli wokuqala waseMelika wokutya .
ongumnini wentengiso entle
Akangomntu wokwenene
Hayi, nzulu. Yonke le nto yaqala ngo-1921 xa inkampani yokugaya umgubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-Washburn Crosby Inkampani (ngoku eyaziwa njenge-General Mills) Ubaleke ukhuphiswano apho abathengi bagqibe iphazili kwaye baphumelela isikhonkwane esimile njengengxowa yomgubo. Yayimpumelelo enkulu, kwaye inkampani yafumana amawaka eempendulo, abanye befuna okungaphezulu kunomvuzo. Bafuna iimpendulo kwimibuzo yabo yokubhaka, kwaye inkampani iphendule ngeyona ndlela ikrelekrele. Benze eyona nto iphambili kubuchule bokupheka, umfazi onegama elonwabisayo nelinokuthenjelwa (uBetty) kwaye bamnika igama lefani yenkampani ayithandayo nesandula ukuthatha umhlala-phantsi, uWilliam G. Crocker. Ukuzisa ubunyani bukaBetty Crocker ebomini, le nkampani yathinta abafazi e-ofisini ukuze benze utyikityo. Nobhala UFlorence Lindeberg ubhale utyikityo oluphumeleleyo, olusasetyenziswa nanamhlanje.
Ngoku ka URuby Peterson , owayengusomnotho owaqala ukusebenza kwiGeneral Mills ngo-1942, abasebenzi bebehlala bezilungiselela into yokuba uBetty ebengekho xa kufika iindwendwe. Ngokobuchwephesha, yayiyinyani leyo, kodwa ukothuka ngamanye amaxesha kwakukukhulu kakhulu kubakhenkethi ababefuna ukuhlawula imbeko yabo, kwaye, njengoko uPeterson ekhumbulayo, baya kugcina izicwili ezandleni zezona zililo zabalandeli.
Ukhutshiwe njengobuqhetseba
Imifanekiso kaGetty Ekuphakameni kokuthandwa kwakhe, uBetty wayefumana Iileta ezingama-5 000 ngosuku Kwaye wayengowesibini kumfazi owaziwayo emhlabeni, emva kuka-Eleanor Roosevelt, ngokwe-1945 Ithamsanqa inqaku lephephancwadi . Kwa eli nqaku lamveza njengobuxoki nobuqhetseba, etyhila ukuba wayengengomntu wokwenene — kodwa loo nto yamenza wanomdla ebantwini. Kwakungekho mfuneko yokuba abe yinyani, kuba ukuba nje wayenakho ukuhambisa iingcebiso, ukunciphisa uloyiko kunye nokunceda abenzi bamakhaya, waye, kwaye uya kuhlala efuneka.
Ubuso bendlu yokwenyani yaseMelika
UBetty Crocker / Facebook Oko safumanisa ukuba uBetty Crocker akangomntu 'wokwenyani', kodwa umbono, akuzange kubekho mfanekiso wakhe. Kukho, nangona kunjalo, Imizobo emininzi yemizobo Ezi zidaliweyo, eyokuqala yayingu-1936 ngumculi UNeysa McMein . Umzobo wangoku kaBetty, owakhutshwa ngo-1996, wenziwa ngendlela ekhethekileyo. Ukuhlonipha iminyaka engama-75 kaBetty, imifanekiso yabasetyhini abangama-75 babo bonke ubudala kunye nemvelaphi badibaniswa ukudala umculi UJohn Stuart Ingle isetyenziswe njengesalathiso. Ukulandela umkhondo wesiko lesiqhelo, wasebenzisa iifayile ze- umzobo okhoyo ngo-1986 . Ukongeza kwitekhnoloji esetyenzisiweyo, i-Betty ka-1996 yayikukuhamba kwimizobo edlulileyo ngenxa yento enye eyahlukileyo. Ingumfanekiso wokuqala obonisa uBetty onamehlo amdaka. Ngaphandle kweshumi leminyaka, imeko nganye kaBetty Crocker iboniswa njengonobuhlobo, onolwazi kwaye enxibe isinxibo sakhe esibomvu nesimhlophe. Umfazi okonwabela ukupheka, ukubhaka, ukuchitha ixesha nosapho kunye nabahlobo, kunye nomntu onobuchule kunye nobuchule. I-Betty nganye kukudityaniswa kwabasetyhini abaqulise uphawu.
Kwakukho abapheki abaninzi ekhitshini lakhe
Imifanekiso kaGetty Nangona uBetty Crocker wayephendula imibuzo kwaye ehambisa iingcebiso ngobuninzi, kwakungekho mntu mnye ngaphandle komkhosi woqoqosho lwasekhaya, aka IiCrockettes , bemi ngakuBetty-fy umhlaba, ikhitshi elinye ngexesha. Omnye wezoqoqosho zokuqala zasekhaya ezifundiswe kwikholeji UJanette Kelley . Akaphelelanga nje ekubekiseni uBetty, kodwa wabhala incwadi yokuqala yokubhaka isonka kwi-Gold Medal flour, kwaye wanceda ukuseta amakhitshi ovavanyo lwe-Washburn Crosby kunye ne-General Mills. U-Kelley naye ubenethamsanqa lokusingatha imiboniso yokupheka ephumeleleyo kunye neZikolo zokupheka zeBetty Crocker. Ngo-1946 waba ngumlawuli weSebe leeNkonzo zaseKhaya kwiGeneral Mills apho wayegade khona abasetyhini abangama-50 kunye nokumiselwa Incwadi ka-Betty Crocker's Cook Cook , ekwabizwa ngokuba yi 'Big Red' . Wahlala kuleyo ndima de wathatha umhlala phantsi ngo-1958.
Uvulindlela we-pantry
Xa ucinga uBetty Crocker, into yokuqala onokucinga ngayo ngumxube wekhekhe kunye neqabaka. Nangona uBetty Crocker wayenguye okokuqala kwamkelwa kwilizwe lonke uphawu lokumilisela i-gluten-free brownie, cookie, kunye nemixube yekhekhe kwiivenkile zokutya zemveli, imveliso yakhe yokuqala yayingaphantsi kwencasa. Imveliso yokuqala ayibeke kuyo itywina lokuvunywa kwakhe Umxube wesobho we-noodle ngo-1941. Imixube yekhekhe ayifikanga kude kube ngo-1947.
Ungumbhali othengisa kakhulu (amaxesha amaninzi ngaphezulu)
UBetty Crocker / Facebook Ngaphambi kwetyala le- Incwadi ka-Betty Crocker's Cook Cook Ngo-1950, uBetty Crocker kunye neqela lakhe elisebenza rhoqo babekhupha iincwadi zokupheka. Eyaziwayo njenge 'Big Red' kunye 'The Kitchen Bible', incwadi enesithsaba yathengisa phantse i-2 yezigidi kwiminyaka emibini yokuqala iyodwa. Kwaye incwadi leyo wathelekisa eyona Bhayibhile kwiintengiso ezininzi ngoku zikwinguqulelo ye-12 nolwabiwo ngaphezulu Iikopi ezingama-75 ezigidi . Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iqela elisemva kukaBetty Crocker lenze ngaphezulu Iincwadi zokupheka ezingama-250 , into emangalisayo eyenziweyo.
lungakanani ubisi oluninzi
Wayeluphawu lwentengiso lwentsebenzo yokuqala
U-1950 wayengengunyaka nje 'woBomvu oMkhulu', ikwangunyaka wokuba iGeneral Mills yenze into engekho enye inkampani ngaphambi kokuba izame ukuzama. Baye balwandisa uphawu lwentengiso lweBetty Crocker kwi '... ubukhulu becala bokwenza isenzo somntu ,' ngoku ka Ubudala beNtengiso . UAdelaide Hawley Cumming, owayesakuba ngumlingisi eVaudeville, wayequlethe konke uBetty Crocker. Ukususela ngo-1950 ukuya ekuqaleni kwee-1960 UMongameli wokuqala waseMelika wokutya yayiyeyona nto iphambili kumabonwakude. Ukusuka ukufundisa UGeorge Burns kunye noGracie Allen ukubhaka ukusingathwa UBetty Crocker Umabonwakude kwaye I-Betty Crocker Star Matinee, Ubomi bokwenyani bukaBetty Crocker waboleka ubuntu kunye nokuthembeka kuhlobo.
Wayengumbhexeshi womboniso wokuqala wokupheka
Isikolo sokupheka seBetty Crocker soMoya waqala ukusasaza ngo-1924 kwaye yayiyinkqubo yokuqala yokupheka kunomathotholo. Kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini ilizwi lomboniso othandwayo lalilelakhe Umntwana waseMarjorie Husted , naye wabhala kwaye wabamba inkqubo. Emva kokucholwa kuzwelonke yi-NBC, umboniso waqhubeka waba enye yexesha elide isebenza Iinkqubo zikanomathotholo kwimbali, ukunetha ngaphezulu Isigidi esinye sabaphulaphuli .
Ulitshantliziyo
Imifanekiso kaGetty Akukho namnye onokuma ecaleni ngelixa ilizwe lisiya emfazweni ngo-1943, uBetty Crocker wavelisa isikhokelo sexesha lokutya ukuze abasetyhini ekhaya bakwazi ukunceda umzamo wemfazwe ngokulinganisa ukutya kwabo. Isikhokelo samanyathelo ngamanyathelo akhe, njengoko kucacisiwe ngu I-Clutter ehleliweyo bafundise abo basekhaya iindlela ezilungileyo zokolula yonke into ukusuka kwinyama ukuya kwimifuno kunye nokutya okunamafutha.
Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, uMarjorie Child Husted yayililizwi likaBetty Crocker kunye noqoqosho kunye nomhleli weencwadi zokupheka, kodwa wayezimisele kakhulu ngokuxhobisa abantu basetyhini. Ngoku ka inqaku ovela kuMbutho waseMelika waseDyunivesithi yabafazi (iAAUW), uHusted wayekholelwa ukuba umsebenzi awenzayo njengoBetty Crocker wanika abantu basetyhini umbono wokubaluleka. Ngomnyaka we-1948, ekuqapheliseni umsebenzi wakhe wobuvulindlela, uMongameli uHarry Truman wawongwa nge-Husted ngeBhaso loMfazi woNyaka kwi-Women's National Press Club. Kwakulilungelo awabelana ngalo ngaloo nyaka no-Eleanor Roosevelt, uMakhulu uMoses, kunye noSodolophu wasePortland uDorothy McCullough Lee.
Ungumxhasi we-LGBT
Nanamhlanje, uBetty Crocker ubonakalisa ukuba uyaqhubeka nokuxhobisa usapho ngamandla, nokuba ngubani oyinxalenye yosapho. Ngo-2014 Ubudala beNtengiso inqaku uncome kakhulu uBetty Crocker, oqale ukufumana ingqwalaselo entle ngokubonelela amaqebengwana omtshato kubantu abathandana besini esifanayo kwilizwe lasekhaya laseMinnesota. Baye batyhala umyalezo kubathengi babo, becela abantu ukuba babhake Iidyuli ezinemixholo yomnyama ukubonisa ikratshi labo.
Unempembelelo kwihlabathi liphela
Kuthatha okuninzi ukwamkelwa, kwaye uBetty Crocker ukwazile ukuhlala phezulu kangangeminyaka eli-100. Ngo-2015 Iindaba zeNew York Daily Inqaku limbeka njengomnye wabalinganiswa abasibhozo abaneempembelelo kunye noSanta Claus, uBarbie kunye noMalume Sam. Kwaye ukuthandwa kwakhe ayisiyonto nje yasekhaya. Inkqubo ye- phakathi empuma nguBetty Crocker intengiso yesibini enkulu emva kwe-U.S. kunye nokhenketho lwendawo lubonisa iindlela zokupheka zommandla kubandakanya yonke into evela I-strawberry yaphakama izidenge zekrimu yamanzi zokupheka ezingama-30 zeRamadan.
