Ayinamsebenzi nokuba ubabiza ngokuba ziichips okanye ii-crisps, zezinye zokutya okuthandwa kakhulu okulula ehlabathini. Idume kangakanani? Ngokwe- UMbutho wabaLimi beetapile eMantla , umndilili waseMelika utya ujikeleze iiponti ezine zazo unyaka nonyaka, kwaye ngo-2011, oko kongeze ukuya kwi-1.5 yeebhiliyoni zeepawundi zeetshipsi. Ixesha leMali Ithi malunga ne-11.2 yezigidi zeepawundi zeetshipsi ziyatyiwa NgeCawa yeSuper Bowl iyodwa, kwaye lelo lixabiso elingacingekiyo leetshiphusi.
Ayisiyiyo iMelika kuphela ethanda iichips zayo, kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo ezothusayo zeencasa ezifumaneka kwihlabathi liphela. Ukuhambahamba, uyakufumana iichips kunye netshokholethi, ibhakoni ebhaka kunye netshizi kunye nolwandle, iblueberry, ibrie kunye necranberry, kunye neetshiphusi ezikhethiweyo (nge Inethiwekhi yokutya ). Ihlabathi lonke liyabathanda, kodwa sibheja bambalwa kakhulu abantu abalaziyo ibali labo elingaqhelekanga. Iitapile zetshiphusi zinembali emangalisayo engaqhelekanga ebandakanya yonke into ukusuka kwixesha lemiba yokuthintela ubuhlanga ukuya kubuhlanga kunye namarhe ezinto eziyimfihlo ezifumaneka kakuhle kwigumbi lokulala. Yothusa? Esi sisiqalo nje.
Ibali lemvelaphi yento yeetapile yintsomi
Ibali elithandwayo lokuyilwa kwe-chip yeetapile kukuba ngo-1853, umpheki waseNew York uGeorge Crum wakhonza isidlo sikaCornelius Vanderbilt, owayithumela ekhitshini kuba iifry zazityebe kakhulu. Ukuphendula, i-Crum yaqhotsa ezinye iitapile zokucheba ezityhafileyo kakhulu kwaye yazithumela kwakhona, kuba abanye abantu abakuthandi ukugxekwa. Iichips zazibethwa, kwaye imikhwa yokutya amashwamshwam yatshintsha unaphakade.
Ngaba i-shrimp ayilunganga kuwe
Okanye, ngaba babenjalo?
Hayi ngokukhawuleza, utsho JSTOR Yonke imihla . Elilikhulu ibali njengoko linokuba njalo, akukho nanye eyinyani. Baqala ngenyani yokuba uVanderbilt wayengekho e-US ngelo xesha isehlo ekucingelwa ukuba senzekile, kwaye bongeze ukuba ukusikwa kwamaphephandaba ukusukela ngo-1849 bacule umpheki ogama linguEliza, owayedume kakhulu ngokuqhotsa kwakhe iitapile. Ngethuba lokuqala ibali malunga neCrum liye laboniswa ngo-1885, kwaye iVanderbilt ayizange ifakwe kwibali kude kube ngaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka kamva. Ababhali-mbali abanalo nofifi lokuba liyintoni kanye kanye ibali, kodwa ukrokrela ukuba ichanekile ngakumbi into yokuba iCrum incedisile ukuyazisa, endaweni yokuyila. Ke ivela phi?
Basenokuba baqala njengokutya kwezempilo
Inomdla kakhulu bathathe umpu ekulandeleleni imvelaphi yokwenyani yeetapile chip, kwaye ngokwento abayifumeneyo, abantu baseMelika kusenokwenzeka ukuba bababiza ngokuba 'zii-crisps' endaweni yoko. Ngelixa ibango likaCrum lodumo lafika ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19, ugqirha wase-Bhritane uWilliam Kitchiner, MD, wabhala I-Oracle ye-Cook Yakhutshwa e-US ngo-1829, kwaye yayiqulathe iresiphi 'yeetapile eziqhotsiweyo kwiiSlices okanye eShavings'.
Incwadi ibize iitapile ukuba zixotyulwe emva koko zisikwe okanye zichetywe ngokungathi 'uya kuyichuba ilamuni.' I-shavings-okanye ikota yeesentimitha ezinobunzima obunzima-emva koko yayiza kutyholwa 'kwisinqumelo okanye xa ivuza,' kwaye nje ukuba zibe mnandi, kufuneka zishiywe zipholile zifefe Enetyiwa . Ngokuqinisekileyo iyavakala iqhelekile, ngubani ke lo mfo kaKitchiner?
Ngokwentshayelelo yale ncwadi, wayengugqirha owayexhalabile kakhulu ekulungiseleleni ukutya. Waye waqaphela ukuba abantu abaninzi banike ingqalelo ngakumbi kumgangatho wokutya kwezilwanyana kunokwabo, kwaye wayihlanganisa le ncwadi ukuze afundise abantu isondlo esifanelekileyo. Apho unayo - iitapile zetapile kukutya kwezempilo kwexesha leVictorian.
Zange babenelungelo elilodwa lomenzi
Nangona engazange ayile i-chip yeetapile, uGeorge Crum usenokunikwa i-kudos ngokubenza ukuba badume. Wayengowokuqala ukubeka iitapile zeetapile kwimephu yolwazi, ngokungathi kunjalo, kwaye ngokwe IZiko leTekhnoloji laseMassachusetts , Iichips zeetapile zekrum zazidume ngokungenangqondo, kwaye zabizwa ngokuba zii 'Saratoga Chips.' Xa uCrum evula indawo yakhe yokutyela, iCrumbs House, enye yezinto eyenze ukuba ibe yinto ehlekisayo yayiyibhasikithi yeetshipsi awayeyibeka kwitafile nganye.
Ungacinga ukuba ngekhe enze into yokuxhasa ukuthandwa kwe-chip, kodwa uCrum akazange azame nokwenza ilungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza ukuba yayiyintoni, ngeenjongo ezininzi, kuyilo lwentengiso yakhe. Kungenxa yokuba akukho lixa lobuchule bokupheka obunokuvumela iCrum ukuba ifake isicelo selungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza. Unyana katata omnyama kunye nomama waseMelika waseMelika, Iindaba zeFox utsho uCrum ngokuvunyelweyo ukuba afake isicelo selungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza. Yayilinani elincinci elichanekileyo elingakhange likonwabele, kwaye sikweso sizathu sokuba iitshipsi zeetapile zaphindaphindwa zathengiswa ngaphandle kokufumana iCrum, ewe, naziphi na iimvuthu.
Lay's njenge-aphrodisiac
Imifanekiso kaGetty Iitshiphusi zeLat zezinye zezona zinto zaziwayo e-US, kwaye ukuba uneminyaka ethile (malunga ne-11) kunye nengqondo, unokucinga ukuba igama elithi 'Lay's' liyingozi encinci kwaye lihle kakhulu. Okumangalisa kukuba, awuyi kuba yinto ephosakeleyo ngokupheleleyo.
Ngoku ka Snopes , UHerman Lay wayengomnye wabantu bokuqala ukwenza iitshiphusi zetapile kwinto yorhwebo. Uqale eMazantsi mpuma eMelika, kwaye imveliso yakhe yafumana amandla amakhulu ekuthandeni ngenxa yesimangalo esimangalisayo. Amahemuhemu amnandi athi iichips zinomgangatho othile we-aphrodisiac, kwaye ayilulo uhlobo lwamahemuhemu umthengisi onomdla angazama ukubamba.
abatsha abatsha kwi-burger king
Inkolelo yemfihlakalo yendalo yamazambane ibuye umva umgama omde, ubuncinci, itsho USmithsonian , ukuya kwinkulungwane ye-18 eYurophu. Kwakucingelwa ukuba yi-aphrodisiac kwaye inamandla okuphilisa iqhenqa, elinokuba yeyona indibaniselwano imangalisayo yamandla amakhulu.
Ingxowa yinto enkulu
Imifanekiso kaGetty Kubonakala kusengqiqweni namhlanje: iitshiphusi zeetapile zingena ezingxoweni. Kodwa amashumi eminyaka, abantu batya iitshiphusi zabo kwiibhaskithi, imiphanda, okanye iitoti, kwaye ngumsebenzi omninzi kuwo wonke umntu. Kwakungekho kude kube ULaura Clough Scudder yazisa umbono wokupakisha iichips ezingxoweni ezinokubakho kwintengiso enkulu kwizinga lezorhwebo kunokwenzeka.
Ngoku ka Iichips kunye neecrisps , UScudder wayexhalabele ikakhulu ukugcina iichips zakhe zihlaziyekile. Uye wagunyazisa abasebenzi bakhe ngomsebenzi wasemva kweeyure, ebanika amaphepha e-wax kwaye ebacela ukuba bachithe ngokuhlwa bayoku-ayina kunye benze iibhegi abazakuzalisa kwaye batywine ngosuku olulandelayo. Inkampani yakhe yasekwa ngo-1926, kwaye ezo ngxowa zezinye zezinto zokuqala awazongeza kwinkqubo yeetapile. Ukuqaqamba, akunjalo?
Iscudder sikwenzile igama lenkampani yakhe ngokusekwe kubutsha, kwaye ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba kutsha, ukwazise enye into kwihlabathi leetapile: imihla ezingxoweni.
UAl Capone wayebathanda
Uninzi lweendlela zokupheka zeetapile zibizwa ukuba zibile iitapile kwilard, kwaye isinqumelo lelinye lala magama angavakaliyo nokuba anomdla. Namhlanje, sisebenzisa ioyile ukwenza i-fry chip ngaphakathi, kwaye utshintsho luye ngendlela engaqhelekanga.
Kwakungo-1927 xa ibhaso elinye lamabhaso uLeonard Japp wagqiba kwelokuba aziphilise ngendlela encinci yohlwaya emzimbeni, wajika watya ukutya okutyiwa. Ngowokuqala otshintshele kwiifrys zetapile kwioyile, kwaye inkampani yayiyeyona nto yabulela kakhulu kumthengi omnye omkhulu: Al Capone.
Ngoku ka Icala lase Mzantsi ngeveki , UCapone wayesele etshintshile iitapile zetapile eNew York, kwaye usomashishini osakhasayo, waqonda ukuba bazokulungela ixesha lakhe lokuthintela iintetho. UJapp - owaqala ukuthengisa iitshiphusi esitratweni - wakhwela kwileli yempumelelo, wavula iifektri ukuvelisa inani leetshiphusi ezifunekayo nguCapone, kwaye iitshipsi zakhe eziqhotsiweyo zeoyile zaduma kakhulu. Ngelishwa, imvakalelo yokulwa neJapan ejikeleze iMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi yayinyanzelisa ukuba kutshintshwe igama, kwaye uJapp waba nguJay. Kwaye ngokwe-2000 ye-obituary yakhe IChicago Tribune Yonke le nto iqale ngotyalo-mali lweshishini lokuqala lwe- $ 27.50, kwaye itshintshe indlela esenza ngayo iichips.
Isitya sesonka esine-domino siphelile
I-WWII yabenza baba bakhulu ngakumbi
Imfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi yatshintsha izinto ezininzi, kwaye oko kubandakanya iitshiphusi zetapile. Ngoku ka Ukutya nokusela kwiMbali yaseMelika , babebhengezwe kwasekuqaleni ukuba 'kukutya okungabalulekanga', nto leyo ethetha ukuba yonke imveliso yeetapile kufuneka igqityiwe ukuphela kwemfazwe. Ngeli xesha, bekukho abavelisi aboneleyo ukuba babenomdlandla wokuphembelela ngempumelelo inguqu kwisikhundla, kwaye ukuyibhukuqa yenye yezona zinto zibalaseleyo ezazinokwenzeka kwishishini leetap yezambane ngezizathu ezimbalwa.
Okokuqala, iswekile yayixolelwa kwaye ukubakho kwezinto ezimnandi, ezonwabisayo zazisezantsi. Abantu baphethukela kwiitshipsi zeetapile ukwanelisa iminqweno yabo yokutya okuncinci, kwaye ukuthengisa kwanyuka phezulu ngaphambili.
Kwelinye ilizwe, amajoni ayexhaswe ziichips, nazo. Ngoku ka Umnxeba , Babesele bezinzile nkqi kwinkcubeko yase-Bhritane, kwaye iinqanawa zonke zomkhosi ezazipakishwe ngeetshiphusi (okanye, ngokuchanekileyo, ii-crisps) zavalwa zaya kuzisa ukulunga kwazo okungaginyisi mathe kwimikhosi yama-Allied kwihlabathi liphela.
Khange bakhethe ixesha elide
Iichips zeetapile ezinencasa azinikwanga nje, zinokumangalisa ngokuthe ngqo. IPanda ekruquliweyo ubala i-ginger ye-wasabi, ibhotolo yegalikhi, kunye nepepermint emhlophe yetshokholethi phakathi kweyona nto ingaqhelekanga bayifumeneyo, kwaye kukukrwela nje umphezulu. Intle kakhulu kwaye yonke into ibekiwe kwitshiphusi yeetapile, kodwa ngaphambi kwee-1950s, yayicacile okanye akukho nto. Abathengi kuye kwafuneka badibanise ityuwa ngokwabo, kunye Iposi likaHuffington Ngexesha elizayo xa uzokumba engxoweni yeetshiphusi ezinencasa, kufuneka ubulele uJoe 'Spud' Murphy waseIreland.
UMurphy waseka iTayto ngo-1954, nto leyo iyamangalisa, ejonga indlela angazithandi ngayo iichips ezingenanto. Wababiza ngokuba 'ngabangenangqondo,' kwaye bazimisele ukuphucula inkqubo yokuvelisa eya kubavumela ukuba banambithe iichips. Yena-kunye nomqeshwa uSeamus Burke, uyongeza Inomdla kakhulu - bayenzile, kwaye xa bekhupha i-chip yabo yokuqala enencasa, ilizwe le-snack alikhange lijonge ngasemva.
Iincasa zokuqala zikaTayto zisesona sithandwa kakhulu namhlanje: itshizi kunye netswele, emva koko ityuwa kunye neviniga. Apha e-US, iincasa zokuqala ezikhutshiweyo zazingafani kodwa zingathandwa kangako: Cream Cour kunye neOnion, kunye neBarbecue.
I-Pringles iyimfihlakalo
Imifanekiso kaGetty Kuqala, yintoni egameni? Kukho amabali amabini ahlukeneyo malunga nalapho 'uPringles' avela khona, kwaye IAtlantic Ithi enye yeentsomi ezixeliweyo kukuba iiarhente ezimbini zentengiso ezazibandakanyeka kwintengiso zakuqala zazihlala eCincinnati's Pringle Drive. Kukho enye ithiyori, nangona kunjalo, kwaye kungenzeka ukuba babizwa ngegama likaMark Pringle, umqambi ochithe ixesha elininzi ezama ukwenza inkqubo yokuvelisa eya kuthi ivelise iichips zeetapile ezimile rhoqo.
Ayisiyiyo kuphela ingxoxo malunga nePringles- kukwakho noluvo lokuba ayizizo iitshiphusi zeetapile zobuchwephesha- ubuncinci hayi ngokommiselo ka-1975 we-FDA, amanqaku Ukutya kunye newayini . Kuba zenziwe ngenkqubo eyahlukileyo, bayacelwa ukuba babhalwe 'iitapile zetapile ezenziwe ngeetapile ezomisiweyo,' kwaye kukho omnye umbhalo ongezantsi ongaqhelekanga kwimbali yePringles. Mhlawumbi yiloo nto xa beqala ukuphuma, uPringles wayeyintsilelo embi. Kwakungekho ngo-1980 ukuvuselelwa kwintengiso apho uluntu lwaluzimisele ukwamkela ezi chips ezifanayo, kwaye enye iyimbali.
Ingozi yemoto igcine iCape Cod Potato Chips
Imifanekiso kaGetty Ngokuqinisekileyo, iiLay zilungile, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ukwimeko yento eyahlukileyo eyahlukileyo. IiChips zeetapile zeCape Cod Ngokuqinisekileyo loo nto, kunye neetetile zabo eziphekiweyo zeetshipsi zazithandwa kakhulu sisizathu. Ziphantse azenzekanga, nangona kunjalo.
Eyasungulwa ngo-1980 nguSteve Bernard, bekukho iingxaki ukususela ekuqaleni-kuquka inzondo evela kumfazi owayenendlu ebonakalayo kwi-logo yabo yokuqala. Xa uBernard weva ngayo, ishishini lalinzima kangangokuba waxelela i IChicago Tribune Ndacinga, 'Nenekazi, ukuba ufuna eli shishini, lelakho.' '
Elona nqanaba lisezantsi yayingumhla wokuwa kwemoto ngefestile engaphambili yevenkile yabo yakwaHyannis. Umfazi wakhe kunye nentombi yakhe babekweso sakhiwo, basinda cebetshu kwintlekele kuba babekhethe imizuzwana ngaphambi kwengozi ukuba babuyele ngasemva. Ngelo xesha, babesebenza nomthwalo wabo wokugqibela weetapile, de imali ye-inshurensi yathatha uxinzelelo lwezezimali, kwaye iphepha elikwiphepha lendawo labanika ulwazi olwaludingeka ukuze baphile.
Kutheni iPennsylvania?
Nini IAtlas Obscura bafumanisa ukuba iHanover, ePennsylvania yayisembindini wee-counties ezenza eyona ndawo inkulu yokutya ukutya okune-snack kunye nemveliso yeetapile, benza ukumba ukuzama ukuqonda ukuba yintoni le yenza le ndawo ingathandekiyo ibaluleke kangaka.
Bafumene into enje ngesiphepho esifanelekileyo sokutya okutyayo: abafuduki baseJamani beza neepretzels, itshokholethi yayiqhagamshelwe kumazibuko eFiladelphia, iswekile, kunye nentengiso yamakhoboka, kwaye kukho into ekhethekileyo malunga neetapile zabo, nazo. Indawo inemozulu efumileyo ethi, idityaniswe nomhlaba olinganise isixa esifanelekileyo seasidi, yenza iitapile zeetapile ezifanelekileyo.
Ijeli yepeleyile yomrhwebi
Ezinye zeenkampani zeetapile ezindala emhlabeni zikule paradesi encinci, kwaye amathuba amahle ukuba uhlala ngaphandle kwePA, ngekhe ube neBickel's, Middleswarth, Hartley's, okanye iGibbles. Kodwa usenokuthatha ezinye iichips ezenziwe apha: Isilumko, i-Utz, kunye neHerr zonke zivela kule ndawo yasePennsylvania, kwaye ezinye zeetshipsi zazo zisenziwa ngendlela efanayo naleyo zazinayo ngaphezulu kwenkulungwane eyadlulayo.
Ziyilelwe ngokwenyani ukuze ungatyi enye kuphela
Kubekho itoni yokutya okulula okunehlobo lokuwa kwi-radar yehlabathi, ke yintoni eyenza iitshipsi zetapile zinyamezele? Kukho into engaqhelekanga yengqondo emva kwayo yonke into, kwaye ngo-2013, abaphandi babonisa iziphumo kwiNtlanganiso kaZwelonke kunye nokuBoniswa kwe-American Chemical Society (nge Imicimbi yengqondo ). Olu phononongo lwalukwinto ebizwa ngokuba yi-hedonic hyperphagia, kwaye sisiseko sokuba abantu batya kuba baziva kamnandi, hayi kuba befuna njalo.
Iitapile zetshiphusi zininzi kakhulu ngumntwana wepowusta kule meko, kwaye abaphandi bathi kungenxa yokuba iichips zidibene ngokugqibeleleyo namanqatha, iiCarbs, kunye nezinye izinto eziyimfihlakalo ezichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo amaziko olonwabo kwingqondo. Psychology Namhlanje uthi umgangatho wokulutha weetapile zeetapile unento yokwenza nomxholo wesodium, kwaye ngokungathi akonelanga, Ukugqabhuka komsindo ifumanise ukuba ezo ngxowa zincinci zeetapile zize zenziwe ngolo hlobo ngenjongo. Konke malunga nokudala amava emvakalelo, kwaye oko kusenza ukuba sitye kakhulu ngenxa yokuba sonwabela iichips ngakumbi. Ngoku uyazi.
