Ukutya okuluhlaza kuko konke oku kunomsindo kwezi ntsuku, kwaye ukuba uyathanda ukuqhubeka nendlela yokutya yakutshanje, usenokuba sele uyithi nkxu inzwane kwindawo yokutya ekrwada ngaxa lithile. Kodwa ngaba uyazi ngokwenene ukuba kukuphi ukutya okutyiwa kakhulu kuluhlaza? Okanye kukutya okukhoyo ikhuselekile ukutya okuluhlaza?
Ngaphambi kokuba uye entloko kuqala kwi-regimen yokutya okrwada-konke-ixesha, kukho izinto ezimbalwa onokufuna ukuzazi malunga nendlela yakho entsha yobomi. Ezinye zokutya ezikolu luhlu zinokubonakala ngathi ziyinkukhu. Ngokuqinisekileyo abantu abayifuni ngokuzithandela inkukhu eluhlaza, akunjalo? Ewe kuyavela, enkosi kwisitya esinye esiphuma kwiimenyu zokutyela. Okunye ukutya kolu luhlu kunokukumangalisa- kukho isizathu sokuba uya kufuna ukugcina izandla zakho zingabikho kwintlama yecookie eluhlaza, kodwa ngokuchaseneyo noko besisoloko sixelelwa kona, ayisiyiyo kuphela amaqanda ekufuneka ukhathazeke ngawo.
Ke yintoni enye ekufuneka uyiphephe? Nalu ulusu ekutyeni konke ongafanelanga ukuba ukutyile eluhlaza.
Inkukhu
Enye yezinto zokuqala esizifundayo xa kufikwa ekuphekeni inyama kunye neenkukhu kukuba inkuku enqabileyo yinto no-hayi. Ke kutheni umntu enokutya inkukhu eluhlaza? Kungenxa yokuba ezinye iivenkile zokutyela ziyayiphakela, yiyo loo nto.
Isitya sibizwa mzwqzi , okanye inkukhu yenkukhu, kwaye unokulingwa ukuba uyizame ukuba uyifumana kwimenyu yokutyela. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, ngumqeqeshi oqeqeshiweyo oyilungisayo, ke kufuneka ikhuseleke, akunjalo? Akulunganga kakhulu. ULauri Wright, PhD, unjingalwazi oncedisayo kwimpilo yoluntu kwiYunivesithi yaseMzantsi Florida uxelele Unyango lwezempilo ukuba oku kutya kuyingozi. Inkukhu ithathwa njengokutya okuphezulu kwityhefu yokutya, utshilo. Ukutya inkukhu eluhlaza kukonyusa umngcipheko we-salmonella kunye ne-bacteria ye-campylobacter. Akukho nkukhu ikrwada ikhuselekileyo. '
Uyenza njani i-mcdonald's fries
Inkqubo ye- i-CDC icebisa ukupheka inkukhu kubushushu bangaphakathi be-165 degrees, kwaye i-torisashi iqhelekile yolwandle akukho ngaphezulu kwemizuzwana eli-10- hayi ixesha elaneleyo okanye ubushushu ukubulala iintsholongwane eziyingozi. Ngaphandle kokuba ujonge ukuba nesicaphucaphu, ukugabha, isisu esibuhlungu, kunye nesifo sorhudo, kungcono kakhulu ukuba ungasongi idayisi kwinkukhu eluhlaza (okanye yolwandle).
Inyama yenkomo engumgubo
Kulungile, ngoku xa siwele inkukhu eluhlaza kuluhlu lwethu lokutya, kuthekani ngezinye iintlobo zenyama eluhlaza? Ngelixa sisitya i-steak tartare ngaphandle kwengcinga yesibini, inyama yenkomo yomhlaba yenye into iyonke.
Kwakhona, usenokubuza ukuba ngubani kanye kanye lo utyayo inyama yenkomo eluhlaza ? Abo balandelayo a paleo eluhlaza ukutya, ngubani lowo. Ngelixa abalandeli bokutya becula iingoma zayo, USDA ilumkisa ngobungozi obunxulunyaniswa nokutya inyama ekrwada yomhlaba, ngakumbi u-E. coli usulelo. Ngenxa yokuba ii-bacteria ze-E. Coli ziyakwazi ukuphila kwizikhenkcezisi nakwizikhenkcezisi, singasathethi ke ukuphinda-phinda kumaqondo obushushu asezantsi angama-44 degrees, kubalulekile ukuba inyama yenkomo iphekwe kwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu ngokwaneleyo ukuyibulala (eyi-160 degrees ukuba ukulandela izikhokelo ze-USDA).
Awukaqiniseki? Nantsi inyani eyonwabisayo: Isifundo esenziwe ngu IiNgxelo zabaThengi ye-458 yeepawundi zenyama yenkomo ifumene isampulu nganye ukuba iqulethe 'iibhaktiriya ezibonisa ukungcoliseka kwendle (enterococcus kunye / okanye i-nontoxin-evelisa E. coli).' Ke ngoku, yonke inyama yethu yenkomo iqulethe umbungu , ebonakala ngathi sisizathu esikhulu sokungayityi ikrwada, akunjalo?
Umgubo
Yivume - uthenge ityhubhu yentlama yecookie yeNestlé Toll House ungenanjongo yokubhaka iicookies, nangona ulumkisiwe ngobomi bakho bonke ukuba iyakugulisa, enkosi kwiqanda eliluhlaza eliqulathe. Kodwa kuyacaca ukuba uMama wayengenakulunga malunga noku-inhlama isenokukugulisa, kodwa ayisiyiyo ngenxa yamaqanda njengoko wayehlala esitsho.
Xa kwaqhambuka u-E. Coli ngo-2009 wabuyela kwiNdlu erhafelwayo eluhlaza intlama yecookie , Olunye uphando luye lwafumanisa ukuba oyena nobangela womgubo ngumgubo lowo, hayi amaqanda asetyenziswe kwiresiphi. Njengobumsulwa njengomgubo onokubonakala ngathi, yimveliso yezolimo eluhlaza, ethi ngokwe- i-CDC , kuthetha ukuba 'ayikanyangwa ukubulala iintsholongwane ezinjenge-E. coli,' kwaye ekuphela kwendlela yokuqinisekisa ukuba ezi ntsholongwane ziyabulawa kukupheka ngokupheleleyo i-batter, intlama, okanye nayiphi na into enomgubo. I-CDC ilumkisa ukuba kwanokuphathwa kwentlama ekrwada yobugcisa, njengokudlala okwenziwe ekhaya kunokubangela ukugula ebantwaneni.
Ngaba ukulunywa nje okumbalwa kwezulu kufanelekile kukuhlaselwa sisisu, urhudo olunegazi kunye nokugabha? Oko kuxhomekeke ekubeni uyithanda kangakanani intlama yecookie.
Ubisi
Isenokuba ngumqondiso ombi xa kukho into evaliweyo ukuba ithengiswe I-20 ithi , Ukanti kusekho abantu abaninzi phaya abasela ubisi oluhlaza ngenxa yezibonelelo zezempilo, ungaze ucinge ngazo zonke izibalo ezizoba umfanekiso omfiliba ngobungozi bayo.
Ubisi oluhlaza lunokuba neebhaktiriya eziyingozi, iintsholongwane, kunye neeparasites ezinokubulawa kwinkqubo yokuncitshiswa, kwaye ngokwe i-CDC , 'umngcipheko wokuqhambuka okubangelwa lubisi oluhlaza ubuncinci ubuncinci amaxesha e-150 aphezulu kunengozi yokuqhambuka okubangelwe lubisi lwe-pasteurized.' Ukususela ngo-2007 ukuya ku-2012, kubangele ukuqhuma okungama-81 kumazwe angama-26 ngenxa yeentsholongwane ezinjenge-campylobacter, u-E. Coli, i-salmonella kunye ne-listeria.
Kodwa kuthekani malunga nezo zibonelelo zempilo? Mhlawumbi ubisi oluhlaza kufanelekile emva kwayo yonke loo nto. Hayi ngokwe I-FDA , othi ukunyanjiswa kwamayeza ngokuqinisekileyo akulinciphisi ixabiso lesondlo sobisi, kwaye akubangeli ukunganyamezelani kwe-lactose kunye neempendulo, njengoko abanye bekholelwa njalo. Okona kubaluleke kakhulu, ubisi oluhlaza aluzibulali izifo eziyingozi ngokwalo, kodwa lunokuba njalo bulala wena (okanye ubuncinci, uyagula).
Iimbotyi zezintso
Iimbotyi zezintso ezingafunekiyo mhlawumbi azikho kwimenyu yakho yesidlo sangokuhlwa, kwaye yinto entle leyo - ziyamangalisa Inetyhefu . Nangona ezinye iimbotyi ziqulathe, amanqanaba e-phytohaemagglutinin aphezulu ngokungaqhelekanga kwiimbotyi zezintso ezingaphekwanga, kwaye ikhemikhali inokubangela ukuphazamiseka kwamathumbu ngaphakathi kwiiyure ezimbalwa zokusetyenziswa, ukusuka kumbalwa njengobhontshisi bezintso ezine.
emnyama vs inkukhu emhlophe
Kodwa akukho mntu usezingqondweni zabo ezifanelekileyo ophuma eziluhlaza, yintoni ke ingxaki? Ewe, nokuba iimbotyi zezintso ezingaphekwanga zinokubangela ukugula, kunye neendaba ezimbi kubo bonke abathandi be-Crock Pot Pot apho-ukupheka kancinci iimbotyi zakho zezintso yindlela efanelekileyo yokugula. Phila womelele Iingxelo zokuba uhlalutyo lufunyenwe 'lungaphekwanga ngokwaneleyo' iimbotyi zisaqulathe amanqanaba aphezulu etyhefu, kwaye ukunqanda nawuphi na umngcipheko ubhontshisi kufuneka ufakwe ubusuku bonke emva koko ubiliswe imizuzu eli-10 ubuncinci. Ukupheka okuphantsi kunye nokucothayo akuyinqumli apha, njengoko iimbotyi zingafiki kubushushu obaneleyo ngokwaneleyo ukuba amanqanaba e-toxin ehle. Iimbotyi ezinamathanga zivakala zilungile ngoku, akunjalo?
Isaziso sokugqibela senkonzo yoluntu: Ukuba abantwana bakho bake badlala neembotyi ezomileyo ngexesha lobugcisa, uya kufuna ukukhetha iimbotyi zezintso ukunqanda ukugabha kunye norhudo.
Iitapile
Kuyabonakala ukuba kukho abantu abonwabela ukutya iitapile eziluhlaza, njengalo mfundi Umbutho weSan Diego-Tribune ngubani obakhetha ukuba baphekwe, kwaye babhale babuza ukuba ingaba umkhwa wabo wokutya ongaqhelekanga ukhuselekile na. Ke sithini isigwebo?
Kukho izizathu ezimbalwa oza kufuna ukunqanda ukutya okuzinzileyo iitapile eluhlaza . Okokuqala, ziqulathe isitatshi esinganyangekiyo, esingenako ukuba imizimba yethu siwaphule, oko kuthetha ukuba zinikezelwa zingaginywa kwaye zibonelela ngesibonelelo esincinci sesondlo Njengebhonasi eyongeziweyo, njengoko iitapile ezingagqitywanga zihamba ngenkqubo yethu, kunokwenzeka ukuba izise irhasi, icampu, kunye nokudumba kunye nayo. Okwesibini, iitapile eziluhlaza zine-enzyme ethintela izinto ezingafunekiyo, ezenza ukuba kube nzima kumzimba wakho ukutya okunye ukutya, ayisiyonto intle yokutya okunesondlo. Okokugqibela, ngaphandle kokuba uxobuka iitapile ngaphambi kokuba ungene kuyo, amathuba alungile ukuba ibhaktiriya esemhlabeni isekhona eluswini, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo awufuni kuyitya loo nto.
Kwaye kuthekani ngeetapile eziluhlaza? Iluhlaza okanye iphekiwe, ngokuqinisekileyo uya kufuna ukuzikhupha kwezo zinto ngenxa yomxholo we-solanine, ikhompawundi enetyhefu enokubangela isicaphucaphu, urhudo, iintloko eziqaqambayo, kunye nelona tyala libi, ukufa.
Indlu maxwell vs abantu
Amahlumela
Ukuba kubonakala ngathi amahlumela aluhlaza ahlala esembindini wokuqhambuka kwaye uyakhumbula, ayisiyongcinga yakho-ukusukela ngo-1998, ngaphezulu kokuqhambuka okungama-30 kokugula okubangelwa kukutya kunxulunyaniswa nesithako. Ke kutheni le nto amandla ombane enesondlo ebangela ukugula okungaka? Konke malunga nendlela abakhule ngayo.
Amahlumela akhula kwindawo efumileyo, efumileyo, kwaye iibhaktiriya ezinje ngo-E. Coli kunye ne-salmonella ziyaphumelela kwezo meko. Iibhaktheriya azinakuhlanjwa ngokulula, kwaye nangona zivunyiwe unyango ijolise ekunciphiseni ibhaktiriya eyingozi, kuba ayinakubonwa okanye ivumba, kunzima ukuyiphelisa ngokupheleleyo.
Inkqubo ye- Iziko loPhando kunye noMgaqo-nkqubo weSifo esosulelayo Iingxelo zokuthi ngokweCDC, uya kwenza ngcono ukunqanda amahlumelo aluhlaza ngokupheleleyo. Ngaphandle kokunikezelwa apho, amahlumelo aluhlaza kunye nephekiweyo ayingumthombo owaziwayo wokugula okubangelwa kukutya kunye nokuqhambuka, utshilo umbutho. 'Abantu abakhetha ukutya amahlumelo kufuneka bazipheke kakuhle ukunciphisa ubungozi bokugula.'
Izinja ezishushu
Ngokobuchwephesha, 'eluhlaza' izinja ezishushu sele uphekwe ngaphambili, kodwa ukuba ucinga ngokutsala ngokuthe ngqo efrijini kwaye utsibe i-microwave kumzamo wokukhawulezisa abantwana abathile abalambileyo, kuya kufuneka ucinge kwakhona. Kungenxa yokuba isoyikiso se-listeriosis siyinyani xa kuziwa kwizinja ezingafudumali. (Kuyinyani ukuba USDA icebisa ukuba xa ushiya iivenkile zokutya, kufuneka 'uye ngqo ekhaya kwaye ubandisele efrijini okanye uzifrize ngokukhawuleza' ukunqanda umngcipheko.)
IListeria monocytogenes Iibhaktheriya zingafumaneka kwizilwanyana ezilungisiweyo, njengezinja ezishushu, inyama yasemini, kunye nezinye iisoseji, kwaye ngokwe-USDA, ngenxa yokuba ibhaktiriya inokuqhubeka nokukhula nokuba ukutya kukufriji, kufuneka ziphinde zifudunyezwe de 'kushushu' ukuthintela ukugula . I-Listeriosis iyingozi ngakumbi kubantu abasemngciphekweni, kwaye inokubangela ukugodola, umkhuhlane, umqolo obuhlungu, intloko ebuhlungu, isisu esibuhlungu, iintlungu esiswini, urhudo, kunye nokukhulelwa kwesisu kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo. Ngapha koko, xa kufikwa kumxholo wabasetyhini abakhulelweyo besitya izinja ezingaphekwanga, i I-FDA Ngokwenyani ithi, 'Ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuphinda uhlaziye izinja ezishushu, ungazityi. '
Amaqanda
Ngumkhwa oqhelekileyo we-stereo yempilo ephezulu yokuzivocavoca: Ukuhla kweqanda eliluhlaza okanye ezimbini emva kokuzilolonga kwaye uvune izibonelelo zazo zonke iiprotein ezingangxengwanga. Kodwa ukuba ingcinga yokwehlisa iqanda le-gelatin ikwenza ufune ukuphosa, sineendaba ezimnandi-amaqanda aluhlaza ayizizo zonke aqhekekileyo kuzo. (Jonga into esiyenzileyo apho?)
Siyazi ukuba amaqanda angumthombo omkhulu weprotheni, kodwa ukuba ucula iindumiso zeqanda eliluhlaza ngenxa yesi sizathu sodwa, ungaphakathi ekuvukeni okukhohlakeleyo. Ngoku ka Unyango lwezempilo , uphononongo lubonise ukuba iipesenti ezingama-90 zale protein zifunxwa xa kuphekwe iqanda, kuthelekiswa neepesenti ezingama-50 kuphela xa ziluhlaza. Kwaye nangona ezinye izakhamzimba zincipha kancinci kwinkqubo yokupheka, loo mahluko ekufunxweni kweeprotein kunzima ukuwutyeshela, kuba sesona sizathu uninzi lwethu luhlahlela amaqanda kwasekuqaleni.
Ngaphandle komcimbi weprotein, eluhlaza amaqanda uthwala umngcipheko we-salmonella ityhefu, yiyo loo nto ukukhetha ukhetho oluncitshisiweyo kubalulekile. Kodwa njengakugula kakhulu kukutya, abantu abasemngciphekweni omkhulu kufuneka ngokuqinisekileyo bakuphephe ukuzonwabisa nge-smoothie ekrwada ye-egg, pasteurized okanye hayi.
