Indawo yokutyela entle mhlawumbi kwindawo ethile kwikamva lakho elikufutshane ukuba uneeplani ezinkulu zesidlo sangokuhlwa esikhulayo okanye ufuna nje ukuba nobusuku ngaphandle kwenye indawo ngaphandle kwamaphepha. Kwaye kuba ayilixesha lakho lokuqala ukufumana yonke into kwaye utye imali emnandi, unokucinga ukuba unesiphatho esihle sendlela yokuziphatha. Kodwa nantsi into: Kukho iimpazamo ezithile oza kuzenza xa usitya kumaziko aphezulu.
Sonke singabafundi bemihla yale nto ibizwa ngokuba bubomi, ke yintoni ingozi kwesinye isifundo okanye ezibini (okanye, kule meko, 12)? Ukuba ucinga malunga noku, ukuzisola - uxolo, kwafuneka uthambise ubuncinci ukutya okukodwa kwindawo ethile - indlela yakho efanelekileyo yokutyela yinto efanelekileyo. Uwisa iidola ezinzulu ukonwabela ukutya okumnandi; ufuna ukuba ibe ngamava angenamthungo. Ibhonasi? Kuncinci ukuba uza kukhubekisa umpheki opheka isidlo sakho sokutya.
Kulo moya, nazi iimpazamo ezimbalwa eziqhelekileyo esizenzayo kwiindawo zokutyela ezintle, kunye neengcebiso ezimbalwa zokuphepha.
Ukucoca isitya ngeendlela eziqhelekileyo
Ukuba ufuna ukuya kwisidlo sakho osithandayo, odola inyama yengulube, kwaye uyihlambe kuyo isonka , lilungelo lakho elo. Ngale nto, lilungelo lakho ukuba utye ukutya okufunayo nangayiphi na indlela ofuna ngayo. Kodwa masicace gca: Ukuba uya kwindawo yokutyela esezingeni eliphezulu, odola isitya esimnandi, emva koko ucele i-run-of-the-mill condiment yokugalela konke ukutya, uya kufumana ingqumbo yompheki.
Ngo-2017, Ezizimeleyo bathathe ubuchwephesha babapheki bokumisela ezinye zezona zinkulu zinxulumene nezidlo zedinala. Ayothusi into yokuba ukuthatha inkululeko ngenkululeko okanye ezinye izinongo zajika zangumphambukeli. Ngokuka-Helena Puolakka, umpheki ophetheyo kwindawo yokutyela yase-Nordic-French e-Aster, izidlo akufuneki 'zibuze iTabasco kwindawo yokutyela elungileyo.' Ngoba? 'Kukunyelisa nje,' wanyanzela uPuolakka. URichard Bainbridge, umpheki kunye nomnini wevenkile yokutyela eBritane iBenedict, naye wayenethambo lesifaniso lokukhetha kunye nabaxhasi basebenzise itafile yokutya ukuze balungiselele ukutya kwabo. 'Eyona nto imbi umntu anokuyenza kukubeka ityuwa nepepile ekutyeni kwabo ngaphambi kokuba bazame,' ucacisile. 'Ukunkcenkceshela umntu kukodwa kodwa ubunokuyinika ithuba lokuqala.'
Okukwintsusa? Ukuba isinongo sesitya nje asibetheli ndawo ngenxa yesizathu esithile, makazise umpheki ukuze bakwazi ukufezekisa izinto ozilindeleyo kunye nezabo.
Ukushiya i-napkin yakho etafileni
Abanye (funda: baninzi) bethu abakhumbuli nokubamba i-napkin ngaphambi kokuba sihlale phantsi sizokutya ekhaya okanye, kulungile, naphina. Ke, ukufumanisa ukuba wenzeni ngefashoni yelinen yelinen kwivenkile yokutyela entle kunokuba yinto ephazamisayo. Uninzi lwabantu alunalo nofifi malunga ne-napkin etiquette, ngaphandle kwaxa umntu etafileni evuthela impumlo yakhe kwi-napkin. Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba kukrwada (ngaphandle komntu okwenzayo), utshilo ingcali kwezokuziphatha uJacqueline Whitmore Forbes ngo-2013. Kodwa isilumkiso sombhuqi - i-napkin etiquette yinto, kwaye uya kuyichasa into enye okanye ezimbini.
Kubaqalayo, kukho enye engenakuphikiswa. Umthetho osisiseko: yibeke emathangeni akho kwaye ungayishiyi etafileni, utshilo uWhitmore. Kukho indlela ethile ekufuneka ulungiselele ngayo i-napkin yakho xa uyibeka emathangeni akho. 'I-napkin enkulu isongwe kwisiqingatha kwaye isihlangu sijonge esinqeni, ngelixa i-napkin encinci ivulwa ngokupheleleyo. Kwiivenkile zokutyela ezikumgangatho ophezulu, umncedisi angafaka i-napkin ethangeni lakho, 'kuchaza uWhitmore. Ukuba ufuna ukuzithethelela ngaso nasiphi na isizathu ngexesha lesidlo, umthetho malunga nokungashiyi i-napkin yakho etafileni isemi. 'Ukuba uyayishiya itafile ngexesha lesidlo, beka i-napkin, isongelwe ngokukhululekileyo, kwisihlalo sakho,' wongeze watsho uWhitmore.
Kutheni le nto amanzi e-fiji emhle kangaka
Ukubeka iingqiniba zakho phezu kwetafile
Ngubani phakathi kwethu onokuthi asikaze sibe netyala lale fax pas yokutya? Unandipha isidlo esimnandi, ulahleka kwincoko, kwaye, ngaphambi kokuba wazi, uncike ngeengqiniba zakho phezu kwetafile. Okwangoku, ngenxa yokuba sonke siyenza loo nto ayithethi ukuba ithathwa ngokuba yamkelekile ngokupheleleyo.
Ngapha koko, uMaralee McKee - 'isimilo sesimanje saseMelika kunye neengcali zokuziphatha' - uthi nangona isimilo sithamba ngokuhamba kwexesha, ezinye iimeko zihlala zifuna ukuba kulandelwe umthetho wesiko. Imikhuba ayimiswanga elityeni; zibhalwe entlabathini. Bavela kunye namaxesha ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zethu kunye nokuziva. Asisasebenzi ngokusesikweni ngoku kunokuba sibuyele ngexesha likagogo, 'utshilo uMcKee kuye Isimilo Mentor blog. Okwangoku, ukubeka nantoni na etafileni engasetyenziswanga ekutyeni kuyinto engathandekiyo. Uye wongeza, 'Kwaye, xa iingqiniba zakho zingekho etafileni, uhleli nkqo. Uphando lubonakalise kaninzi ukuba omde uhleli (okanye ume), kokukhona abantu bekuhoya kwaye babeke igunya elongezelelweyo kunye nexabiso kule nto uyithethayo.
Kukho ezinye izizathu ezifanelekileyo zokugcina ezo ngqiniba ecaleni kwakho, nazo. Ycinge; ukuba uthembele kude kakhulu kwingxoxo ukuba iingqiniba zakho zisetafileni, iya kuyenza ukuba ibe nakho ukubanakho ukungqongqoza into-enye enzulu hayi-hayi kwindawo efanelekileyo yokutya.
Ukungasebenzisi isuphu ngokufanelekileyo
Xa ulambile kwaye umncedisi ebeka izulu kwisitya esiphambi kwakho, kuyaqondakala ngokupheleleyo ukuba ufumana ukuzingxala ngokutya. Ufuna ukuyitya kwaye ufuna ukuyitya nge-ASAP, ke, ewe, uya kuyivuthela ukuba ishushu. Kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo, unokuthi ngengozi wenze isandi esitsibayo xa uzama ukufumana ilahleko nganye elahlekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, iingcali zokuziphatha zineengcebiso ezininzi malunga nendlela yokuphepha ukwenza ezo zinto xa usiya kutya kwindawo yokutyela ephezulu.
Ukuya kuthi ga ngokutyibilika, i Umfundi we-Etiquette Amanqaku ebhlog abonisa ubuchule obufanelekileyo. 'Bamba icephe lesuphu ngokuphumla isiphelo sesiphatho kumnwe wakho ophakathi, kunye nasesithupheni sakho phezulu. Dipha icephe ngecala kwisuphu kumda osondeleyo wesitya, emva koko skim ukusuka ngaphambili kwesitya ukuya ngasemva. Sip kwicala lecephe, thintela isimilo esingafanelekanga kwaye ungoyiki, 'ibhlog ifundeka, ugxininisa ukuba umntu akufuneki abeke isitya emlonyeni wabo. 'Ukufumana icephe lokugqibela lesuphu, thambisa isitya kude kuwe kunye necephe ngendlela esebenza kakuhle.' I-etiquette efanelekileyo yokutya isuphu ayipheli xa isuphu iphela, nangona kunjalo. Xa idrophu yokugqibela ihambileyo, qiniseka ukuba awubeki icephe lakho phantsi kwetafile- kufuneka ibekwe ngaphakathi kwisitya sakho esingenanto, nge Abathandi bokutya abalungileyo .
Sebenzisa ifolokhwe engeyiyo (okanye icephe)
Owu, loo mithetho mihle yesilivere! Ngaba zibaluleke ngokwenene? Ewe, xa usendaweni yokutyela elungileyo. Iivenkile zokutyela ezihamba-hambayo zihamba kuyo yonke ingxaki yokubeka uluhlu lwempahla, emva kwayo yonke loo nto. Ukuba awuzange uqiniseke ngenene ngokwazi kwakho ukuhamba ngendlela esesikweni, ungoyiki- konke okufuneka ukwenze kukukhumbula izinto ezimbalwa eziphambili.
Umgaqo olula ukukhumbula? 'Sebenzisa isilivere ekude kakhulu kwipleyiti yakho kuqala,' ufunda umyalezo Yintoni eMelika yokupheka . Iposi liqaphele, 'Ukuqala ngemela, ifolokhwe, okanye icephe elikude kwipleyiti yakho, sebenza indlela yakho, usebenzisa isixhobo esinye kwikhosi nganye.' Ngokusisiseko, oko kuthetha ukuba ifolokhwe yakho yesaladi iya kuba yeyona ingaphandle ngasekhohlo kwakho, kunye nemfoloko yokutya ecaleni kwayo. Ngasekunene okungaphandle kukho isuphu yakho yesuphu, eyandulelwa yitispuni yakho, emva koko, kufutshane nembasa, imela yakho yokutya.
Ke kukho umba wento oyenzayo ngesilivere yakho xa ugqibile. Ngokucacileyo, kubonakala ngathi kunengqiqo ngandlela thile ukubeka isilivere kwimo ye 'X' kwipleyiti yakho. Nangona kunjalo, nge Ukugcina izindlu kakuhle , kufanelekile ukuba ushiye ifolokhwe yakho kunye nemela kwipleyiti enxibeleleneyo kwindawo 'ye-4: 20,' njengewotshi. Oku 'kubonisa [kwiserver yakho] ukuba uyigqibile ikhosi yakho, kodwa ikwenze kube lula kuye ukuba asuse ipleyiti yakho kunye nezixhobo.
Akukho kubekisa indawo anthony bourdain
Ukurhoxisa ukubhukisha ngomzuzu wokugqibela- okanye kungabonakali
Isenokungabonakali njengeyona nto inkulu ukurhoxisa okanye ukugcisa indawo yokutyela apho ubhukishe khona. Kwaye, ewe, ngamanye amaxesha ubomi benzeka kwaye ukutsiba ngaphandle akunakuphepheka. Okwangoku, kuya kufuneka usoloko unika indawo yokutyela iintloko xa kukho into ekuthintelayo ekugcineni ixesha lakho lokutya owabelweyo.
'Abantu abaninzi abayiqondi impembelelo yokungabikho kwemiboniso kunye nokucinywa kade kwishishini lokutyela,' utshilo uScott Jampol, uSekela Mongameli oPhezulu weNtengiso we-OpenTable, echazwe ngo-2017 njengenxalenye ukuya kwi-PSA ukubongoza izidlo ukuba zibhukishe ngokufanelekileyo. UMichael Voltaggio, umpheki wodumo kunye nomcebisi, obambisene naye Evulekileyo Kwiphulo lokuqala, uchaza ukuba kutheni ukungabonisi kungekho nto ithi: 'Kungabonakala kungenabungozi ukuhlawula ibheyile kodwa ukuba awunakukwazi ukuyenza, ukusazisa kwangethuba kwenza umahluko omkhulu.' Ucacisile, 'Ukuba sihlala sisebenza ukujongana nemiboniso mihla le, ishishini lethu liyasokola. Yiyo loo nto sicela izidlo ukuba zibhukishe ngokufanelekileyo. '
Yintoni iidiners eziyithathela phezulu wonke umsebenzi oqhubeka emva kwezigcawu ukulungiselela abathengi kwindawo yokutyela, singasathethi ke ngempembelelo yemali evela kwiindawo zokutyela ezishiyekileyo zingakwazi ukugcwalisa itafile engenanto ngomzuzu wokugqibela. Izinto ziyavela, kwaye abapheki bayayifumana. Njengoko uMichael Davis ovela kuHlumelo LA uxelele i-OpenTable, iidiners akufuneki zoyike ukucima ukubhukisha-siyakuxabisa ukurhoxiswa kunomboniso.
Ukungahoyi ikhowudi yokunxiba
Nangona kukho ubhetyebhetye apha kuxhomekeka kwindawo yokutyela ositya kuyo, ukuba indawo yokutyela ithi ikhowudi yokunxiba isesikweni, kukungahloniphi iindwendwe ukuba zingayilandeli. UJohn Winterman, ophethe iqabane kwiSixeko saseNew York iBatârd, uxelele Idolophu kunye nelizwe yokunxiba isidlo sangokuhlwa ngokwemigaqo yokunxiba, 'ndiyazihlambalaza ndizihlonele kwaye ndihlonele abanye.' UWinterman ukwaphawule izizathu ezingaziwayo zokutyela zisafaka iikhowudi zokunxiba, esithi, 'Ukuba umntu uza kwenza iinzame kwaye ejongeka emhle kwaye emhle kwaye eyazi ukuba bakwimeko yamava epremiyamu ngexabiso leprimiyamu, ubanika itafile entle embindini wegumbi. Kwaye abantu basabela kuloo nto, xa bebona isihlwele esinxibe kakuhle kwaye sibahle kwaye sikhazimla. '
Kwaye ngelixa ngokuqinisekileyo kukho iivenkile zokutyela ezintle eziguqukele ukulungiselela isihlwele esingaqhelekanga seshishini, uWinterman- kudliwanondlebe olwahlukileyo kunye Forbes - wachaza ukuba Iikhowudi zokunxiba ayizukuhamba ngokupheleleyo. 'Kukho imizekelo phantse kuzo zonke izixeko ezikhulu ezithi zihambelane nesiko elithile lendlela yokunxiba - efuna ibhulukhwe [yokunxiba], umzekelo, okanye ukuvala ii-baseball caps,' utshilo, esongeza ukuba iindlela zokunxiba ezisesikweni azinikezelwanga kwezona zinkulu. iihabhu zokupheka ezinje ngeSixeko saseNew York. 'INew Orleans, iDallas, iSavannah zonke zinamaziko ahloniphekileyo afuna iimpahla ezifanelekileyo. Isiko lidla ngokuba nembeko. '
Ndibiza umncedisi wakho
Ukuba unengxolo Uhlobo lwe-buffet yosapho apho unganxibelelani khona ngaphandle kokukhwaza, yiya. Kodwa ukuba ukule venkile intle, kukho indlela efanelekileyo yokubiza iserver yakho. Inqaku: Akubandakanyi ukukhwaza kwigumbi lonke. UPatrickia Napier-Fitzpatrick, umsunguli kunye nomongameli, 'kufuneka ubambe amehlo akho okanye ubeke isalathiso sakho somnwe kwisandla sakho sasekunene. Isikolo se-Etiquette saseNew York , uxelelwe BestLife Ngo-2018. 'Umntu obamba isidlo nguye onoxanduva lokufumana ingqalelo yomncedisi ukuze bakwazi uku-odola. Ukuba abathengi bakhe okanye nabani na amonwabisayo akonwabanga ngokutya kwabo, unoxanduva lokulinda abantu ukuba beze bazokutshintsha. '
Ngokubanzi, kuya kufuneka uzame ukugcina ivolumu yelizwi lakho kwinqanaba le-decibel esezantsi xa ukwimeko entle yokutya. Okanye, njengoko ingcali ngendlela yokuphila Maura Sweeney uxelele BestLife , 'Sukungxola ngobunono obenziwe ngocoselelo, naphantsi komoya othuleyo olinywe ngabanini bezindlu.'
Ke, wenza ntoni ukuba ukuvenkile yokutyela kwaye, ucinga ukuba ubamba iindwendwe, kufuneka ubize umlindisi wakho? Ngokutsho kwebhlog Ukuvuma kweweyitala , unokhetho oluninzi olwamkelekileyo. Kubaqalayo, zama ukuphakamisa isandla sakho. Nangona kunjalo, oku kuyakusebenza kakuhle ukuba umlungiseleli wakho uhambahamba phantsi kwaye uhambelana netafile yakho. Ukunceda kule yokugqibela, zama ukuba yitafile engalibalekiyo ngokufunda igama leweyitala kwaye usoloko ubaphatha ngentlonipho.
Ukutya isonka ngendlela engeyiyo
Ngubani ongayithandiyo xa isonka esitsha sisiziswa etafileni Phambi kwesidlo? Oku kuvakala kuyinyani ngokukodwa kwiindawo zokutyela ezikumgangatho ophezulu, apho isonka sihlala sisebenza ngobugcisa- cinga ngesikroba esityebileyo, esihlafuna kancinci esigubungela indawo yokukhanya, yomoya, kunye neshushu. Ewe. Akumangalisi ukuba abantu abaninzi banqunyulwe (okanye, masibe yinyani, siqhekeze) isonka esikhulu, sibhotele ngesisa, kwaye sigcine isiqwenga kumacwecwe esonka phakathi kokulunywa.
Ngobungcali bokuziphatha ngokufanelekileyo uMolly Watson nangona kunjalo, ayisiyo-etiquette efanelekileyo yesonka. Uxelele Ukutya kakhulu Ngo-2014 oko, ngokuqinisekileyo, 'kukungqubana.' Nangona kunjalo, kukho ingcinga emva kwale ndlela, eqala ngokusebenzisa imela yebhotolo ukubeka umtya webhotolo kwisitya sebhotile kwisitya sesonka sakho. 'Ngoku nantsi indawo ekhohlisayo kwabanye abantu. Krazula iqhekeza lesonka esilingana nobukhulu bakho. Bamba isiqwenga ngeminwe yakho (hayi entendeni yesandla sakho hayi kwipleyiti), sebenzisa imela yakho ukuyifaka ibhotolo, kwaye uyitye. Phinda nesonka eseleyo njengoko uthanda. '
Isizathu silula ngokumangalisayo: Ekutyeni okusesikweni, kulisiko ukuba utye nakuphi na ukutya okuzisa emlonyeni wakho ngaxeshanye. Ke ngoko, ufuna ukugcina nantoni na oyizisayo emlonyeni wakho encinci ngokwaneleyo ukuba ilawulwe. Kwaye, njengoko uWatson watshoyo, ukwenza oku ngesonka kukuqinisekisa ukuba uhlala unenani elifanelekileyo lebhotolo ngaphandle kokufaka iintsholongwane zakho kwisitya sebhotolo ngokudibanisa kwakhona.
Phambi kwebhasi yakho itafile
Kuthiwa indlela eya esihogweni yenziwe ngeenjongo ezintle, kwaye abanini bezinto zokutyela ezilungileyo banokuzimisela ukuvuma. Kuyabonakala ukuba, izidlo zihlala zisenza izinto ngelizama ukuba luncedo okanye uchubeke- kodwa ezinokuba yinto yobusuku kubasebenzi berestyu. Ngaba ufuna umzekelo? Phambi kwebhasi yakho itafile. Itafile yakho igqityiwe ukutya kwaye uya kuhamba kungekudala, ke uthatha isigqibo sokunceda ngokulungisa zonke izitya zakho, izitya kunye neepkin.
Kodwa ngokukaSuzanne Perry, umnini-mbumba weDatz Restaurant Group eTampa, eFla., Kungangcono ushiye itafile yakho njengoko injalo. Ingcinga entle, uxelele uPerry Ukutya kunye newayini , kodwa 'ukunika iserver ingqokelela yamacwecwe, egalelwe ukutya kunye ne-silverware engalinganiyo- kunye nokufaka i-wad yamaphepha ngaphezulu - yinto encinci yokuthuka kunye ne-messier kunokuba kufanelekile ukuba ibe njalo.'
Ngaphandle koko, unokungayiqondi, kodwa iiseva zinenkqubo ebenza ukuba babe nokusebenza ngakumbi ekugcineni iitafile zicacile. 'Ndingafuna ukufaka iipleyiti ezintathu zokungena engalweni yam emva koko ndibeke ezinye iipleyiti ezincinci kunye nesilivere ngaphezulu koko,' ucacisile omnye uMhlengi, njengoko kuchaziwe ngu Iindaba zeFox . 'Ukuba wonke umntu ugcina izinto, ndinokukhwela kuphela iipleyiti zabantu ababini. Ukuba ndiyafumba, ndingafumana ezininzi ezingakumbi. '
Ukuthetha ngokutya emlonyeni wakho
Kwiimeko zokutya okungaqhelekanga, ukutsiba kwincoko xa usaluthi ukutya emlonyeni wakho yeyona peeve yesilwanyana kubantu abaninzi kunokuba ingabalulekanga. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, akunakulindeleka ukuba nabani na azokuthatha enze umsebenzi wokuthetha ngokutya emlonyeni wakho kwi-BBQ yangasemva. Kodwa ukuba ukwisitya esidlayo, indlela yokuziphatha efanayo iya kuthi ithathelwe ingqalelo njengefom. Kudliwanondlebe kunye HuffPost , UPatricia Napier-Fitzpatrick - umseki kunye nomongameli weEtiquette School yaseNew York - uchaze lo mkhwa ungachazwanga. Zininzi 'izono,' kodwa ndicinga ukuba eyona imbi kakhulu ibiya kuthetha ngokutya emlonyeni wakho, utshilo. Into ebangela umdla kukuba, ukulungisa umntu ukuba enze kanye loo nto ikwayindlela yokuziphatha engafanelekanga. Kujongwa njengokungenabulungisa ukulungisa okanye ukuhlazisa umntu phambi kwabanye abantu, wongeze watsho.
Ukuba ufuna ukutya kwindawo yokutyela ephezulu kwaye umntu akubuze umbuzo, khumbula nje le ngcebiso ivela eNapier-Fitzpatrick. 'Ukuba umntu ukubuza umbuzo xa usandul' ukuluma, eyona nto intle ukuyenza kukuphakamisa umnwe wakho nje 'ngomzuzu nje' ukubazisa uza kuwuphendula umbuzo wabo nje ukuba ugqibile ukuhlafuna nokuginya. intwana yokutya, utshilo.
Ukwenza into enkulu ngaphandle kwetyala
Ukuhlawula ityala kwivenkile yokutyela entle akufuneki kube ngumsitho. Eyona ndlela uyithandayo yokwenza oku kukunika ikhadi lakho i-maître-d 'ekuqaleni kwesidlo kwaye ubazise ukuba uya kutyikitya itsheki kwindlela yokuphuma, nganye BestLife . Kukho ezinye iindlela zokuyiphatha ngebhili ngobulumko nangona. UJonathan Cook, a Quora Umgqabazi onamava ngaphezulu kweshumi lamava njengeseva yokutyela entle, ucebisa enye indlela. Endaweni yokuba 'uzenze ngathi uya kwigumbi lokuhlambela kwaye unike ikhadi lakho kwindlela eya kumncedisi,' ndincoma ukuba ubize ngaphambi kwexesha kwaye ufake ikhadi lakho letyala kwifayile yokutyela, 'ubhale watsho uCook. ukuya ku-2018 Quora umsonto .
Umyalelo wekhekhe weendleko zexabiso
Xa undwendwela indawo yokutyela entle neqela kwaye ungalahli ikhadi lakho ekuqaleni, iserver yakho iya kuzisa ityala kwitafile yakho. Ke, ukuba ufuna ukuhlawula ityala lingabi sisiphazamiso, yenze icace ukuba ungumphathi. Kwimeko entle yokutyela, xa umncedisi ehambisa ityala kwitafile, uya kuyibeka kufutshane nomgcini okanye ayinike ngqo ukuba ngaba umamkeli uyayifikelela, okanye ubeke ityala embindini kwetafile ukuba umamkeli akaqinisekanga ngokucacileyo (umzekelo, ukuba ngaphezulu komntu omnye oyalela iwayini okanye ukutya kwetafile iyonke), ' KQED umbhali uMichael Procopio wabelana ngo-2009.
