UBruce Bennett / Getty Izithombe Unokuziva ngathi uyazi kakuhle umthengisi we-mega iWalmart enikezwe ubume bayo njengegama lekhaya kunye nolunye lweempawu ezaziwayo kweli lizwe, ukuba ayililo ihlabathi. Amathuba kukuba ekubeni ijongwa ngabaninzi njengenkampani ye-polarizing, unokuba nembono elungileyo ngayo-okanye embi kakhulu.
Ngenxa yokuba uninzi lwabantu e-United States luthatha uhambo olunye ukuya kwivenkile yeWalmart minyaka le (nge Quartz ), Kwaye inkampani isebenzisa i-1.5 yezigidi zabantu baseMelika (nge Walmart ), kuyacaca ukuba abathengi abaninzi ubuncinci baqhelene nophawu. Nangona kunjalo, ukusukela kwiintsuku zokuqala zenkampani njengomthengisi omncinci, zininzi izinto ezijijekileyo kunye nokujika kwimbali yase-Arkansas esekwe kwimbali, kunye nangaphezulu kwezibakala ezimbalwa ongaziboniyo (ubuncinci) uhambo lokuya evenkileni kanye ngonyaka.
Le yinyaniso engachazwanga yesigebenga saseMelika, iWalmart.
Umsunguli weWalmart waqala ngevenkile eneevenkile ezintlanu eBentonville, eArkansas
Ifoto nguLuka Frazza / Getty Izithombe USam Walton, umsunguli weWalmart, wayexabisa ngaphezulu kwe-8.6 yezigidigidi xa wasweleka ngo-1992 Ubuninzi boLuntu lweNet ), Kodwa njengabatyholi abaninzi baseMelika waqala encinci. Emva kokuthweswa isidanga kwikholeji, wasebenza iinyanga ezili-18 noJ.C.Penny ukuze aqhelane nomzi mveliso weentengiso, kwaye kwiminyaka yakhe yokuqala kwishishini wathengisa inani levenkile zikaBen Franklin ngokubanzi (nge IEncyclopedia Britannica ).
Ngo-1962, wavula indawo yakhe yokuqala yokuthengisa enegama lakhe. Kwakungekho kwisakhiwo sendawo yokugcina izinto apho amaziko amakhulu eWalmart ahlala khona namhlanje. Endaweni yoko, i-Walton's-five-and-dime yayiyivenkile ebekeke ngokuthozamileyo kwisikwere sedolophu eBentonville, eArkansas ngesitayile esibomvu nesimhlophe esingama-1950 kunye nomsitho ogcinwe unanamhla (nge I-CLUI ). Namhlanje ihlala kwiMyuziyam yaseWalmart, apho izikhumbuzo zeWalmart kunye nemiboniso efana nothengiso ebalisa ngembali yenkampani. Enye into ebonakalayo kumyuziyam ngamaxwebhu asemthethweni okufakwa eWalmart- amaphepha abhala ngokusemthethweni ukwenziwa kweshishini (nge Ushishino ngaphakathi ).
I-Walmart ayiphumelelanga kakubi eMzantsi Korea naseJamani
UJoe Raedle / Getty Izithombe Ngelixa uninzi lwembali yayo iphawulwe ngenzuzo kunye nempumelelo yeshishini, iWalmart ikwabonile okuninzi kokungalunganga. Ngo-2006, inkampani yaba nesabelo sayo esilungileyo kwimizabalazo, kwaye yenza isigqibo sokuphuma kwimarike yaseJamani neyaseKorea.
IJamani yayililinge lokuqala likaWalmart lokungena kwimakethi yaseYurophu kwaye ayikhange ihambe kakuhle (nge INew York Times ). Iivenkile zihlala zihlala ngaphandle kwedolophu kwaye zingafikeleleki ngokulula kwabo bangenayo imoto. Ngaphambi kokuthatha isigqibo sokukhupha kwimakethi yaseJamani, inkampani igqibe kwelokuba iyeke ukufuna abathengisi bayo ukuba bancume abathengi njengoko abanye abathengi abangamadoda bekutolika njengokudlala ngothando. 'AmaJamani akaziphathi ngale ndlela, utshilo unobhala wemanyano yabasebenzi emele abasebenzi benkampani. Nangona belahlekelwe ngamakhulu ezigidi zeedola ukusukela nge1998 ngenxa yokwanda kwabo eJamani, isithethi senkampani sayibiza ngokuba 'sisifundo esihle, esibalulekileyo.'
EMzantsi Korea, apho inkampani yayisebenza ngaphezulu nje kweshumi levenkile, bagqiba kwelokuba bathengise kwabo bakhuphisana nabo, baphume nakwimakethi yaseKorea (nge Ijenali yeWall Street ). Kwivenkile enye kuphela kwikomkhulu i-Seoul, iWalmart khange ikwazi ukufumana igama-uphawu olufanayo abonwabileyo eUnited States kwaye abakwazanga ukukhuphisana neemveliso zaseKorea ezimiselweyo.
IWalmart inamagama ahlukeneyo kumazwe ahlukeneyo
Yoshikazu Tsuno / Getty Izithombe I-Walmart isebenza kwezinye iivenkile ezingama-4,600 ngaphandle kwe-United States (kunye nenani elifanayo levenkile ngaphakathi) kwaye isebenzisa amagama angama-60 ahlukeneyo eendawo kwiindawo zazo zamazwe aphesheya (nge Biz kakuhle ). Ngelixa banelungelo lokutshintsha amagama eevenkile abazifumanayo (okanye ngamanye amaxesha abasebenzisana nabo), bahlala bekhetha ukugcina amagama eemveliso zamanye amazwe ukuze abathengi basekhaya babe nombutho wegama lophawu lwangaphambili.
EMexico, iWalmart isebenza kwiivenkile ezibizwa ngokuba yiBodega Aurrera kunye neBodega Aurrera Express (nge IKnoji ). IWalmart yangena kwimarike yaseMexico ngo-1991 kwaye ineevenkile ezininzi apho (ngaphezulu kweendawo ezili-1,600) kunalo naliphi na elinye ilizwe ngaphandle kweMelika.
EBrazil, enye yeemarike ezindala zenkampani yamazwe aphesheya kunye nevenkile yokuqala evulwa apho ngo-1995, inkampani ineevenkile ezibizwa ngokuba yiToda Dia, Maxxi Atacado, Nacional, BIG, neMercadorama.
Iindawo zaseWalmart zaseJapan zisebenza phantsi kophawu lweSeiyu, kwaye eUnited Kingdom iivenkile zaziwa njengeAsda kunye neAsda Supercentre.
Iibhanana zezona zinto zithengiswa kakhulu eWalmart
Ngelixa ungathenga izinto njenge-offbeat kunye ne-wacky njenge Ii-urns ezinkulu zeLigi yeBhola okanye Umkhenkce onencasa eWalmart, uninzi lwabantu luyothenga evenkileni ukuya kugcina izinto ezibalulekileyo ekhaya ngexabiso eliphantsi. Oku kunceda ukucacisa ukuba kutheni kumakhulu amawaka eemveliso ezithengiswayo kwivenkile nganye, eyona mveliso ithengiswa kakhulu yile nkampani iibhanana .
Ngoku ka Isidlo semihla ngemihla , bekunje iminyaka. Iibhiliyoni zeepawundi zeziqhamo zithengiswa minyaka le kwiindawo zayo kwihlabathi liphela, ezinokwahlulwa Iiponti zeebhanana ezingama-32 mzuzwana ngamnye wemihla yonke yonyaka.
Ngelixa oku kubonakala ngathi linani elihlanyayo, umbhali uDan Koeppel, obhalileyo incwadi yonke malunga neebhanana , iingxelo zokuba amaMelika atya iibanana ezininzi minyaka le kunamaorenji kunye nama-apile xa edityanisiwe. Isithethi seWalmart sachaza ukuba 'abathengi bayazithanda iibhanana kuba kulula, ukutya okunempilo ukubuyela kwaye batye kwaye kufikeleleke kakhulu. Abantwana bayazithanda iibhanana, kwaye ke abathengi abaninzi banokucinga ngabantwana babo (nge Ushishino ngaphakathi ).
Ukuhlala kwindawo eneWalmart kunokuba nefuthe kubunzima bakho
Ukuba neWalmart kufutshane kunokunceda isipaji sakho, kodwa ayizukunceda esinqeni sakho. Uphononongo olwenziwe ngo-2010 ngabaphandi beDyunivesithi yaseNorth Carolina kunye neYunivesithi yase Samford bafumanisa ukuba ukuvula 'ivenkile eyongezelelekileyo [yeWalmart] kubemi abangama-100,000 kwandise umndilili wesalathiso sobunzima bomzimba ngeeyunithi eziyi-0.24, okanye iipesenti ezili-10.8 zesilinganiselo sokutyeba' (nge INzululwazi ngokuthe ngqo ). Ithiyori yabo yayiyeyokuba inikwe imodeli yeshishini levenkile ebandakanya ukuthengisa ukutya okuncinci, ukutya okwenziwe ngobuninzi, ukuba neWalmart ebumelwaneni bakho kunokuba nefuthe elibonakalayo kwindlela otya ngayo nangokwandisa, ubunzima bomzimba wakho.
Olu phononongo luye lwaqhubeka ukucebisa ukuba nangona abathengi begcina imali ngokuthenga eWalmart, ekugqibeleni bayilahlile le ndleko ngeendleko eziphezulu zokhathalelo lwempilo ngenxa yokutyeba kakhulu. Ngokophando: 'Ezi ziphumo zibonisa ukuba ukwanda kweWalmart Supercenters kuchaza iipesenti ezili-10.5 zokunyuka kokutyeba okokoko ukusukela emva kweminyaka yoo-1980, kodwa ukonyuka kwesiphumo senkcitho yezonyango kususa isahlulo esincinci sabathengi esiveliswe kukuthenga kwiiSupercenters' (nge I-SSRN ).
Nokuba awunayo iWalmart kwindawo yakho ngokubanzi, uphononongo lubonise ukuba ngenxa yokuba ezinye iivenkile ezinkulu ezifana Ithagethi kwaye Iklabhu kaSam (uphawu lweWalmart) landela imodeli efanayo yeshishini, indlela otya ngayo isenokuba nefuthe (nge Igunya lezinto eziphilayo ).
Olunye ulwaphulo-mthetho olunobundlobongela lwenziwa yonke imihla ngokomndilili ngaphakathi kwiWalmart yaseMelika
Ngokuqhelekileyo, sicinga ngeendawo ezininzi zokuthengisa njengendawo ekhuselekileyo ngokubanzi. I-Walmart inengxaki yolwaphulo-mthetho oluncinci, ewe, njengoko uninzi lwabathengisi besenza - ngokwesiqhelo amakhulu amawaka eengxelo zamapolisa zifakwa minyaka le kulwaphulo-mthetho oluncinci olwenziwe eWalmart (nge IBloomberg ). Ulwaphulo-mthetho oluncinci olufana nolu lubandakanya ukweba ezivenkileni, ukubhala igrafiti nokonakalisa. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ulwaphulo-mthetho olukhulu olukhulu olwenzeka kwiindawo zeWalmart ngokunjalo. Ulwaphulo-mthetho lwenziwe kuluhlu lokuzama ukuxhwila kunye nokubulala, ukuya ekusebenzeni kwelebhu ye-meth ngaphakathi kumbhobho wokuhambisa amanzi onyawo oluyi-6 kwindawo yokupaka ngaphandle kwevenkile. Malunga nolwaphulo mthetho olunye ngonyaka lwenziwa yonke imihla ngokomndilili eWalmart. Amanye amasebe endawo yamapolisa athi amasekela abo akakwazi ukuphendula kuzo zonke iifowuni ezivela eWalmart kuba zininzi kakhulu.
Nangona kungekho mntu unokuchaza owona mthombo wengxaki, kunokuba nento oyenzayo nabasebenzi bokusika iWalmart kumasebe amaninzi. Njengenyathelo lokunciphisa iindleko, ababulisi abasebenza kumnyango wangaphambili kodwa bekwasebenza njengeqela lokuthintela ilahleko, babesikwa. Ixesha elingaphezulu, abaphathi bemali bapheliswa kwaye bathatyathelwa indawo ziinkqubo zokuzihlola. Umqeshwa omnye omtsha uqeshiwe kuzo zonke iinyawo ezingama-524 zesithuba sendawo yokugcina, eyi-19 yepesenti yokunyuka ukusuka kwiminyaka elishumi eyadlulayo. Xa izaphuli-mthetho zicinga ukuba akukho basebenzi baneleyo ukuba zibabambe, banoxanduva lokwenza ulwaphulo-mthetho. Ukuphendula ubhubhane, inkampani ithe izakufaka iikhamera zokhuselo kwiindawo zabo kwaye baphinde baqeqeshe abasebenzi abakhoyo.
Umphathi we-Walmart waqala ukusebenza eWalmart kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo
Ifoto nguDrew Angerer / Getty Izithombe Umphathi wenkampani, uDoug McMillon, waqala ukusebenza eWalmart ekothula iilori ngehlobo lowe-1984 (nge Ushishino ngaphakathi ). Umsebenzi wakhe wasehlotyeni wahlawula i- $ 6.50 ngeyure kwaye wasebenzisa imali ukuhlawulela ikholeji (nge Ushishino ngaphakathi ). Kuya kuthiwa ukhethe iWalmart kuba ukuhlawula kwakungcono kuneMcDonald's .
Usebenze kwiinqwelomoya zenkampani kwaye waba yi-CEO kwi-2014. Ufumene ngaphezulu kwe- $ 22 yezigidi kwi-2017, isikhalo esivela kude kumvuzo ophakathi weWalmart we-19,177 yeedola. Nangona kunjalo, uMcMillon wanceda ukutyhalela inkampani ukuba iye kwi- $ 11 ngeyure yomvuzo omncinci- phantse iphindwe kabini kumvuzo awawuqala kuyo yonke le minyaka idlulileyo.
Nangona ibali livakala ngathi lifana nentsomi, ityala likaMcMillon alikho ngaphandle kwesiqhelo, njengoko inkampani ikholelwa ukuba ngaphezulu kweepesenti ezingama-75 zamaqela ayo olawulo ezivenkileni aqala ukusebenza njengabasebenzi beyure. UMcMillon naye uthathe inxaxheba ekuncedeni ukuphucula ubukho benkampani kwi-Intanethi njengoko izama ukukhuphisana neAmazon kwiminyaka yedijithali.
IWalmart ngoyena mqeshi mkhulu wabucala emhlabeni
Ngabasebenzi abayi-2.1 yezigidi, i-Walmart ihamba kuphela kwiSebe lezoKhuselo lase-United States kunye ne-Chinese People's Liberation Army (i-3.2 yezigidi kunye ne-2.3 yezigidi ngokulandelelana) njengowona mqeshi mkhulu emhlabeni (nge Iiatlasi zehlabathi ).
Ngenxa yokuba indawo yokuqala neyesibini zihlala ngurhulumente / kwimisebenzi yasemkhosini, i-Walmart ikumqeshi omkhulu wabucala emhlabeni. E-United States, ngoyena mqeshi mkhulu wabucala kumazwe angama-21 ukuya kwangama-50, uninzi lwazo luseMidwest nasempuma mpuma (nge Ubungxowankulu obonakalayo ). I-Texas, umzekelo, apho i-Walmart ingoyena mqeshi mkhulu wabucala, yayikhaya ngaphezulu kwe-168,000 yeWalmart e2019. EFlorida, babeqeshe ngaphezulu kwe-107,000 ngelo xesha linye.
Kwaye loo manani sele eza kuba makhulu ngakumbi. Kanye ngalo Matshi, inkampani ibhengeze ukuba iya kuqesha abanye abasebenzi abali-150,000 base-US ukongeza kwizikhundla zabo ezikhulayo (nge UthandoMoney kuzo zombini iivenkile kunye nokusasazwa kwamaziko. Izikhundla ezitsha zidweliswe njengezethutyana, kodwa amarhe okuba uninzi lunokuhlala ngokusisigxina.
Kuthathe ixesha ukuba iVenkile yeWalmart ivulwe kuwo onke amazwe
UJoe Raedle / Getty Izithombe I-Walmart ivule ngokwenene indawo eMexico naseKhanada ngaphambi kokuba ivule iivenkile kuwo onke ama-50 aseMelika.
Ngo-1990, ivenkile yanda yaya eMexico, ngo-1994 bavula iingcango zabo eCanada, kwaye ngo-1995 bavula eVermont. Ngaphambi kowe-1990, ngaphandle kweKlabhu enye yakwa-Sam-ekwanayo neWalmart- inkampani ibingenabukho eMntla-mpuma okanye kuNxweme oluseNtshona (nge ImaliInc ).
Ukunqongophala kweendawo zeWalmart kuNxweme oluseNtshona kungachazwa kukhuphiswano olwenziwe ngumthengisi omkhulu weCostco, eyasekwa eSeattle, eWashington kwaye inekomkhulu layo eIssaquah, Washington (nge Ixabiso ). Ngelixa iWalmart ngoku igcina zonke phezulu nasezantsi kunxweme oluseNtshona, baninzi abathengi eCarlifonia, Oregon naseWashington abathembekileyo kwiCostco kwaye ngekhe baphuphe ngokungena ngaphakathi kwiWalmart.
Ingeniso yeWalmart yamazwe amaninzi emhlabeni
UJoe Raedle / Getty Izithombe Abantu abaninzi bathethile ngomvuzo weWalmart ngokuba mkhulu kunamanye amazwe emhlabeni, kodwa kuhlala kuchazwa njengendawo yengxoxo ngokubanzi endaweni yengxoxo yobuchwephesha yezoqoqosho. Kuyavela, ukuba impikiswano inokubamba amanzi.
Iphepha le-2017 elibhalwe ngumfundi kwiYunivesithi yaseFayetteville State (kwindawo yokuzalwa yaseWalmart e-Arkansas, akukho ngaphantsi) yavavanya le ithiyori (nge I-SSRN ). Uphando lwakhe lufumanise ukuba ukuthelekisa intengiso yonyaka evela eWalmart njengoko ibekiwe kwingxelo yonyaka yenkampani kwimveliso epheleleyo yasekhaya yamazwe kwihlabathi liphela ibekwe yiNgxowa-mali yeMali yeHlabathi, iBhanki yeHlabathi, kunye neZizwe eziManyeneyo, ukuba iWalmart ibekwe kwindawo yama-24 umhlaba. I-Walmart yabetha, phakathi kwamanye amazwe, iGrisi, iPakistan, uMzantsi Afrika, iSingapore, i-Israel, i-Hong Kong ne-Thailand, kodwa yayixabisa ngaphantsi kwe-Turkey, i-Russia, i-Spain, i-Mexico, i-France, i-Brazil, i-Argentina ne-Taiwan.
Ukunxiba russian vs isiFrentshi
Akucaci ukuba eli phepha liya kusetyenziswa njani na ngaphandle kokuhlawula ukubheja phakathi kwabahlobo, kodwa ngumzekelo omkhulu wamandla eWalmart.
I-Walmart iya kwikamva isebenzisa amandla ahlaziyekayo
Nangona ungalindelanga, iWalmart ithathe umdla ekusebenziseni amandla elanga ukuqhuba iivenkile zayo. Isizathu soku, ngokwenkampani, kukuba 'yehlisa iindleko zethu zamandla kwaye iyilungele imeko-bume, kodwa enye inzuzo kukuba igcina amaxabiso asezantsi kubathengi bethu' (nge Isidenge seMotley ). Ngo-2015, yayiyeyona mfakeli mkhulu wamandla elanga, kodwa sele inikezele ngesihloko kukhuphiswano lwayo Ithagethi, kwaye yawa emva kweIkea. Ngo-2017 ekujoliswe kuko kufakelwe iimegawathi ezingama-56 zamandla elanga kwiivenkile zayo xa kuthelekiswa ne-5 eWalmart (nge Iphephancwadi le-PV ).
Nangona kunjalo, kwi-2018 i-Walmart yabhengeza isicwangciso sokuzisa amandla elanga kwi-500 yevenkile zayo kwiindawo ezingama-22 nasePuerto Rico. Oku kuyakuzisa amandla elanga kwiipesenti ezili-10 zeevenkile zayo zase-U.S. Xa kuthelekiswa neepesenti ezingama-90 eIkea kunye neepesenti ezingama-20 kwivenkile ekujoliswe kuzo. Inkampani ijolise ekubeni namandla ahlaziyekayo ekusebenziseni kwisiqingatha seendawo zayo ngo-2025.
I-Walmart ikwabhengeze ukuba icwangcisa ukusebenzisa amandla adalwe kwiifama zomoya eMidwest. Ukuya kumandla elanga khange kube kugudile ngokupheleleyo, nangona kunjalo. Inkampani yamangalela uTesla, owathenga inkampani yephaneli yelanga, kwi-2019 yokubonelela ngeepaneli zesola eziphosakeleyo ezibasa umlilo eluphahleni lweevenkile zeWalmart ezisixhenxe ukusuka ngo-2012 ukuya ku-2018 (nge INew York Times ).
I-Walmart idibene noMongameli wokuqala uMichelle Obama ukukhuthaza ukutya okunempilo
UMark Wilson / Getty Izithombe Ngo-2011, iWalmart kunye nenenekazi lokuqala uMichelle Obama babhengeza ukuba bazakudibana ukukhuthaza ukutya okusempilweni (nge Iindaba ze-ABC ). Inkampani ithembise ukunciphisa iindleko zokutya okusempilweni njengeziqhamo kunye nemifuno, enokwenza ukuba abathengi babe nakho ukuthenga ukhetho olusempilweni. (nge Walmart ).
Njengenxalenye yenkqubo ivenkile iphuhlise amatywina okupakisha anokwenza kube lula kubathengi ukuba babone ngaphezulu kwe-1,300 yokutya okunempilo. I-Walmart ikwathembise ukunciphisa inani leetyuwa kunye neswekile kuhlobo lwayo lokutya Ixabiso elikhulu kunye neMarketide.
'Kangangeminyaka, ubulumko obuqhelekileyo buthe iimveliso ezisempilweni azithengisanga- ukuba ibango belingekho, ukuba inzuzo ephezulu ifunyenwe kwenye indawo, ke oko bekungakulungelanga utyalomali. Enkosi ngeWalmart kunye namanye amashishini amakhulu aseMelika, sibonisa ubulumko obuqhelekileyo gwenxa, utshilo uMichelle Obama kumsitho wokubhiyozela ubuhlakani eSpanishfield Missouri.
Iminikelo yesisa sikaWalmart ijikeleze i- $ 1 yezigidigidi ngonyaka
Ifoto nguAl Bello / Getty Izithombe Uninzi lweenkampani ezinenzuzo njengeWalmart zibandakanyeka kuhlobo oluthile lokupha ngesisa. Ngo-2005, emva kokuba iNkanyamba uKatrina yahlasela yachitha iindawo ezininzi zeGulf Coast, inkampani yanikela ngokutya okwaneleyo kwizidlo eziyi-100,000 (nge Isidlo semihla ngemihla ). Baye bangena kuncedo ngexesha leentlekele ezifanayo kodwa banikela ngesixa semali esikhulu rhoqo ngonyaka njengenxalenye yenkqubo yabo yokupha.
Ngokuka Mongameli we-Walmart Foundation, inkampani inika isisa isandla, 'Ishishini likho ukunceda uluntu ... [kunye] nesisa senza iWalmart ukuba iqhubele phambili ekujonganeni neminye yemiceli mngeni enzima kwezentlalo kunye nokusingqongileyo' (nge Walmart ). Ukufezekisa loo nto, iWalmart inikela nge- $ 1 yezigidigidi ngonyaka. Ukupha kwabo ngesisa kugxilwe kwiindidi ezintathu eziphambili: ukudala amathuba ezoqoqosho, ukomeleza uzinzo kumxokelelwano wokubonelela, kunye nokomeleza uluntu (ngokusebenzisa Walmart ). Imizekelo yokwenza izibonelelo ibandakanya i-1,3 yezigidi zeedola enikezelweyo ukuphucula amafama anengeniso ephantsi e-Andhra Pradesh, e-India; Izigidi ezingama-25 zeedola zinikwe ngaphezulu kweminyaka emihlanu ukuqhubela phambili ukhuseleko lokutya e-China; kunye ne-40 yezigidi zeedola enikiweyo ukusukela ngo-2011 ukuqhubela phambili uqeqesho lomsebenzi kunye nemfundo yamagqala kunye neentsapho zomkhosi.
