I-cod yenye yezona zixhaphakileyo nezaziwayo intlanzi ukhetho sibeka kwiipleyiti zethu kunye nezitya zethu. Ngenyama engqindilili engena kwiincindi ezinamanzi, ezilumkileyo kunye nencasa epholileyo ehambelana nayo nayiphi na incasa, sisixhobo esinezinto ezininzi, sithandwa nangabona bantu batya kakhulu iintlanzi.
I-Cod ihlala ihlala kuyo Amanzi anzulu , ebenza ukuba babe sisidalwa saselwandle esilula ukuloba, okukhokelele kwinkxalabo ebanzi malunga nokuloba kakhulu kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo. Nangona i-Atlantic cod isala usengozini , zininzi ezinye iintlobo zekhowudi ezilotywa ngokuzinzileyo kwezinye iindawo zehlabathi, zibonelela ngokutya indalo ngokutya indalo. uninzi lwezinto onokukhetha kuzo .
Eyona ndlela yokutya ikhowudi iyahluka, kuxhomekeka ukuba ubuza kubani- abanye bafunga izithako ezilula ezinje i-oyile ye-olivu , ilamuni, kunye ityuwa Ngelixa abanye bekhetha ukuyikhonza ngokugqithileyo ngakumbi. Nokuba ukhetha ukuyenza nzima kangakanani, kunzima ukungahambi kakuhle ngekhowudi, kwaye ilungele abaqalayo kuqala ukufunda ukulungiselela iintlanzi .
Cod endle
I-cod ifumaneka ngokwendalo kulwandlekazi lweAtlantic kunye nolwePacific. Yi enkulu, intlanzi emnyama igqunywe ngamabala amancinci, kwaye uphawu oluchazayo kuzo zonke iintlobo zekhowudi yile isilevu bar , ilungu elikhangeleka ngathi likhonkco elincinci phantsi kwesilevu sentlanzi, elinceda ikhowudi ukubeka ukutya emanzini amnyama okanye opaque. Nangona banokukhula babe malunga neepawundi ezingama-200, kuqhelekile ukufumana ikhowudi ejikeleze iiponti ezingama-25. Okwangoku, oko kubabeka kubungakanani obukhulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba banokuthathwa njengentlanzi yokutya, batya iintlanzi eziphakathi, ezingenamqolo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kunye .
Ukuvelisa kwakhona, ikhowudi yamakhwenkwe neyindoda ikhupha amaqanda kunye nesidoda, ngokulandelelana, emanzini ngexesha elinye, eyinkqubo eyaziwa njenge ukusasaza ukuzala . Imiqathango kufuneka igqibelele kwisidoda ukuze sichumise ngempumelelo amaqanda, sisenza ukuba le ndlela yokuzala ixhomekeke ikakhulu kwiimeko zangaphandle ezinje ngemisinga, ubushushu bamanzi, kunye nokuxinana kwamarhamncwa, phakathi kwabanye. Nangona ikhowudi yeAtlantic yenye yezona zininzi Intlanzi yefecund elwandle, bambalwa kakhulu i-cod encinci esindayo ebudaleni ngenxa yazo zonke ezi zinto zangaphandle zibenza babe sesichengeni.
I-Cod ithatha indawo ebalulekileyo kwimbali yaseMelika
Ekuqaleni kwee-1600s, ukuloba ngeekhowudi kwaba yenye yezona zinto zithunyelwa kakhulu eNew England, kudala uqoqosho olujolise kwintlanzi eyaziwayo yamanzi olwandle. Iintlanzi ze-cod zingagcinwa kwityuwa kuba kunjalo ngamafutha asezantsi , ezenza ukuba zibe ziintlobo ngeentlobo zeentlanzi zokuzithutha zisuka kwiLizwe elitsha zibuyele eYurophu. Ngama-1700, ukuloba eNew England kwenziwa Iipesenti ezingama-35 zengeniso yommandla , nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe lelona shishini linengeniso eninzi kule ndawo.
Izityebi zaseBrits ngaphesheya kwechibi zinenkxalabo yokuba amashishini abo eentlanzi azakuthatha indawo ngenxa yokubonelela okuninzi okuvela eMelika, ke bazamile ukuvala ukhuphiswano. Uxinzelelo lwezoqoqosho oludalelwe iikholoni lukhokelele ekunyukeni kwengxwabangxwaba phakathi kweNgilani kunye nento eza kuba yi-United States kungekudala. Akuzange kuthathe xesha lide emva koko ukuba i-New Englanders iququzelele ilizwe labo elitsha kwaye iqale inguquko eyayiza kwenza i-US ilizwe elizimeleyo. Ngaphandle kwekhowudi, besingaba yintoni njengesizwe?
Iikhowudi ziye zancinci kule minyaka idlulileyo
Enye yeentlanzi ezinkulu zaselwandle, ukufikelela phezulu Iinyawo ezintandathu ezinesiqingatha kunye neepawundi ezingama-211, iintlanzi zekhowudi ezinazo yehla ngokuthe chu ngokobukhulu kule minyaka ingamashumi idlulileyo, kusenokwenzeka ngenxa yokuloba ngokugqithileyo. Iikhowudi ezininzi ezincinci ziyakwazi ukubaleka kwiminatha yokuloba, zibanike ithuba elingaphezulu koogxa bazo abakhulu. Izazinzulu zithi ngenxa yolu loyikiso olwenziwe ngabantu, i-cod iguqukile ukuze ikhule kancinci ukuze iphile kwishishini lokuloba eliye lanciphisa inani labemi amashumi eminyaka.
Ubungakanani beekhowudi buyahluka, umndilili Iipawundi ezintandathu ukuya kwezili-12 xa usondele elunxwemeni apho zihlala zilotywa khona kwaye zimalunga nama-25 ukude. Ngaphandle kokukhula okumileyo, i-cod ihlala iyintlanzi etyiwayo, ibhukuda kufutshane nomgangatho wolwandle ukuze itye kwi-lobster kunye nezinye izilwanyana ezingenamqolo. Ngoku ka Oceana , Ookrebe kuphela abatya ikhowudi yeAtlantic yabantu abadala, nangona oogxa babo abancinci bexhamla kwezinye izidalwa eziphakathi emanzini eziphakathi.
Zininzi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zekhowudi
Ngokwesiqhelo sicinga ukuba ikhowudi yeyayo intlobo yeentlanzi, kodwa zikhona ngokwenene iintlobo ezahlukeneyo yekhowudi, nganye inempawu zayo ezifihlakeleyo kodwa ezizodwa. I-cod yaseAtlantic ngokusisiseko yeyantlandlolo: Olu luhlobo olwenziwe kakhulu kuqoqosho lwaseNew England kwiintsuku zokuqala zesizwe kwaye ekugqibeleni lwaphantse lwaphela ngenxa yokuloba kakhulu.
Ikhowudi yasePacific, eyaziwa njenge-Alaska cod, yiyo encinci ngaphezu kweAtlantic cod ngokomyinge, kwaye banambitha kancinci. Bazi ifunyenwe ikakhulu kuMantla oLwandlekazi lwePasifiki kufutshane nonxweme.
Ikhowudi emnyama , Uhlobo lwekhowudi yasePacific, ngaphezulu ukhetho oluzinzileyo kubantu abatya ukutya kwaselwandle. Ngenxa yobomi babo obude, iikhowudi ezimnyama ziqala ukuzala kwangoko, ezivumela abantu ukuba baphumelele nangona bebanjiwe. Olu hlobo lwekhowudi lunomxholo onamafutha aphezulu kunye nencasa yebhotolo.
Ngaphandle komzabalazo omde we-Atlantic cod, ezinye iintlobo zecod ziyaqhubeka nokuchuma ngaphandle kokuloba. Ipollock yaziwa ngokubanzi njengenye yeentlanzi ezininzi zokutya emhlabeni. Yeyona ntlanzi ixhaphakileyo isetyenziswayo amakhonkco okutya okukhawulezayo , kunye ukuxelisa unonkala ihlala iqulethe ipollock.
Ezinye iikhowudi zisengozini ngenxa yeminyaka yokuloba ngaphezulu
Phakathi ko-1970 no-2006, iintlanzi ze-Atlantic yasondela ngobungozi Ukunyamalala ngokupheleleyo ngenxa yamashumi eminyaka yeendlela zokuloba ezingazinzanga. Ngenxa yesidingo sayo esithandwayo kwihlabathi liphela, iindawo zokuloba ezikhulayo zaseNew England zakhawuleza zaphantse zaphela kwaphela. Ngaphandle kwemizamo yokuvuselela inani leentlanzi kunye nexesha elifutshane lokuphumelela phakathi kuka-2006 no-2017, amanani ekhowudi aqhubekile ukwehla kule minyaka idlulileyo.
Ngaphandle kwesoyikiso esikufutshane kule ntlanzi ithandwayo kwaye imnandi, izigqibo zomgaqo-nkqubo zisenziwa ikakhulu ngokusekwe kwinzuzo yenkampani endaweni yozinzo lwexesha elide kunye nempilo yolwandle. I-New England Fishery Management Council iphumeze umda othile ekulobeni i-cod, kodwa ngokwe-Conservation Law Foundation, la manyathelo enza okuncinci ukukhusela i-cod yase-Atlantic ekutshabalaleni ekuhambeni kwexesha. Ngapha koko, ngo-2008, uphononongo lwaqikelela ukuba i-Atlantic cod iya kuphela ngaphakathi Iminyaka engama-20 . Kwaye, kunye nengxaki eyongeziweyo yokutshintsha kwemozulu esongela ubomi be-cod, into eyayisakuba sisiseko kuqoqosho lwaseMelika yayinokukhawuleza ibe ngumzekelo wokunyoluka kwamashishini kunye nokungazi okusingqongileyo.
Ikhowudi (ubukhulu becala) ilungile kuwe
I-Cod, njengentlanzi ezininzi, yi inyama esempilweni enika umzimba isixa esikhulu seproteyini kunye namaxabiso asezantsi amafutha, iikhalori, kunye neecarbohydrate. Yinto elungileyo endaweni yezinye iiprotein ezisekwe kwinyama ngenxa yayo amanqanaba asezantsi Amafutha agcweleyo kunye namanqanaba aphezulu e-omega-3 fatty acids, ezingqineke zikhusela kwisifo sentliziyo, Iindaba Zonyango Namhlanje .
Ikhowudi ikwangumthombo olungileyo we iivithamini , ezinje ngeevithamini ze-B, kunye neeminerali ezinje nge-phosphorus kunye ne-selenium. I-ounce ezintathu ekhonza ikhowudi inokubonelela ukuya kuthi ga kwiipesenti ezingama-30 zokunconywa kwemihla ngemihla kukavithamini B12, ivithamin efumaneka ikakhulu kwiimveliso zezilwanyana kwaye ingekho ngokwendalo emzimbeni womntu. I-Vitamin B6 kunye ne-niacin nazo zixhaphakile kwikhowudi kwaye zizinto ezibalulekileyo kumakhulu okuphendula kwamachiza kwiinkqubo zomzimba ukuze zisebenze.
Ukuba ufuna ukuthatha impilo yakho esekwe kwikhowudi iye kwinqanaba elilandelayo, ikhowudi yesibindi oyile inokuba yindlela yokuhamba. I-oyile yesibindi se-Cod iqulethe ixabiso eliphezulu le-vitamin A kunye ne-omega-3 fatty acids. Ngenxa yezibonelelo zayo zempilo, kuye kwaba yinto eyaziwayo kwezempilo kwiminyaka eliqela edlulileyo.
Njengoninzi lweentlanzi, ikhowudi iqulethe imekyuri . Ngenxa yexabiso eliphakathi lale tyhefu, nangona kunjalo, iintlanzi zecod zikhuselekile ukuba zingatyiwa ngokumodareyitha.
IiViking zasinda kubusika obumnyama baseScandinavia ngokutya ikhowudi
Kumazwe aseScandinavia, ubusika bumnyama kwaye buyabanda. Inkqubo ye- IiViking zasinda ezi nyanga zinde, zikhohlakeleyo kubulelwa ubukhulu becala kukutya kwabo kwaselwandle. I-Cod ngokukodwa ibiluncedo ekuboneleleni iiVikings ngezakha mzimba ezifunekayo ukuze uphile ngexesha apho intuthuzelo ibimbalwa kwaye izifo bezikho.
E-Yurophu, njengoko abantu babefudukela kwilizwekazi liphela kwaye beqala ukuhlala kude nangasemantla, esinye isifo ngakumbi saqheleka. Eyona nto ixhaphakileyo ebantwaneni, esi sigulo sabangela ukuba amathambo abe krwada kwaye akhubazeke, edala ukubola kwamathambo kumaxhoba. Kodwa iiVikings, ngamandla azo obukrwada kunye nemikhosi yokulwa engenakuthelekiswa nanto, ngandlel 'ithile zazikhusele esi sifo.
I-sirloin vs sirloin ephezulu
Kuthathe kude kube ngoo-1920s koogqirha ukufumanisa ukuba oko kwaziwa njengee-rickets ebantwaneni kunye ne-osteomalacia kubantu abadala, kubangelwa kukusilela kwe-vitamin D. Xa ukukhanya kwelanga kuhlasela ulusu lwethu, kuguqula icholesterol ibe yivithamin D, esisondlo esiyimfuneko ekwakheni amathambo omeleleyo, asempilweni. Kwabaninzi baseYurophu kwiintsuku zokuqala zelizwekazi elinekoloniyali, ukunqongophala kwelanga kudityaniswe nokutya okufumaneka elwandle okunezinto eziphantsi kukhokelele kukukhubazeka kwamathambo. IiVikings, kwelinye icala, zitya izixa ezikhulu zekhowudi, ezityebileyo, phakathi kwezinye izondlo, ivithamin D.
I-Cod inencasa emnandi, ke yintlanzi ephekwayo ukupheka nayo
Kulungiselelwe abo bakhetha intlanzi ukungcamla ngobulali, i-cod lolona khetho lufanelekileyo. Xa kuthelekiswa neentlanzi ezinambitheka ngakumbi njengee-anchovies, isardadi, kunye ne-swordfish, ikhowudi ithambile kwaye imnandi. Yi ezilungiselelwe ngokulula , ke incasa yayo efihlakeleyo inokuthi ixatyiswe kwaye inyuswe iphelele. Inyama entsha, enenyama yentlanzi iyancediswa zizithako ezisisiseko ezifana nelemon, ibhotolo, igalikhi, kunye nemifuno emitsha - kufanelekile, uya kusebenzisa izithako ezikumgangatho ophezulu kwisitya esifana nesi. Ngenxa yokuba kulula kakhulu, kubalulekile ukuba isithako ngasinye sinambitheka kwaye sitsha.
I-Cod yintlanzi elula ukupheka. Inyama yenyama kunye nokuthamba okumnandi kunika abaqalayo umda obanzi wempazamo, kwaye inokulungiswa kubanzi ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo . Inokuntywiliselwa, yosiwe, ibhakwe, ifakwe kwi-broiled, okanye ifakwe e-fried kwaye ihanjiswe kunye neefries zaseFransi. Ingaphoswa kwi ipasta Isidlo sangokuhlwa esinesihloko sase-Italiyane okanye esosiweyo kancinci kwi-cilantro pesto kwaye sahlula-hlula iikhowudi zekhowudi .
Nangona ikhowudi ingeyonzala ePortugal, iyeyona nto imnandi kweli lizwe
IPortugal yaziwa ngokuba nekhowudi eyahlukileyo iresiphi yemihla ngemihla zonyaka. Nangona ikhowudi ingahlali ngokwaselunxwemeni lwesiPhuthukezi, baba sisidlo esithandekayo kwilizwe laseYurophu kwangoko Inkulungwane ye-16 xa iinqanawa zamaPhuthukezi zahamba ngenqanawa zisiya kunxweme lwaseNewfoundland zabuya nekhowudi. Ngokungcwaba intlanzi ngetyuwa, abalobi banokuyigcina kangangeeveki ezithathiweyo ukubuyela kumhlaba wamaPhuthukezi. Ukusukela ngoko, i-bacalhau, okanye ikhowudi enetyiwa, ibisisitya esikhulu sokutya kwesiPhuthukezi.
IBacalhau inokufumaneka kwi phantse yonke Indawo yokutyela yamaPhuthukezi, kwaye kuye kwabizwa ngegama 'umhlobo othembekileyo.' Nangona ijongeka ngathi yoyikeka kancinci (kwaye ikhupha ivumba) xa yomisiwe kwaye ixhonywe emsileni kwiimarike zasePortugal, xa iphinde yafakwa amanzi kwaye ilungiswe ngezithako ezinje ngeetapile, amatswele, okanye amaqanda aqhekeziweyo, ibacalhau iguqulwa ibe nencasa ubungcali obuthandwa ngabantu bendawo kunye nabakhenkethi ngokufanayo. Esinye sezitya ezidumileyo zasePortugal, ikhowudi ebunjiweyo , Ikhonza ikhowudi enetyiwa kunye nezinye izinto zemveli zesiPhuthukezi, ezinje ngamaqanda, iitapile kunye neminquma emnyama.
I-Cod yenye yeentlobo zeentlanzi ezisetyenziswa ngokuxhaphakileyo oza kuzifumana kwintlanzi kunye neetshipsi
Nangona iintlanzi kunye neetshiphusi zikhona ayithandwa e-United Kingdom ngoku njengokuba yayiyiminyaka yee-1920s xa iivenkile ezingama-35,000 zentlanzi kunye neendawo zokutyela zichola ilizwe, isesinye sezidlo ezithandwayo eBrits. Abemi base-UK batya malunga 382 yezigidi iintlanzi kunye neepleyiti ngonyaka, kwaye ezona ntlanzi zixhaphakileyo zifunyanwa zibethwa kwaye ziqhotswa ecaleni kweefries zaseFransi yinyama yenyama yekhowudi.
Kukuchama kwenyama ye-cod eyenza ukuba incasa ngokungaqhelekanga xa kuthelekiswa ne-crusty breaded crust. Ngoku ka Iindaba ze-BBC , i-cod yenza iipesenti ezingama-61.5 zeentlanzi ezithunyelwa 'kwii-chippies,' kodwa ezinye iintlobo zentlanzi zingasetyenziswa, njenge-haddock, i-halibut kunye ne-pollock. Intlanzi iphoswa kumgubo osikiweyo okanye isonka esenziwe ngesonka kunye ne-fried deep. Iifries zase-UK Ngokwesiqhelo zenziwe ngamaqhekeza amakhulu eetapile kunamafriji aseMelika, enza ifry ejijiweyo kunamaFrentshi amaninzi aqhelene nawo. Isetyenziswa ngokwesiqhelo kunye nee-ertyisi ze-mushy, kodwa loo nxalenye yesitya ayibambanga kangako kwezinye izinto (mhlawumbi ezinencasa ngakumbi) zento ethosiweyo enzulu.
I-Cod ibingasoloko ithandwa njengangoku
Ngaphandle kwembali yayo ende kunye nokuthandwa e-United States, i-cod yayi ayiqwalaselwa rhoqo ukhetho lwaselwandle oluphezulu. Ngokufana nendlela pollock ehlala isetyenzwa ngayo namhlanje, ikhowudi ibikhe yatshintshwa ikakhulu kukutya okukhawulezayo kunye neefestile zesikolo, apho ukufikeleleka kwayo kuyenze yazalisa ngokugqibeleleyo izinto zokutya kwaselwandle ezingabizi kakhulu.
Ngoku ka INew York Times, kwii-90s zakudala, iivenkile zokutyela eziphezulu kunye nabapheki baqala ukubandakanya ikhowudi kwiimenyu zabo ngokuhamba rhoqo, bephefumlelwe yintlanzi encinci kunye nexabiso eliphantsi. Abapheki baqala ukubuyisela iintlanzi ezibiza kakhulu, ezinje ngombala obomvu obomvu okanye ityhuna, ngekhowudi, kwaye ngokungathi ubusuku bonke, yaba yinto yemenyu ethandwayo kwiindawo zokutyela ezidumileyo. Kungenxa yokuba ikhowudi yayicingelwa 'njengesiqhelo,' abapheki abaziingcayo kunye nabatyayo bayithintela iminyaka. Kodwa njengoko yayixhaphake ngakumbi kwiimenyu ezibiza kakhulu kwiivenkile zokutyela ezinombala omdaka, iincasa zazo ezinencasa, kuyabonakala ukuba, zakhula zayonwabela (eyona nto ayifanelekanga ukuqala ngayo) incasa yekhowudi.
I-cod ye-cod ngokuqinisekileyo yeyona ndawo isempilweni yentlanzi
Ioyile zentlanzi ziye zathandwa njengezongezelelo ukusukela oko Ngama-1990 , xa babebhengezwa kakhulu ngamajelo eendaba 'njengepilisi engummangaliso,' ngakumbi abo banezifo zentliziyo. Ioyile ekhutshwe kwisibindi se-cod iphethe izibonelelo ezifanayo nezinye ioyile zentlanzi, ezizezi zixa eziphezulu ze-omega-3 fatty acids, Amafutha e-polyunsaturated ezo azenzeki ngokwendalo emzimbeni. I-Omega-3 fatty acids zininzi izibonelelo zempilo , ezinje ngokuphucula impilo yengqondo, ukulwa nokudumba, kunye nokuxhasa iinkqubo zentliziyo.
Ioyile evela isibindi se-cod Isempilweni ngakumbi ngenxa yokuxinana kwevithamini D kunye nezinye iivithamini. Vitamin D Unceda amathambo akhule ngokufanelekileyo kwaye kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwamajoni omzimba. Ngelixa umzimba womntu unokwenza isixa esithile sesi sondlo ngokwakho okanye ufumane isixa esaneleyo kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla, abantu abaninzi-ngakumbi abo bahlala kwimozulu apho ilanga lingasoloko likhanya-badinga okungakumbi.
Ikhowudi yeAtlantic isongelwa kukutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nokuloba ngaphezulu
IGulf of Maine, apho ikhowudi yeAtlantic ibilotywa amashumi eminyaka, yenye ye eyona kushushu kakhulu iinxalenye zolwandle. Ikhowudi edada la manzi ikhetha amaqondo obushushu angaphantsi kwama-53 degrees Fahrenheit, nanjengoko amanzi amatsha aseNgilane enyukela kulo mda, ikhowudi kunye nezinye iintlanzi ezizalelwe kuloo ndawo sele ziqalisile ukufudukela emantla nakude kunxweme zikhangela amaqondo obushushu abandayo.
Iikhowudi azikwazi ukuvelisa ngempumelelo emanzini ashushu njengoko zinjalo kumanzi abandayo abawaqhelileyo, nto leyo ebeka abantu babo emngciphekweni wokwehla nangaphezulu kunokuba sele benjalo kulwandle olutshintshayo. Njengokuba inani leekhowudi lincipha, iindawo zokuloba azikhange zikwazi ukunciphisa ingxaki ngokuzinzileyo, zibangele izoyikiso ezininzi kubukho bekhowudi yeAtlantic. Utshintsho lwemozulu lwandise ukuloba ngokugqithileyo okubeka emngciphekweni i-cod amashumi eminyaka, kwaye kuya kwenza kube nzima ukubuyisa iikhowudi, nangona ukuloba kwezorhwebo kunciphisa kakhulu inani leentlanzi abazibambisayo.
Iingcali kunye namagosa kufuneka bazibuze ukuba bangenza ntoni na ukuqinisekisa impumelelo yekhowudi eqhubekayo kwiilwandle zethu - ngakumbi ukuba sisafuna ukuzibona kwiipleyiti zethu zokutya.
