UJoe Raedle / Getty Izithombe Hayi, bologna.
Yithiye okanye uyithande, i-bologna sisidlo sasemini saseMelika, kwaye ayikho enye inyama efana nayo. Itsala intwana yayo yonke into: iiklasikhi zenyama, ezibhityileyo kunye nefloppy zenyama zikhumbuza ezinye iinyama ezinje ngesalami okanye iprosciutto, kodwa ineprofayili yokunambitheka kunye nokuthungwa okufana kakhulu kusetyenzwe kakhulu 'inyama eyimfihlakalo' izinja ezishushu kwaye Ispemu .
I-Bologna ibambe indawo ekhethekileyo kwi-American ethos ethos. Njengonjingalwazi wezifundo zokutya kwiYunivesithi yaseNew York, uAmy Bentley, uxelelwe Umtyi , 'Ifakiwe kwi-psyche yesizwe yokutya okucekisekayo, ukutya okuhlekisayo. 'Yile baloney, iphambene leyo.' Yindlela esicinga ngayo. Ibifakwe ezingqondweni zethu ngaloo ndlela. '
Akukho mbuzo malunga naloo nto ifsikisi Ngokwenyani ibethelelwe kwingqondo yaseMelika njengenye yezo zinto uzityayo, kodwa musa ukubuza ngokwenene ukuba yenziwe njani kwaye yenziwe njani (kwaye mhlawumbi awunako ngokwenene Ndifuna ukwazi). Kodwa enye ayinakunceda kodwa uzibuze, njengoko sisitya izilayi zethu zenyama eyimfihlakalo ebekwe phakathi kwesonka esimhlophe esimhlophe (kwaye mhlawumbi uqokelelo olusempilweni lwemayonnaise ukuba sinethamsanqa), yintoni kanye kanye ngu lento?
Le yindlela bologna eyenziwe ngayo.
I-Bologna ithathwe kwi-cut ebandayo yase-Italiya ebizwa ngokuba yi-mortadella
Ifoto ngu-Andreas Solaro / Getty Izithombe Igama 'bologna' ngokwenyani livela kwigama lesixeko esikhulu kwi emantla e-Itali (ngesiTaliyane, igama elithi 'bo-LON-ya'), apho abaxheli bavelisa inyama ehambelana nayo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-mortadella - ukhokho wamandulo wesandwich esizalisayo nesiyithandayo namhlanje. Ngoku ka Imagazini yase-Itali , isixeko saseBoli sivelisa imifanekiso epinki, inyama enesidlo sasemini ezingqondweni zamaTaliyane kwilizwe liphela.
ukutya iimbotyi yonke imihla
I-Mortadella ineengcambu ezibuyela umva kubukhosi baseRoma- njengoko Imagazini yase-Itali uxelwe ngo-2013, amaqhekeza obugcisa baseRoma obudala kunye noncwadi, njengelitye elidala eliqingqiweyo elibonisa isilarha esila inyama kunye neziqholo zodaka kunye nodaka kunye ne-pestle, gxininisa inyani yokuba abemi boBukhosi baseRoma babezidlalela izidumbu.
Eyona nto iphambili yenyama kumaRoma amandulo? Ityuwa. NgamaXesha Aphakathi, abantu abaphilise inyama besebenzisa inkqubo yokunyanga ityuwa efana naleyo ye-mortadella, babenze umbutho onamandla owawunenkxaso mali enkulu kwilizwe lase-Italiya. Umbutho uqhube i-mortadella ixabisa ukuya kuthi ga kwaphindwe kalithoba njengelofu yesonka, ngokwe Imagazini yase-Itali .
yintoni tempster eyenziwe lobster
Kodwa inyama ihambe indlela ende ukusukela ngezo ntsuku- nangona abavelisi baseMelika bohlobo lwethu lwe-mortadella banokubanemali ezinkulu kwiakhawunti yebhanki (cinga UOscar Mayer ), I-bologna ngokuqinisekileyo ayisiyiyo inyama ye-bourgeois eyayikade ikhona e-Itali.
Ukuba unomdla wokwenene kwimbali yemfihlakalo yenyama oyithandayo yaseMelika, ungandwendwela Imyuziyam yeMbali yaseBologna kwiPalazzo Pepoli. Nangona imyuziyam iyonke inikezelwe kwimbali yesixeko, kukho icandelo elipheleleyo elinikezelwe kwinyama enegama elifanayo, ekuxelela indlela abaziqhenyce ngayo ngamagama abo.
I-EU inyanzelisa ngokungqongqo ukuba i-mortadella yenziwe ngehagu
UFilippo Monteforte / Getty Izithombe I-European Union yaziwa ngokulawula ubunyani beemveliso ezahlukeneyo zokutya, ukusuka kwitshizi ukuya kwi-champagne, kwaye i-mortadella ayisiyonto ikhethekileyo. Ukuze imveliso yenyama ithathelwe ingqalelo ngokusemthethweni kwi-mortadella e-Italiya, kufuneka ihlangane neziqinisekiso ezingqongqo. Ngokufanelekileyo, inyani, i-mortadella yesiko kufuneka yenziwe isoseji yehagu -Akukho enye inyama enokusetyenziswa ngokusemthethweni kwi-mortadella yesiko lase-Itali.
Ukongeza, i-mortadella eyiyo (eyaziwa njenge ' IMortadella Bologna PGI ') ineebhit ngamafutha afakwe kwisoseji, inika izilayi zenyama yedeli ukuba ibonakale, kunye neebhitshi ezimhlophe eziguqukayo eziphuma kwihagu epinki. Inyama yomhlaba kunye neetyhubhu ezinamanqatha emva koko zidityaniswe neziqholo ezinje ngetyuwa kunye nepepile, kwaye ibekwe kwisoseji sesoseji. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iinyama eziphilisiweyo, njenge salami kunye neprosciutto, i-mortadella ayomile ayinyangeki-endaweni yoko, emva kokuba igqityiwe ukupheka (ngamanye amaxesha ixesha elide), i-mortadella ifafazwa ngamanzi apholileyo, ke ayinayo ngokufanayo, ezona nyama ziyaziwayo ziphilisiweyo.
Iinguqulelo zaseMelika ze-bologna zinemigangatho ekhululekile xa kufikwa kwizithako
I-American bologna ayisiyi-mortadella-endaweni yoko, ingumzala ka-mortadella. Unxibelelwano olukude kuloo nto. Njengokuba imithetho yaseMelika ingalawuli ngokungqongqo ukuba zeziphi iiresiphi ezinokubizwa kwaye ezingenakubizwa ngokuba yi-bologna, ukuthatha kwethu inyama yemveli yase-Italiyane ithathe inkqubo yenguqu enamandla ngakumbi, apho iimveliso ezahlukeneyo zisebenzisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zenyama kunye nezixube zespice ukuya velisa bologna yabo .
Nangona kunjalo, imigaqo ye-USDA yenza eneneni inegatya elingqongqo elahlula ukuthatha kwethu i-bologna kwi-mortadella yesiko: njengezinja ezishushu, i-bologna yaseMelika ayinamafutha amancinci okanye iziqholo kuyo, njengoko i-USDA inyanzelisa ukuba yonke inyama kunye nezongezo kufuneka zenziwe zincinci zincinci amasuntswana angaziwayo, ngokwe Iposi likaHuffington . Kungenxa yoko le nto i-bologna yethu ikhangeleka yahluke kakhulu kunalawo amnyama.
Kodwa ngaphaya kwale nkcukacha inye, ngumdlalo omhle kakhulu wento enokungena kwi-bologna yakho: iimveliso ezahlukeneyo kunye neenguqulelo zisebenzisa inyama ezahlukileyo, ukusuka kwinyama yemveli yehagu, ukuya kwinyama yenkomo (okanye ukudibanisa zombini) ukuya kolunye udonga inkukhu ibologna (enyanisweni, u-Oscar Mayer usebenzisa bobathathu kwezo zenyama kwi-bologna yabo ). Inkqubo ye- USDA ayitsho, nangona kunjalo, ilebhile kwi-American bologna kufuneka ikuxelele ukuba uluhlobo luni lwenyama oyifumanayo.
I-Bologna isebenzisa ezinye zezona nyama zincinci zithandekayo
Kwifashoni yaseMelika eqhelekileyo, ukusikwa kwenyama evela kuyo i-bologna kuye kwatshintsha kakhulu ukusuka kukhokho wayo wase-Italiya. Ngelixa i-mortadella isebenzisa inyama kwi umqolo nesidlele yehagu, ukwenziwa kwe-bologna kubandakanya into eyaziwa ngokuba yi ' izihlunu zamathambo ekrwada '- kunye nezinye iimveliso zenyama eluhlaza, ezinjengentliziyo, izintso, okanye isibindi sehagu.
Umsipha wamathambo okrwada ulungile kanye xa uvakala ngathi: izicwili zemisipha ezinamathela ngqo kumathambo ehagu (okanye eminye imfuyo). Oku kunqunyulwe inyama Iqulathwe ikakhulu yimicu yemisipha kunye nezicubu ezinxibelelanayo, kwaye lelona candelo liphambili kwezinye iinyama ezicutshungulwe kakhulu, njengezinja ezishushu kunye nezinye iisoseji eziphekiweyo.
Ukongezwa kweemveliso zenyama ezinje ngamalungu angaphakathi yindlela yokuba abavelisi baqinisekise ukuba bafumana eyona bhengu inkulu - ukongeza kwiindawo zebhokhwe ekunzima kakhulu ukuzithengisa njengentliziyo nesibindi kuqinisekisa ukuba isilwanyana sonke sinokuthengiswa , endaweni yokulahla nje izinto ezingafunekiyo. Ewe kunjalo, ukuba ufumana ezi mveliso kwi-bologna yakho, kunokwenzeka ukuba ufumanise. I-USDA ithi ezi mveliso kufuneka zichazwe ngokwahlukeneyo, kunye nokuba zeziphi iintlobo ezivela kuzo, kuluhlu lwezithako.
eyona isiselo esinamandla sokungcamla
Inyama yomhlaba inongwe ngeziqholo ezifana necoriander kunye nepepile emnyama ukwenza ibologna
Ifoto nguGiorgio Perottino / Getty Izithombe Ngokwe- Iposi likaHuffington , zombini i-bologna kunye ne-mortadella zoba iprofayile yokunambitheka efanayo, evela kumxube owahlukileyo weziqholo osetyenziselwa ukunambitheka kwezi nyama zimbini: ikoriyandire, iimbewu zeselery, inutmeg, ipepile emnyama kunye namajikijolo emmy.
Ngokufanelekileyo, lo ngumxube ofanayo weziqholo ezisetyenziswa kwimixube yesiqhelo yeziqholo zokukhetha - ngaphandle, ewe, amajikijolo emirtile. Inani elincinci le-nutmeg kunye nomsebenzi omnyama wepelepele ukunika i-bologna kunye ne-mortadella enencasa efudumeleyo, ethuthuzelayo, ngelixa i-coriander kunye nembewu ye-celery yongeza nje ukubamba ubukrakra ukuze isuse isityuwa esinamandla amakhulu kuyo yonke loo sodium edityaniswe isoseyiji. Ukongeza kule spice blend, umenzi we-bologna owaziwayo UOscar Mayer ibandakanya umgubo we-mustard, isitokhwe senyama yenkomo, kunye ne-paprika, ethi yonke isebenze ukuqhubela phambili nokukhulisa incasa enencasa yokusika okubandayo kwaye iyenze ibonakale kuzo zonke iimveliso zebologna kwibhloko.
Eyona nto yahlulahlula i-mortadella kunye ne-bologna kolunye ukhuphiswano lwazo lwasemini kukongezwa kwamajikijolo emirtile, athi, Iposi likaHuffington , lolona khetho lubalaseleyo olongezwe kwizidlo zasemini, zisinika iprofayili yokunambitheka eyahlukileyo engafumanekiyo kwezinye izidlo zokutya.
I-Myrtle berries inika i-bologna i-oomph factor yayo
Ifoto nguRichard Ellis / Getty Izithombe Ukuba ufunda le nto uzibuza ukuba yintoni iherry berry, ungoyiki- ngelixa i-bologna inezinto ezininzi ezongezelelweyo eziza kuthi zifike kancinci, i-myrtle berry yenye yezinto ezimbalwa eneneni zizonke -into yendalo kunye nepropati engacwangciswanga yokuzaliswa kwesandwich.
I-myrtle berry yendabuko kwiMeditera (nangona ibaluleke kakhulu Kwiziqithi zaseSardinia naseCorsica) , kwaye ifumene indlela eya kwinani lezitya ezahlukeneyo zase-Italiya ngaphaya kwe-mortadella. Amagqabi e-myrtle athandwa kakhulu Izosa zenyama yengulube eyosiweyo , ke ayimangalisi into yokuba amajikijolo ayo yeyona nto iphambili kwi-mortadella, kwaye ukongezwa, umzala wayo waseMelika, i-bologna. Ngapha koko, igama elithi 'mortadella' inokuba inxulumene kwigama lesiTaliyane elithi myrtle, ' Imimirtile , 'okoko i-spice inika ukusika okubandayo uphawu olunjalo, iprofayili yesinongo esineziqholo. I-Myrtle berries ine-flavour efana ne-citrus, efana ne-juniper berries kunye ne-rosemary, I-Epicenter.
I-Myrtle berries ikwayinto ephambili yokunambitheka kwi-liqueur eyaziwayo yase-Italiya eyaziwa njenge mirto, njenge Utywala.com uxeliwe emva ngo-2017. I-digestif ine-flavour edibanisa kakuhle ne-gin (ethathwe kumajikijolo omjunipha, ngendlela), kunye Iposi likaHuffington ithi 'luhlobo lokuthanda njenge-bologna.' Um, iibhotile phezulu?
Abavelisi be-bologna baseMelika bongeza inani lezongezo zemichiza kwinyama yabo ye-bologna
Njengoko IMel Magazine's U-Ian Lecklitner uphawule kuhlalutyo luka-2019 lwezithako ze-bologna zika-Oscar Mayer, kukho izinto ezili-18 kwisilayidi senkampani inyama yenkomo . Zininzi kakhulu izithako kwinyama yesidlo sasemini eqale njengento elula-kwaye ezo zithako ayizizo zonke inyama kunye neziqholo nokuba. Ngelixa izinto zingenjalo konke Okubi, kukho inani lezongezelelo ezithandabuzekayo, ukusuka kwisiraphu yengqolowa ukuya kwinani lezinto ezingaqhelekanga zemichiza, kwelona lizwe libalaseleyo lisike uphawu lwebologna.
Iinyama ezicwangcisiweyo ezinjenge-bologna zihlala zifumana uninzi lweflack ezinokubakho ukuba neepropathi zomhlaza -I-Bologna ka-Oscar Mayer ayisiyiyo. Ngapha koko, esinye sezithako kwi-bologna yenkampani, i-sodium nitrite, sisongezo esiqhelekileyo kwizilwanyana ezenziweyo ezinokuthi zibe negalelo kwiipropathi zazo ezibangela umhlaza. Ngelixa i-nitrite yesodiyam sisilondolozo esisebenzayo kwi-bologna, izinja ezishushu, kunye nezinye iimveliso ezisekwe kwinyama (kwaye inokuphucula incasa kunye nombala wokutya okongeziweyo kuko), i-Arhente yeHlabathi yoPhando ngomhlaza (nge Iindaba Zonyango Namhlanje ) ithi ukungenisa ii-nitrites kunokwenzeka ukuba kunxulunyaniswe namazinga aphezulu omhlaza wamathumbu.
Esinye isongezo esinobungozi kwi-bologna ka-Oscar Mayer yile phosphate yesodiyam , nesetyenziselwa ukunyanga iimveliso zenyama kunye nokuyigcina ifumile. Kwaye ngelixa i-FDA ithathela ingqalelo i-phosphate yesodium ukuba ikhuseleke ngokubanzi ukuba ingatyiwa kumanani amancinci, yona idityanisiwe ukunyusa amazinga okusweleka kwabo banezintso kunye nesifo sentliziyo.
yitshokholethi ebomvu ebomvu
Inyama egayiweyo kunye nemifuno ixutywe kwisoseji yokwenza i-bologna
Umxhasi we-Afp / i-Getty Izithombe Emva kwayo yonke inyama kunye namafutha kunye neziqholo kwi-bologna zigalelwe i-mince entle, lo mxube ufakwa kwisoseji yesoseji. Ngokwesiko, iisoseji zenziwe ngamathumbu ezilwanyana-amaxesha amaninzi, uhlobo olufanayo lwesilwanyana njengenyama evela kuyo isoseji (ke kwimeko yemeko yesidudu, oku kuya kuba ngamathumbu ehagu).
Amathumbu ezilwanyana kunokuba nzima ukuza ngawo, kule mihla-ngokophando olupapashwe kuyo Izilwanyana zaselwandle eziSebenzayo kwizicelo zokutya , uninzi lwabavelisi beesoseji ziye zajika zasebenzisa isisele esenziwe ngemichiza esenziwe ngemichiza, zihlala zisebenzisa iikhompawundi ezifana neselulosi, icollagen, okanye iiplastiki. Nokuba yesiko I-mortadella yaseNtaliyane Ivumelekile ukuba inebhokisi enesoseji yokufakelwa enje ngezi, kuba kunokuba nzima kwaye kubize ukufumana amathumbu ayimfuneko ukwenza iipesenti eziyi-100 zendalo.
Unokufumanisa ukuba enye ye-bologna oyithengayo ezivenkileni inento efana netywina elibomvu eliyijikelezileyo- oku kunokwenzeka istili esenziwe ngumntu . Ezona mveliso zaziwayo ( UOscar Mayer kubandakanya) susa istasing ngaphambi kokupakisha i-bologna yabo ngokwe-USDA , kodwa ukuba awuzinzanga xa ucinga ngengozi yokutya iplastiki encinci kwisandwich yakho elandelayo ye-bologna qiniseka ukuba ujonga istili ebomvu kwaye uyicime. U-Oscar Mayer uthi zonke iindawo zabo zokutya zivela kwizityalo, ke ukuba uthe wenzeka ukwetyisa nayiphi na, akukho mfuneko yoloyiko.
Nje ukuba inyama ifunxwe kwindawo yayo efanelekileyo, iya kwinqanaba elilandelayo: ukutshaya.
EMelika, loo nyama egalelwe i-bologna iyinyama ebetha inyama
Njengoko besesitshilo, i-USDA ayinayo imigaqo engqongqo efanayo yokuchaza i-bologna i-European Union inayo ye-mortadella -kodwa kukho umgaqo omnye onomdla owahlula ngokwenene i-bologna yaseMelika kwi-mortadella yendabuko kunye ne-highbrow yase-Italiya: ugunyaziswe ngumthetho ukuba i-bologna yenziwe ngokusebenzisa i-batter yenyama, endaweni yokugaya inyama okanye inyama egayiweyo.
isisu esibuhlungu emva kokutya isaladi
Yiyo loo nto i-bologna kunye ne-mortadella zikhangeleka zahlukile, ngaphandle kokuba zineeprofayile zokunambitheka ezifanayo: ngelixa isiseko se-mortadella siyindibaniselwano yenyama, amafutha kunye neziqholo, zonke ezo zinto kufuneka zenziwe (oko kuthetha ukuba kufuneka 'zincitshiswe zibe yimizuzu amasuntswana, 'njengoko kubhalwa yi-USDA) xa usenza ibologna eMelika.
Iibatata zenyama zinokungqinelana okungaguquguqukiyo, okune-homogeneous, okudala ukwenziwa kwe-emulsion yamafutha ezilwanyana kunye nolwelo (kwimeko yenyama yenyama, le ulwelo ngamanzi) -iprotein ekwinyama isebenza ukudibanisa zombini ulwelo lube ngumxube ozinzileyo. Ukwenza oku ngokukuko, iiproteni ezisenyameni kufuneka ziphantsi amasuntswana entle kakhulu (Oko kukuthi, kutshintshiwe), kwaye abavelisi kufuneka balumke kakhulu malunga nexabiso leetyuwa kunye nezithako zeasidi abazongeza kumxube, hleze ngokungazi baphazamise ibetter. Nje ukuba i-bologna batter iveliswe, iphinde ifakwe kwisitampu.
Okokugqibela, isoseji iphekwe kwaye ipholile ukwenza i-bologna
Eli nyathelo lokugqibela yeyona nto ingamangalisiyo malunga nayo yonke inkqubo yokwenza i-bologna, kodwa isabaluleke kakhulu. Emva kokuba inyama kunye ne-spice emulsion idluliselwe kwi-sausage casing (okanye i-casing yohlobo oluthile), iyaphekwa. Kuxhomekeke kuhlobo kunye nokwahluka kwe-bologna, le nkqubo yokupheka inokwahluka kakhulu eMelika.
Ngokwemigaqo ye-European Union ekuveliseni i-mortadella , Inguqulelo yase-Italiya iphekwe kancinci kwigumbi elishushu kwiiyure ezimbalwa ukuya kusuku olupheleleyo, kuxhomekeke kubungakanani beesoseji eziphekiweyo. Inkqubo yokwenza i-mortadella yase-Italiya inezifudumezi zomoya owomileyo ezifumana ubushushu bangaphakathi besoseji ukuya kuthi ga kwi-158 degrees Fahrenheit. Nje ukuba inkqubo yokupheka igqityiwe, ifafazwa ngamanzi apholileyo kwaye ipholile ukuzinzisa imveliso ngaphambi kokupakisha. Oku kuphosakela, kulandelwa yinkqubo yokugqibela yokupholisa, yiyo enika i-bologna kunye ne-mortadella bobabini ubucwebe babo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba inyama ayomi kakhulu njengokucheba okubandayo, njenge ham okanye pepperoni.
E-United States, abavelisi be-bologna baneendlela ezimbini zokugqibezela iimveliso zabo ze-bologna. Ngoku ka Imigaqo ye-USDA , I-bologna lilungu losapho lwenyama egqityiweyo ebizwa ngokuba yi 'frankfurters,' ekufuneka itshiswe okanye iphekwe. Ngokungafaniyo nomzala wayo wase-Italiya, i-mortadella, i-bologna inevumba elitshayayo, elithelekiswa nebhekoni okanye izinja ezishushu- le yenye into eyahlula iprofayili yencasa ye-bologna ka-Oscar Mayer (kunye nezinye iintandokazi zaseMelika) kwimveliso eqinisekisiweyo ye-IGP yemortadella.
