Kwabaninzi, umbono wokuya kwisikolo sokupheka liphupha. Emva kokubukela iziqendu ezimbalwa ze Kuhlikiwe kunye nokulandela lonke ixesha le Umpheki ophezulu , unokuziva ukhuthazekile ukuba uyeke umsebenzi wakho kwaye ulandele ikhondo elitsha lomsebenzi kwishishini lokutyela. Isikolo seCulinary ayisiyiyo yonke into yokwenza izitya zokubonisa okanye ukwenza i-hog butchery, nangona kunjalo; iqala ngokufunda iziseko, kwaye ayithathi xesha lide ngaphambi kokuba ukhululeke ukupheka ngaphandle kweresiphi (okanye, ubuncinci ukuyenza de uyenze). Zininzi iimpazamo apha endleleni, kwaye uya kusebenzisa ibinzana elithi 'yile nto iyiyo' rhoqo kunendlela othanda ngayo. Kodwa, njengoko ubamba iimfihlo zokupheka abapheki abafunda kwisikolo sokupheka, uya kuthatha ukuzithemba okuthile ekhitshini ekunzima ukukufumana ngenye indlela.
Iqanda elimhlophe likaMcdonald liyekile
Kuba asinakho konke ukulahla yonke into kwaye sifumane imfundo yokupheka, Nazi ezinye zeengcebiso ezixabisekileyo, amaqhinga, kunye neemfihlo onokuzithatha ngelixa ufunda kwisikolo sokupheka.
Isikolo seCulinary sifundisa ukubaluleka kwezakhono ezilungileyo zemela
Unokucinga ukuba isikolo sokupheka simalunga nokufunda ukupheka, kodwa eyona nto uyenzayo kuqala kukusebenza kweyakho izakhono zemela . Ukusika izithako ukuya kubukhulu kuko konke malunga nokubenza bapheke ngokulinganayo. Ukuba uzama ukugcoba iziqwenga ezinkulu zeetapile ecaleni kwamaqhekeza amancinci egalikhi, le yokugqibela iya kutshiswa phambi kokuba abapheki bangaphambili. Ke, usika njani iminqathe embhoxo, emilise ityhubhu kunye namacwecwe anyanisi amile ngendlela engathandekiyo kumilo ofanayo neetapile ezingqukuva? Ziqhelise.
Nje ukuba ufumane ukuxhoma kwayo, uqala ukuthanda ukwenza yonke into entle kwaye. Ukuba imifuno yakho inqunqwe ngokungazenzisiyo, ayizukuboniswa kakhulu, kwaye abafundisi bezolimo bayazi ukuba sitya ngamehlo kuqala. Ukuba ayibonakali inomtsalane kwisitya, baya kukubizela yona. Ukongeza kwimisebenzi yesiqhelo yemela njengokucheba, ukusikwa, kunye nokugaya, uya kufunda ukusika imela entle NjengoJulienne, i-chiffonade, i-brunoise, i-roll-cut, i-batonnet, i-paysanne kunye ne-tournée, ibhola ekhatywayo enamacala asixhenxe (kunye nawo wonke umntu oyithandayo, ngokuqinisekileyo).
Ngaphambi kwexesha elide, uyakuqonda ukuba ngekhe wenze le nto ngaphandle kwemela ebukhali. A imela ebuthuntu yimela eyingozi. Ukuba igquma isanqante endaweni yokuyinqumla, iya kuthi gqi emhlabeni kwinyama yethenda yeminwe yakho endaweni yoko. Hayi enkosi! Ngethamsanqa, ukufunda indlela yokulola imela lolunye uncedo lwemfundo yokupheka.
Umhluzi okumgangatho ophezulu uyinto ebalulekileyo kwisikolo sokupheka
Nje ukuba uqale ukupheka, uninzi lwezikolo ziqala ngomhluzi kunye nemfuyo, iibhloko zokwakha eziyimfuneko zokudala ukutya okunencasa. Ukuqala apha kufuna ukuba ufunde esinye sezifundo eziphambili ekuphekeni: umonde. Kukho zonke iintlobo zemithetho kumhluzi wesikolo sokupheka. Kuya kufuneka uyimilisele iiyure, kodwa ungaze uyivumele ibile; skim 'isikhumba' kunye namafutha amaninzi ukusuka phezulu njengoko uhamba, kodwa ungaze uwashukumise; Kwaye akufuneki ugqume umhluzi nge ilungu .
Xa ushiya isikolo sokupheka, akusafuneki ukuba ulandele imigaqo kwaye ungazenza isitokhwe kwindawo yokupheka ecothayo ukuba uyathanda, kodwa isifundo similiselwe entlokweni yakho. Uyazi, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, ukuba ukufunda ukwenza isitokhwe yeyona ndlela yokunyusa umdlalo wakho wokupheka. Sebenzisa umhluzi ekumgangatho ophezulu kwenza Umahluko omkhulu , Ukunika isixa esimnandi sencasa kuyo yonke into ukusuka kwisuphu kunye neesosi ukuya kwi-risotto kunye ne-polenta.
Ukuba awunalo ixesha lokuyenza kwasekuqaleni, siyayifumana. Zininzi okumnandi, iivenkile ezithengiweyo , ke baxhamle ekuphekeni kwakho. Sincoma ukuba sikhangele iinguqu ezinesodium ephantsi ukugcina ukutya kwakho kungafumaneki ityuwa kakhulu , Kwaye kuya kufuneka usoloko ungcamla umhluzi xa usebenza ngophawu olutsha. Ukuba uyayithanda incasa ephuma ebhokisini, uya kuyithanda indlela enencasa ngayo kwisitya esigqityiweyo.
Iindleko zeenyawo ezinqabileyo ezinde
Abafundi bezikolo zenkcubeko bafunda ukuba iindlela zokupheka sisikhokelo esiluncedo, kodwa ziindlela nje kunye nemilinganiselo
Ukuba kukho abafundi abali-15 kwiklasi yokupheka, bonke abalishumi elinesihlanu baya kupheka iresiphi efanayo yonke imihla. Qikelela ukuba? Akukho nanye kwezo zitya eya kunambitha ngokufanayo. Ukungcamla ukutya kwamaqabane akho kukuvusa umnxeba kwabafundi abaphekayo kuba lixesha lokuba baqonde ukuba iresiphi sisikhokelo nje; kuxhomekeke kumpheki ukuzisa izithako ebomini.
Xa uqala ukuqala, oko iresiphi Kuyimfuneko ukuba usete ngokwakho impumelelo. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, umntu uye wangena kuvavanyo oluninzi kunye neempazamo ukuya phuhlisa , kutheni ungafundi kwiimpazamo zabanye? Njengoko upheka, uya kufunda ukuthembela kwiimvakalelo zakho kwaye unikele ingqalelo kwiindlela ezisetyenziswa apha endleleni. Ngaba iresiphi ikuyalele ukuba uqale ngokususa itswele kwioyile? Kungenxa yokuba ezinye izithako zithatha ixesha elide kunabanye ukuthambisa. Ngaba ibikhe yanyathela? Umyalelo ku yizise kwimathumba, unciphise kwisimmer ? Qaphela ezi ndlela kwaye uqonde ukuba ziluncedo njani ekudaleni isidlo esigqityiweyo.
Emva koko, kukho umyinge wenxalenye yeresiphi. Ukuba uyakhumbula umlinganiso olula - iinxalenye ezimbini ezimhlophe irayisi kwinxalenye enye yamanzi; iinxalenye ezine umhluzi kwelinye icala Iintlungu ; iinxalenye ezintathu zomgubo, iinxalenye ezimbini zamanqatha, inxalenye enye yolwelo yenza uqweqwe lwepayi olugqibeleleyo ngalo lonke ixesha- emva koko awuzukufuna ukubhekisa iresiphi kwixesha elizayo.
Ufunda ukuba kubalulekile ukutshisa yonke ipani kwisikolo senkcubeko
Le yenye yeemfihlelo eziya kuguqula ngokupheleleyo ukupheka kwakho. Xa upheka inyama okanye imifuno kwipani eshushu, iitshipi ezincinci zinamathela emazantsi njengoko usiya. Unokucinga ukuba ezi zitshixo zitshisiweyo zezenkunkuma. Ewe, benza ukuba bamnyama kwaye ngokwenene zitshile, kodwa ukuba zimdaka ngombala, zinokusetyenziswa njengesiseko sokwenza ubunzulu bencasa. Ezo bits zibizwa imvelaphi -Igama lesiFrentshi elithi 'isiseko' -kwaye ngokusisiseko bagxila kwiincuncisi ezincinci.
Kwenzeka ntoni apha yinto ebizwa ngokuba yi Ukuphendula kukaMaillard , impendulo yamachiza eyenzekayo xa ii-amino acid kunye neeswekile zichaphazeleka kubushushu. Xa ukutya kushushu, kuqala ukuba mdaka kunye ne-caramelize, kwaye ezinye zezo mpendulo zinamathela emazantsi okupheka. Xa u yongeza ulwelo olubandayo Kwipani eshushu, ukukhutshwa okuthandekayo kunye nokunyibilika. Ngoku, loo manzi anokufaka nantoni na oyiphekayo kunye nencasa eyongezelelweyo.
Ungasebenzisa nayiphi na into engamanzi oyithandayo ukutshisa, ukusuka emanzini okanye kwisitokhwe ukuya kwijusi yeapile, iwayini, okanye icognac. Gcina ukhumbula ukuba, ngokuchasene nenkolelo edumileyo, utywala abutshisi tu ngexesha lokupheka. Yongeza inani elininzi lokunambitheka ekutyeni kwakho, kodwa ayisiyonto intle xa ukhonza abantwana okanye nabani na othintela imbibing.
Isikolo seCulinary sifundisa ngokubaluleka kokugcotywa kweziqholo zakho kunye nokubayeka badubule
Ukufunda malunga neeprofayili zesipayisi yeyona nto ibalulekileyo ekuphekeni ngaphandle kweresiphi, into enokuthi yenziwe ngabo bonke abafundi abaphumeleleyo. Ukwazi iziqholo - njengokutya kwaseIndiya kusetyenziswa iturmeric nesinamon, kwaye uyifumana njani ikumin kunye nekoriyanderi kukutya kwaseMexico- kubalulekile, kodwa ungafunda ukuba xa ufunda incwadi yokupheka. Kwisikolo senkcubeko, ufunda ukucoca ubumnandi obuphezulu kwisinongo ngasinye.
Xa usebenza kunye neziqholo ezipheleleyo, kufuneka uhlale thambisa kubo kuqala ukuvelisa iioyile zazo ezinevumba elimnandi. Oku kunokwenziwa ehovini, kodwa kulula kakhulu ukuphosa kwi-saute pan, uyishukumise rhoqo de kube ivumba lesipayisi ligcwalise umoya. Xa kuziwa kwiziqholo ezomileyo, incam efanayo iyasebenza, kodwa kunzima ukuyigcoba ngenxa yesayizi yazo encinci. Ukubanceda ukuqhakaza , Bongeze epanini kumanqanaba okuqala okupheka, malunga nomzuzu okanye emibini ngaphambi kokugcotywa. Ioyile esepanini iphinda ifake iziqholo ezomileyo ize isebenze iikhompawundi zazo ezinencasa. Linyathelo elincinci, kodwa lenza umahluko omkhulu ekugqibeleni.
ungayenza njani i-oatmeal ibengcono
Kwisikolo sokupheka ufunda ukuba iswekile ibhalansi ityuwa, i-asidi ibhalansi amafutha
Ukuthetha ngokulinganisela, kulula ukwenza isidlo esingenayo. Nokuba upheka iresiphi okanye udala into ephungwayo, ngamanye amaxesha izinto azisebenzi ngendlela ocinga ngayo. Sukuba nexhala; ukuba isitya sakho sithanda ukungalingani, ungasilungisa ngokulula ngalo mgaqo wesikolo: Sebenzisa iswekile ukulinganisela ityuwa kunye ne-asidi ukulinganisela amafutha. Uyakufunda ukuba isitya esinetyiwa asinakusoloko silungiswa, nokuba sele unesingxobo seswekile. Ngelishwa, izifundo ezinje zihlala zifundwa ngendlela enzima.
Ukuba ukutya kwakho kunambitheka kancinci kwicala elinetyiwa, awunako ukunciphisa umxholo wesodiyamu ngaphandle kokuba wongeze ngaphezulu kwazo zonke ezinye izithako. Ngamanye amaxesha, ayisiyiyo inketho, ke ungayifihla ityuwa ngokongeza umnwe weswekile, ubusi, ii-molasses, okanye isiraphu yemephu. Kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwesitya osenzayo, ukongeza isithako esimnandi ngokwendalo njengeminqathe okanye ibhatata inokuba lukhetho. Ngokufanayo, ukuba isitya sakho sinambitheka kakhulu okanye sinamafutha, unako yongeza into etart Njengeviniga, ijusi yelamuni, okanye iyogathi. Ezi zithako zeasidi zinokuqaqambisa isitya, zisithintele ekuziva sinzima kakhulu kwinkalakahla.
Abafundi bezikolo zesikolo bayazi ukuba eyona nto iphambili ekuzilungiseleleni kukulungiselela
Esi siqwenga seengcebiso sinokukhathaza, kodwa iyinyani yeepesenti ezili-100 zexesha. Kulula kakhulu ukungena kokhula xa uphekela abahlobo kunye nosapho, kwaye ukungavisisani kuhamba ngaphezulu kwindawo yokutyela yobungcali. Ixesha liphawula ngokukhawuleza xa unegalikhi yokupheka kwioyile eshushu. Umahluko phakathi kwegolide emdaka nomnyama kunye notshisiweyo unokuba mncinci njengemizuzwana embalwa. Ukuba awukulungelanga ukongeza isithako esilandelayo epanini, ungonakalisa into ekhoyo ngoku.
Uyenza njani iMcgriddle
Isikolo seCulinary sikufundisa ukuba ulungiselele into ebizwa ngokuba yiyo ukumisela : Yonke into isendaweni yayo. Umbono kukufunda iresiphi kwaye usike, utyumbe, kwaye ulinganise zonke izithako ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukupheka. Sisizathu sokuba abapheki abaziingcali basebenzise izitya ezincinci. Xa usebenza ekhitshini lobuchwephesha, unokuba noxanduva lokupheka ishumi elinambini okanye nangaphezulu izitya, ke ukulungiselela imise yakho yeyona nto ibalulekileyo onokuyenza ukuze ulungele inkonzo, kwaye ngumkhwa oluncedo ukungena ekhaya, naye.
Imantra yesikolo sokupheka: iipleyiti ezishushu, ukutya okushushu; iipleyiti ezibandayo, ukutya okubandayo
Le mfihlo yindawo yokutyela eyimfuneko: Ukuba ufuna abathengi abonwabileyo, kufuneka ubanike ukutya kubushushu obuchanekileyo. Akukho mntu ufuna isaladi eshushu (ngaphandle kokuba kunjalo imelwe kukotywa ), kwaye ingakothusa ukuba i-lasagna yakho ibishushu ngaphezulu kwaye ibanda ifile phakathi (uphawu olucacileyo bavele imveliso engumkhenkce kwi imicrowave , ukuba uyazibuza).
Nabani na oye esikolweni sokupheka unokucengceleza 'iipleyiti ezishushu, ukutya okushushu; iipleyiti ezibandayo, ukutya okubandayo 'ngokomyalelo. Kungenxa yokuba sele igrunjelwe kwiintloko zethu amaxesha asisigidi. Ukulawula ubushushu beepleyiti indlela elula Ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukutya kuhlala kushushu (okanye kubanda) kuhambo lwayo ukusuka ekhitshini ukuya kwitafile yegumbi lokutyela. Ukuba ubeka i-burrito eshushu kwisitya esibandayo, iya kuqala ukupholisa isibini esidityanisiweyo.
Ekhaya, oku kulula njengokuncamathisela isitaki samacwecwe esidlo sangokuhlwa kwinqanaba elili-150 eziko , okanye ukubandisa kwifriji. Kuyenzeka ukuba uthathe le kude kakhulu, nangona; Phantse wonke umgca ophekayo unokukuxelela ibali malunga nesitya esiqhekezwe kubushushu be-oveni ngelixa kushushu, okanye isinxibo esiqandusele kwisitya sesaladi esigcinwe kubanda kakhulu. Kodwa ke, ukufumana amaqondo obushushu afanelekileyo konke malunga namava okufunda.
Abafundi beCulinary bafunda ukuba ngenene, kubaluleke kakhulu ukupholisa ukutya ngokufanelekileyo
Wonke umfundi opheka esikolweni unoxanduva olukhulu lokugcina abathengi babo bekhuselekile kwingozi. Kulula ukuyenza xa upheka into efana nenyama yenyama; betha i Ama-USDA amancinci okupheka okupheka okupheka ngaphakathi , kwaye ulufezekisile uxanduva lwakho. Xa kuziwa kulungiselela ezo zinto zikhulu zebhetshi ziya kuphinda zihlaziywe kamva, izinto ziya zisiba nzima.
Inxalenye yemfundo yenkcubeko yokufunda malunga indawo eyingozi , iqondo lobushushu lobushushu obungu-40 ukuya kuma-140 degrees Fahrenheit apho iintsholongwane zinokuphindeka kabini ngenani kwimizuzu nje engama-20. Xa upheka ibhetshi yesaloni ezintlanu kwindawo yokutyela, inokufikelela kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu njenge-212 degrees. Ukuba uyiphose imbiza iphela kwifriji njengoko injalo, kungathatha iiyure ukuphola, uhleli kwindawo eyingozi ixesha elide ngokwaneleyo ukuba ube yingxaki. Awungekhe ulahle ngokuthe ngqo iiityhubhu zomkhenkce kuloo nto okanye iya kungxenga iincasa, ke kuya kufuneka ufunde ubuchule bokupholisa ngokukhawuleza . Iindawo zokutyela ezininzi zisebenzisa iipali zokupholisa eziqukethe amanzi aqanduselwe ngaphakathi, okanye, kuba kusenokwenzeka ukuba awunazo iiphali zokupholisa ekhaya, ungahlulahlula isuphu kwiipani zentsimbi ezinzulu ukuzinceda zipholise ngokukhawuleza.
Amafutha yincasa, kwaye abapheki abaqeqeshwe ngokupheka basebenzisa okuninzi
Nangona abafundi abapheka bethatha iiklasi zokutya, uninzi lokutya ofunda ukupheka esikolweni akujoliswanga kwezempilo. Konke malunga nokunambitheka, incasa, incasa, kunye nokusebenzisa amanqatha yindlela elungileyo yokufika apho. Nini U-Anthony Bourdain yavela Umboniso weOprah Winfrey , uchithe iimbotyi malunga nokuba ibhotolo ingena kwinto yonke, esithi, 'Ihlala iyinto yokuqala kunye neyokugqibela kuyo yonke ipani. Yiyo loo nto ukutya kwivenkile yokutyela kunencasa ngakumbi kunokutya kwasekhaya amaxesha amaninzi ... ibhotolo. ' Ngexesha ushiya indawo yokutyela, ngewawutye yonke intonga yebhotolo. Yikes.
Amafutha Unenjongo, nangona kunjalo, kwaye ibhotolo ayisiyiyo kuphela indlela yokufika apho. Imfihlelo yokuxuba iisosi, ukunika isuphu ukugqiba okutyebileyo, kunye nokwenza iitapile ezicujiweyo ngokuhambelana okuhle? Amafutha afana neoyile, ukhilimu onzima, iavokhado, amaqanda, kunye netshizi. Kungenxa yokuba amanqatha ayanceda thwala zonke ezinye iincasa . Yinto ebalulekileyo ekwenzeni isitya esilungeleleneyo, ke ngekhe woyike ukuyisebenzisa (eninzi) kuyo.
Amaphupha amnandi ekhitshini iziqendu ezilungileyo
Kwisikolo sokupheka ufunda ukuba okunye ukutya kubangcono ukuba ukwenzile usuku olungaphambili
Logama nje ukulungiselela iibhetshi ezinkulu kungakhokeleli kwinkunkuma, abafundi abaphekayo bafunda ukuba kutheni kubalulekile ukupheka iisuphu kunye neesosi ngeentsuku ezininzi ngaxeshanye, kunye nezinye iiresiphi eziphinda zisebenze ngokulula. Ayigcini nje ukugcina ixesha, kodwa ikwenza ukutya kube ngcono. Kwisikolo sokupheka, ufunda ukuba kutheni intsalela ihlala ingcamla ngcono ngosuku olulandelayo: Iincasa ziyahlangana kwaye zidibane. Ngoku ka Forbes , okushiyekileyo kunencasa ngakumbi kwaye kunencasa etyebileyo kuba 'ukufudumeza ngokutsha kuyaphula iprotein kwaye kukhupha ezinye iikhompawundi ze-umami kwizakhiwo zazo.' Isayensi yokutya isebenza!
Ayisebenzi ngako konke ukutya, nangona kunjalo. Iisaladi ezingaphambi kokunxitywa ziya kuba soggy kwaye zilusizi kusuku olulandelayo kuba izinto zeasidi zokunxiba zihla phantsi iileta zethenda, ngokuka Konwabele ukutya kwakho . Umgangatho wokutya okuphekiweyo kuyehla ngokuhamba kwexesha, nako; I-steak ephakathi engaqhelekanga inokugqithisa xa uyiphinda kwakhona ngosuku olulandelayo, lome kwaye lube lukhuni. Kwaye ukutya okuqhotsiweyo akunakuze kube krismesi njengoko babenjalo ngomhla wokuqala. Kodwa, ukuba wenza izinto ezinje ngeesuphu, isityu, iicurry, izitya zeembotyi, iisosi, okanye ubreyizi, ayikukhathazi ukuyenza usuku kwangaphambili.
Iiklasi zesikolo sezidlo zesikolo ziyazi ukuba ukuchitha ukutya kukuchitha imali
Le inkulu, kuba iivenkile zokutyela zaziwa ngokuba yimida ephantsi. Ngoku ka Ingxelo yeHouston , iivenkile zokutyela ezingaqhelekanga kunye neenkonzo ezigcweleyo zifikelela kwiipesenti ezi-6 zenzuzo emva kokubalwa kweendleko zokutya, iindleko zabasebenzi, kunye neendleko ezizinzileyo ezinje ngerente kunye nezinto ezisetyenziswayo. Kuphela ziisenti ezintandathu kwidola nganye efunyenweyo. Ke ukuba awusebenzisi iincopho zemifuno ukwenza isitokhwe, ukugaya iiteki zenyama yakho, okanye ukuguqula ukutya kufike kumhla wokuphelelwa yisuphu, usenokuba ulahla inkunkuma. Ngethamsanqa, bakufundisa ukuba ungayenza kanjani yonke loo nto kwisikolo sokupheka.
Ukunciphisa inkunkuma yokutya yindlela entle yokuluhlaza, kodwa ikonga imali. A Iintshatsheli 12.3 zokufunda iphonononge iivenkile zokutyela ezili-114 kumazwe ali-12 ukuqinisekisa uqoqosho lwenkunkuma yokutya. Bacel 'umngeni abapheki babo ukuba bafumane iindlela zokuyila kwakhona ukutya okuseleyo kunye nezinto ezityiwayo zokutya, kunye nokwamkela iinkqubo zokulinganisa inani lokutya okuchithiweyo kunye noqeqesho lwabasebenzi kugcino kunye nasekuphatheni iinkqubo zokuphucula ukutya. Ngokomndilili, iivenkile zokutyela zinciphise inkunkuma ngama-26 epesenti kwaye igcina i-7 yeedola kuyo yonke i-1 yedola abayityale kwiinkqubo zokunciphisa inkunkuma.
Le yinto ekulula ukuyikhumbula ekhitshini lakho lasekhaya- bamba iingxowa ezimbalwa ze-zip-top kwaye uqalise isikhenkcezisi isitokhwe senxalenye yenkuku kunye nemvuthuluka yemifuno, kwaye xa sele wonele, whip up a batch of home home stock stock.
